Use of mycelial slurries of mycorrhizal fungi as inoculum for commercial tree seedling nurseries

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1480-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Boyle ◽  
W. J. Robertson ◽  
P. O. Salonius
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Medium

Blended mycelial slurries of a variety of ectomycorrhizal fungi were assessed for their suitability as inoculum for containerized tree seedlings. Mycelium of most fungi tested, with the exceptions of Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch and Paxillusinvolutus (Batsch.: Fr.) Fr., withstood blending well. Viability remained high after storage in modified Melin–Norkrans agar medium, water, or dilute saline at either 4 °C or room temperature, indicating that slurries are robust enough to tolerate conditions that would be encountered in a commercial setting. Experiments investigating methods for applying slurries to containerized seedlings were conducted using Hebelomalongicaudum (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer. Slurry infectivity dropped after it was mixed into a peat–vermiculite growing medium, particularly in the presence of high levels of fertilizer. This indicated that incoculum should not be added to multipots until short roots capable of becoming mycorrhizal are present and that contact of the inoculum with fertilizer should be avoided. Injection of slurry into the root zone resulted in the most consistently high colonization, but application of the slurry to the surface of the growing medium was also effective, the latter being more feasible in a commercial setting. Mycorrhizae developed with as little as 1 mg mycelium per seedling, although 100 mg gave more consistent results. In inoculation trials in which slurries of nine representative fungi were injected into the root zones of 8-week-old black spruce or jack pine seedlings, five of the fungi consistently formed mycorrhizae. For these fungi, slurries could be an effective inoculum.

The influence of phosphorus concentration and frequency of fertilization on ectomycorrhizal development in containerized black spruce and jack pine seedlings

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1263-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H.R. Browning ◽  
Roy D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
P Fertilizer

The growth response of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings was tested in growth chambers at two levels of P, with or without inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungus Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton and with weekly or thrice-weekly fertilizer application. While keeping N and K constant, an increase of P from 1.5 to 7.2 mg per seedling severely reduced formation of L. bicolor ectomycorrhizae on both jack pine and black spruce 17 weeks after inoculation. Inoculation of black spruce with L. bicolor was more successful (75%) than inoculation of jack pine (35%). Inoculated black spruce seedlings were 34% taller and 44% heavier than uninoculated controls, but only at the low P level; they were also 39% heavier and had more abundant L. bicolor ectomycorrhizae (180% of the weekly treatment) when fertilized thrice weekly than with weekly fertilization that supplied the same total nutrients. Dry weights of jack pine inoculated with L. bicolor were 26 and 33% larger than those of uninoculated seedlings at high and low P levels, respectively. Fertilizing thrice weekly also produced 23% larger dry weights of jack pine, but fewer ectomycorrhizae were formed than with weekly fertilization (65% of the weekly value). The results indicate that inoculation of black spruce seedlings with L. bicolor will produce larger seedlings, but only where low P fertilizer is applied, preferably thrice weekly. Jack pine may benefit from artificial inoculation with L. bicolor, especially in a higher fertility growing medium.

scholarly journals Preliminary evaluation of dew condensers and their use for tree seedling irrigation in Puerto Rico

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Víctor A. Snyder ◽  
Miguel A. Vázquez ◽  
Jodelin Seldon ◽  
Alberto J. Beale ◽  
Rafael Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyolefin

Dew condensers have been proposed as a means to reduce drought mortality of tree seedlings in early stages of reforestation projects. We investigated the amount of dew condensate produced by locally constructed dew condensers, constructed with three different infrared emitting surfaces: standard polyethylene/ TiO2 / BaSO4 foil, thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), and plastic coated with locally available Lanco UrethanizerTM8 roofing paint. All surfaces produced similar amounts of total dew condensate, typically ranging between 0.05 and 0.25 L/m2/night. However, the materials differed in the fraction of dew running off the surfaces, which represents the water available for tree seedlings. Highest runoff fractions were obtained with painted surfaces, followed by polyethylene and polyolefin surfaces, respectively. Considerably greater amounts of nightly dew condensate were observed during the winter than in summer, attributed to differences in night length and cloud cover. A commercially available dew condenser, the Groasis WaterboxxTM, did not generate more than 0.04 L per night of runoff dew, due primarily to a small condenser surface area of < 0.2 m2. A field study showed that 1 m2 dew condensers maintained the root zone of mahogany seedlings at matric potentials > -60 kPa during dry spells. Overall, results indicated that passive dew condensers with condenser areas of 1 m2 are capable of producing sufficient water for survival of small tree seedlings during drought periods.

