Chemosystematic studies in the genus Pinus. VI. General survey of the leaf oil terpene composition of lodgepole pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff ◽  
Martin S. Lapp
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Northeastern Alberta

The leaf terpene composition of 645 individual lodgepole pine trees and 79 bulked samples from 111 different sites or provenances and from one putative and three western jack pine populations (10 trees each) were analyzed by gas chromatography. Numerical analysis by a centroid cluster analysis of the mean squared Euclidean distances was carried out, and percentile distributions of the individual terpenes were plotted. The data obtained confirmed the previous subdivision into the major terpene pattern types A, B, and C (or H) and five subgroups (based on the high modes in bimodal distributions); four additional subgroups were added. Except for typical coastal populations, inter- and intra-populational terpene pattern variation was high. Centroid clustering and assignment of terpene types and subgroups lead to some distinct geographical groupings. Coastal populations (ssp. contorta) were found to be rather unifornm and only a minor difference appears to exist between northern and southern populations. Those near Haines, Alaska, the Skeena Valley, southeastern Vancouver Island, and the Puget Sound showed intermediacy with interior (ssp. latifolia) stands. The Fort Bragg (ssp. bolanderi) and Samoa populations from northern coastal California contained many trees with unique terpene patterns. The interior populations (ssp. latifolia) were highly variable and inverse frequencies of the type A (high near the coast) and type B (high in and near the Rocky Mountains) were recorded in several west-east transects. Introgression with jack pine, as measured by the frequency of type C/H patterns, was extensive in northeastern Alberta and the Peace River area of British Columbia. However, some difficulty in describing recent introgression was encountered. A unique (possibly archaic) population was encountered at Petitot River. The ssp. murrayana from the southern Cascades of Oregon and northern California could not be distinguished from ssp. latifolia further north by the terpenoid data.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

COMPOSITION OF TURPENTINE OF LODGEPOLE × JACK PINE HYBRIDS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Mirov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pine Hybrids

Chemical composition of turpentines in lodgepole–jack pine hybrids was studied. When the two pines were artificially crossed, the F1 generation possessed turpentine in which the bicyclic terpenes of jack pine, dominated over the simpler, monocyclic terpene—phellandrene—of lodgepole pine. Trees in a natural hybrid swarm also tended towards a predominance of the jack pine bicyclic terpenes.

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Pinus. V. Variation in the leaf oil terpene composition of young and old lodgepole pine trees from different moisture regimes near Prince George, British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff ◽  
Martin S. Lapp ◽  
R. G. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Resin Canals

The leaf oil terpene composition of lodgepole pine stands from contrasting moisture regimes (400–1200 mm precipitation) within upland and bog sites in the Prince George area of central British Columbia was investigated. In addition to the terpene patterns recorded previously, a new one with relatively high percentages (5–28%) of the terpinene group was found. This pattern was encountered mainly in old trees with very low yields (less than 0.1%) of volatile oil, especially in trees from shaded stands. The absence of resin canals in the leaves of such trees may be the reason for the low yields, but the reason for the link with relatively high terpinene group percentages is obscure. Young trees growing in the vicinity of such stands had mainly the normal patterns. No differences between upland and bog sites or dry and wet sites were found in young trees. Hence, old trees from bogs or wet sites east of Prince George provided progeny with the normal terpene patterns, even though many of the old trees have the new terpene pattern. Samples from two 12- to 13-year-old provenance trials originating from west and east of Prince George had terpene patterns similar to those of the young trees from the natural stands.

Life cycle of Arceuthobium americanum on Pinus banksiana based on inoculations in Edmonton, Alberta

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

While lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., is one of the most damaging pests of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in western Canada, no studies have examined the life cycle of this parasite in this pathosystem. Twenty-five jack pine trees in a plantation in Edmonton, Alberta, were inoculated with seeds of A. americanum in the fall of 1998 and 1999; these inoculants were monitored until the dwarf mistletoe plants that arose completed their life cycle. Ninety-two percent of inoculated seeds overwintered on their host. Seventy percent of these seeds germinated, mostly in May. Of these germinants, 69% developed holdfasts. Sixty-eight percent of germinants that developed holdfasts infected their host and produced shoots, primarily between July and August in the second season after inoculation. Of the 56 plants that developed from the 175 inoculations, 34 were pistillate plants and 19 were staminate plants, and 3 immature plants died because the host branch died. Pistillate plants flowered significantly earlier than staminate plants (4.1 vs. 4.7 years). Most pistillate plants produced seed in the fifth year, although one plant produced seed in 4 years. Thus, A. americanum probably has a 5-year life cycle on jack pine.

