An equilibrium model of Pacific Rim trade in small softwood logs

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1006
Author(s):  
Donald F. Flora
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Export Supply ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Small, lower-graded logs, corresponding roughly to British Columbia's grade 4 sawlogs, make up about 44% of all Pacific Rim softwood log trade, or about 35% of total trade in coniferous sawn wood and roundwood. The 1983 small-log volume of 9 000 m3 is expected to grow to 12 300 m3 in 1990, to 14 000 m3 in 1995, and to be accompanied by a 13% rise in prices at Pacific Coast docks during this decade. Prices of small logs are projected to be level during the early 1990s. This analysis was performed with an equilibrium model of the log economies of each supplying and consuming nation around the Pacific Ocean. Individual export supply and import demand functions were summed to a classical market solution, with reference to free alongside ship prices along the western shores of North and South America. Key assumptions are constant exchange rates and secularly stable economies.

Pacific and Asiatic Doctrines Akin to the Monroe Doctrine

1915 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-817
Author(s):  
Albert Bushnell Hart
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Monroe Doctrine ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Mind ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The late Professor Edward Bourne, of Yale, used to say that the Philippine Islands were attached to the Spanish West Indies till after 1823, and therefore it ought to be presumed that Monroe intended his doctrine to apply to that Asiatic archipelago. The quip leads the mind to the important fact that the relations of the Pacific Coast of America, the Pacific Ocean, and the nations of Asia, are all bound together. The first Asiatic trade went from Philadelphia, Boston, Providence, and other Atlantic ports via the Northwest Coast to China. The relation of the original Monroe Doctrine to Oregon is familiar to all students of the Monroe Doctrine. It is curious that the objection to “colonization” which was intended to block the way of Russia, has been applied almost entirely to the West Indies and the eastern coast of North and South America. The clause in Monroe’s declaration had little to do with the process by which the United States came to have a Pacific front.

Fladmark + 40: What Have We Learned about a Potential Pacific Coast Peopling of the Americas?

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J. Braje ◽  
Jon M. Erlandson ◽  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Loren Davis ◽  
Tom Dillehay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Monte Verde ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Forty years ago, Knut Fladmark (1979) argued that the Pacific Coast offered a viable alternative to the ice-free corridor model for the initial peopling of the Americas—one of the first to support a “coastal migration theory” that remained marginal for decades. Today, the pre-Clovis occupation at the Monte Verde site is widely accepted, several other pre-Clovis sites are well documented, investigations of terminal Pleistocene subaerial and submerged Pacific Coast landscapes have increased, and multiple lines of evidence are helping decode the nature of early human dispersals into the Americas. Misconceptions remain, however, about the state of knowledge, productivity, and deglaciation chronology of Pleistocene coastlines and possible technological connections around the Pacific Rim. We review current evidence for several significant clusters of early Pacific Coast archaeological sites in North and South America that include sites as old or older than Clovis. We argue that stemmed points, foliate points, and crescents (lunates) found around the Pacific Rim may corroborate genomic studies that support an early Pacific Coast dispersal route into the Americas. Still, much remains to be learned about the Pleistocene colonization of the Americas, and multiple working hypotheses are warranted.

The Edinburgh Companion to Virginia Woolf and Contemporary Global Literature

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
North And South

This book considers the global responses Woolf’s work has inspired and her worldwide impact. The 23 chapters address the ways Woolf is received by writers, publishers, academics, reading audiences, and students in countries around the world; how she is translated into multiple languages; and how her life is transformed into global contemporary biofiction. The 24 authors hail from regions around the world: West and East Europe, the Middle East/North Africa, North and South America, East Asia and the Pacific Islands. They write about Woolf’s reception in Ireland, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Russia, Egypt, Kenya, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, the United States, China, Japan and Australia. The Edinburgh Companion is dialogic and comparative, incorporating both transnational and local tendencies insofar as they epitomise Woolf’s global reception and legacy. It contests the ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ binary, offering new models for Woolf global studies and promoting cross-cultural understandings.