scholarly journals Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on tree seedling growth: quantifying the parasitism–mutualism transition along a light gradient

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Ibáñez ◽  
Sarah McCarthy-Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Light ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Tree Seedling Growth

Mycorrhizal fungi colonize tree seedlings shortly after germination, and the nature of this relationship (mutualistic to parasitic) has been reported to vary as a function of resources; however, this transition has rarely been quantified. Using a light gradient, we grew seedlings of eight tree species in soils that were cultivated by several co-existing species of trees. We used data on root mycorrhizal fungi to quantify colonization along the gradient of light. We then analyzed plant growth as a function of both the light gradient and the extent of mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizal fungi colonization varied among species but was not correlated with the species’ seed sizes or shade tolerances. Within a species, colonization varied among soil sources, but those differences followed neither the conspecific–heterospecific dichotomy, nor the soil host’s arbuscular–ectomycorrhizal associations commonly reported. At high light levels, seedlings growth increased with increasing levels of colonization for seven species, and at low light levels, the effect of colonization was negative for five species. We also quantified the light threshold at which the plant – mycorrhizal fungi relationship shifted from neutral to positive (four species), from negative to neutral (one species), and from neutral to negative (one species), documenting differences among species that could exacerbate competitive interactions during recruitment.

Sclerotia as viable sources of mycelia for the establishment of ectomycorrhizae

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Grenville ◽  
Y. Piché ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pure Cultures

The ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Paxillus involutus, which have wide host potential and diverse ecological ranges, were grown in association with pine seedlings in plastic growth pouches. Sclerotia formed under these conditions were stored at room temperature for up to 30 days and then germinated on agar medium. Pure cultures of P. involutus also produced sclerotia and these also regenerated in culture. Mycelial plugs from the sclerotia-derived cultures were subsequently reinoculated onto pine roots. Typical ectomycorrhizae with a mantle and Hartig net were established.

Use of artificial wetland for the treatment of surface and wastewater

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Jan Šálek ◽  
František Marcián ◽  
Iman Elazizy
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Artificial Wetland ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Water Media ◽  
Inlet Zone

Vegetative root zone methods are based on self-purifying processes that take place in the soil, wetland and vegetation containing water media. Our studies are concentrated on the course of puryfying in relation with the length of the filtration bed and on the progress of eliminating the ammoniacal pollution. The research proved that the essential part of the puryfying process takes place within the inlet zone (Figs 1 and 2). The decomposition of ammonia proceeds very slowly. The process of nitrification is affected by the lack of oxygen in the filtration media. To improve the effectiveness of vegetative root zone methods we suggest specific steps: an adjustment of the inlet zone, a system of cascades, a water level pulsation system and combinations of different types and arrangements of vegetative root zones.

Effects of root zone temperature on root initiation and elongation in red pine seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris P. Andersen ◽  
Edward I. Sucoff ◽  
Robert K. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Zone Temperature

The influence of root zone temperature on root initiation, root elongation, and soluble sugars in roots and shoots was investigated in a glasshouse using 2-0 red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings lifted from a northern Minnesota nursery. Seedlings were potted in a sandy loam soil and grown in chambers where root systems were maintained at 8, 12, 16, or 20 °C for 27 days; seedling shoots were exposed to ambient glasshouse conditions. Total new root length was positively correlated with soil temperature 14, 20, and 27 days after planting, with significantly more new root growth at 20 °C than at other temperatures. The greatest number of new roots occurred at 16 °C; the least, at 8 °C. Total soluble sugar concentrations in stem tissue decreased slightly as root temperature increased. Sugar concentrations in roots were similar at all temperatures. The results suggest that root elongation is suppressed more than root tip formation when red pine seedlings are exposed to the cool soil temperatures typically found during spring and fall outplanting.

scholarly journals THE PRODUCTION OF SELECTIVE ADDITIVES TO GROWING MEDIUM DRIGALSKI LACTOSE AGAR