scholarly journals Spore Dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum in Northwest British Columbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Boateng ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

We studied spore dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum, causal agent of a serious outbreak of red band needle blight in lodgepole pine plantations in northwest British Columbia. Spore abundance was assessed at different distances and heights from inoculum sources and microclimatic factors were recorded during two consecutive years. Conidia were observed on spore traps from June to September during periods of rainfall. It was rare to detect spores more than 2 m away from inoculum sources. The timing and number of conidia dispersed were strongly tied to the climatic variables, particularly rainfall and leaf wetness. Should the trend toward increased spring and summer precipitation in the study area continue, the results suggest that disease spread and intensification will also increase. Increasing the planting distances between lodgepole pine trees through mixed species plantations and overall reduction in use of lodgepole pine for regeneration in wet areas are the best strategies to reduce the spread of the disease and enhance future productivity of plantations in the study area.

Pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchusxylophilus on three species of pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Bedker ◽  
M. J. Wingfield ◽  
R. A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Branch Death

Three species of 11-year-old pine trees were inoculated with Bursaphelenchusxylophilus in the field. Four branches in single whorls on red, Scots, and jack pine trees were wounded and inoculated with 10 000 nematodes each or with water extracts from Botrytiscinerea cultures. Prior to field inoculations, the pathogenicity of the nematode isolate was confirmed on seedlings in the greenhouse. Fourteen weeks after inoculation, 27 of 80 and 13 of 52 branches were dead or dying on Scots and jack pine trees, respectively. No symptoms were observed on red pine trees inoculated with B. xylophilus or on any controls. Branch death was attributed to the formation of girdling cankers resulting from inoculation. An average of 9.14, 10.39, and 0.02 nematodes were extracted per gram of wood from branch samples collected from Scots, jack, and red pine trees at 14 weeks, respectively, and at 58 weeks an average of 13.82, 1.01, and 0.05 nematodes per gram of wood sampled were recovered. Proportions of branch samples with nematodes declined from 14 to 58 weeks after inoculation. Although limited mortality of branches occurred, the pine wood nematode was not found to cause tree death following inoculation.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Howell Wright ◽  
Marc O. Beem
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Chest Roentgenogram ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Differential Problem ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Minor

ACUTE bronchiolitis (capillary bronchitis, obstructive emphysema) is one of the common afflictions of the lower respiratory passages of infants. Although infection has long been accepted as the primary inciting factor, investigators (with the exception of Sell who believes H. influenzae to be responsible) have not found bacterial pathogens in consistent association with the syndrome. By exclusion, it has been assumed that most cases are precipitated by a viral infection. During the past decade this view has been substantiated by the application of new techniques to the study of respiratory viruses. Surveys of winter and spring epidemics of bronchiolitis in several urban centers have demonstrated a very significant portion of the cases to be associated with respiratory virus infection, most commonly the respiratory syncytial virus (RS), but in a minor number of instances influenza B or the parainfluenza agents. To date, no rapid laboratory proof of viral etiology is available, nor have any of the antiviral substances been found to be effective in treatment. Consequently, the welfare of the individual infant depends upon his physician's acumen in arriving at a correct clinical diagnosis and in utilizing nonspecific measures to combat the disturbances of his respiratory physiology. DIAGNOSIS The first requisite of proper management is an accurate diagnosis. Table I lists other causes of infantile dyspnea which may cause confusion. Exclusion of these entities depends upon a careful history and physical examination, a chest roentgenogram, and a few well-chosen laboratory tests. The most frequent differential problem is the distinction among viral bronchiolitis, asthmatic bronchitis, and bacterial infection of the lower respiratory passages.

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