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Владимир Ермаков ◽  
Vlyadimir Ermakov ◽  
Оксана Датченко ◽  
Oksana Datchenko ◽  
Юлия Курлыкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The purpose of the study is to improve the selective supplement for selective media with the purpose to produce enterobacteria. Tasks of the study are to identify the sensitivity of strains obtained of enterobacteria in regard to an-tibiotics; develop a new selective supplement with antibiotics to the nutrient medium Drigalski Lactose Agar. Media should have a content that in the best way possible ensures the growth and reproduction of microorganisms of cer-tain species or family. Intensive biotechnology development and Microbiology allows today to develop new nutrient media and modify the already existing content of media. The object of the study was a new selective additive with antibiotics to the nutrient medium Drigalski Lactose Agar. 253 isolates of bacteria produced from the intestinal mi-crobiotope of different animal species have been the Material for research. The study was conducted in the period from 2010 to 2017. Carbenicillin 30±2.3 from the group of carboxypenicillins and piperacillin 37±2.5 from the group of ureidopenicillins, kanamycin 24±1.5, amikacin 26±1.7 and gentamicin 25±0,8, cefepime 38±3.2 from the group of IV generation cephalosporins, tetracycline 28±1.6, doxycycline 34±2.3 and chloramphenicol 31±2.5, nalidixic acid 37±2.8, trimethoprim 35±3,4 demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial activity against all cultures of enterobac-teria that has been achieved. The high resistance of enterobacteria was shown to benzylpenicillin from the group of natural penicillins, to streptomycin, cephalotine from the group of cephalosporins of the first generation, to polymyx-in B, to ofloxacin (tarivid) and metronidazole. Antibacterial drugs effective against the accompanying gram-positive and gram-negative microflora were considered as the samples of the selective components. Vancomycin from the group of glycopeptides, linezolid from the group of oxazolidinones, and telithromycin from the group of ketolides were chosen. Antibiotics vancomycin and telithromycin in a dose of 0.008 g/dm3, linezolid 0.004 g/dm3 were cho-sen as the selective additive to Drigalski Lactose Agar medium.

scholarly journals ISOLATION OF ANTIFUNGI BACTERIA FROM BANANA RHIZOSPHERE TO INHIBIT Fusarium Oxysproum f.sp cubense (FOC) GROWTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Albert Sembiring ◽  
Natalia Lusianingsih Sumanto
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Panama Disease ◽  
Vitro Test

Fusarium wilt disease on banana has been known as panama disease one of the main diseases that cause huge losses for banana farmers. It is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense (Foc), which is very hard control because it is saprophytic in the soil. The mold infiltrates the root to vascular tissue that induces yellowing on the leaf, so this pathogen can attack the root, stem dan leaf. The research aimed to search bacteria from the banana rhizosphere that have an antifungal activity to inhibit Foc growth. Bacteria was isolated by serial dilution then was spread on King’s B agar medium incubation 28oC (room temperature). Four quadrants in vitro test on PDA medium used twenty bacterial from isolation, from the test was obtained six isolates have the potential to inhibit the growth of Foc. Based on percentage inhibition radial growth four isolates that have inhibition 50% over which TR2 was the highest at 79.07%. The in vitro test confirmed that bacteria from the banana rhizosphere have potential as biocontrol agent because it was able to inhibit the Foc growth.

Effect of root zone temperature on ectomycorrhiza and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in disturbed and undisturbed forest soils of southwest Oregon

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Parke ◽  
R. G. Linderman ◽  
J. M. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Southwest Oregon

The presence of ectomycorrhizal and vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi in soils from five sites in a mixed conifer zone in southwest Oregon, each consisting of a 1- to 1.5-year-old clear-cut adjacent to an undisturbed forest stand, was determined by bioassay with Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws & C. Laws, and Trifoliumsubterraneum L. 'Mt. Barker' as hosts grown at root zone temperatures ranging from 7.5 to 35 °C. Maximum formation of both ectomycorrhizae and VA mycorrhizae occurred at 18.5–24 °C in soils from all sites, and there were no significant qualitative or quantitative differences between disturbed (clear-cut) or undisturbed (forest) soils. Mycorrhiza formation was moderate even at the lowest temperature tested (7.5 °C) but was greatly reduced or prevented at or above 29.5 °C. Treatment of soil at 35 °C for 1 week did not appear to adversely affect viability of ectomycorrhizal fungus propagules, but young mycorrhizae subjected to the same treatment appeared to be severely injured. Thus the ability of native mycorrhizal fungi to grow at low soil temperatures is especially important as they may contribute to the survival of seedlings outplanted into climatic zones characterized by warm, dry summers following cool, wet winters and springs.

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