scholarly journals The Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Language History ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Child Language Acquisition ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Every language has a way of saying how one knows what one is talking about, and what one thinks about what one knows. In some languages, one always has to specify the information source on which it is based—whether the speaker saw the event, or heard it, or inferred it based on something seen or on common sense, or was told about it by someone else. This is the essence of evidentiality, or grammatical marking of information source—an exciting category loved by linguists, journalists, and the general public. This volume provides a state-of-the art view of evidentiality in its various guises, their role in cognition and discourse, child language acquisition, language contact, and language history, with a specific focus on languages which have grammatical evidentials, including numerous languages from North and South America, Eurasia and the Pacific, and also Japanese, Korean, and signed languages.

Possibilities of Genetic Relationship in Northern Pacific Moiety Structures

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Viola E. Garfield
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Northern Pacific ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Moieties and/or SIBS occur in all the major culture areas of North and South America with the exception of Eskimo and Patagonia. In North America they are also lacking on the Pacific Coast from Vancouver Island to California and in all but the northern part of the Plateau. Data are incomplete for much of Argentina and Brazil and for parts of Meso-America.Many Siberian nomads are organized into patrilineal sibs or into extended families stressing the male line. The Koryak, Kamchadal and Chukchi are sibless, forming a continuous bilateral area with the Aleut and Eskimo on both sides of Bering Sea. Moieties and sibs are not characteristic of China, Japan, and Mongolia, but there is consistent stressing of the paternal line, whatever the kinship system. Patri-sibs occur in Manchuria.

scholarly journals Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract Cascabela thevetia is a fast-growing woody species native to tropical North and South America that has been extensively introduced as an ornamental. It behaves as an aggressive weed that grows to form large and dense thickets, especially in low-lying areas and along watercourses, that displace native vegetation and alter successional processes. In addition, all parts of the plant are extremely toxic and can be fatal to humans and other animals if consumed. Currently, it is included in the Global Invasive Species Database and has been listed as invasive and as a noxious weed in East Timor, South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Australia, Anguilla, Cuba, Hawaii, French Polynesia, Fiji and other islands in the Pacific region.

scholarly journals Análise dos Índices das Temperaturas Superficiais das Zonas Intertropicais dos Oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico associados às precipitações no Nordeste do Brasil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Beatriz Siqueira ◽  
Jonas Teixeira Nery ◽  
Oliver Messeguer-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Temperature Indices ◽  
North And South

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, através de índices climáticos, a variabilidade da precipitação na região Nordeste do Brasil. Para tanto foram utilizados dados em ponto de grade para gerar o índice de precipitação, bem como dados da National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) para gerar os índices de temperatura do oceano Pacífico (setor EN3.4) e do oceano Atlântico tropical norte e sul. O período de análise foi de 1970 a 2012. Com base nesses índices foram realizadas correlações lineares de Pearson, entre o oceano Pacífico e o Atlântico tropical norte e o oceano tropical sul, na costa do Brasil. Anomalias de precipitação também foram calculadas para alguns anos de ocorrência do evento El Niño, denotando expressiva variabilidade de um evento para outro. De maneira geral, as correlações entre os índices envolvendo os referidos oceanos foram positivas e expressivas, o que permite considerar a influência dos oceanos na dinâmica das chuvas na área de estudo. A importância do Atlântico sul é mais nítida quando os índices de temperatura da superfície do mar apresentaram o mesmo sinal, tanto no Pacífico quanto no Atlântico, o que implica em correlações mais marcadas.Palavras-chave: Forçante climática, El Niño 3.4, Nordeste do Brasil, Atlântico tropical, Anomalias da precipitação.Analysis of Surface Temperature Indices of the Intertropical Zones of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans associated with rainfall in Northeastern Brazil ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze, through climatic indices, the variability of precipitation in the Northeast region of Brazil. For that purpose, grid point data were used characterize the precipitation behaviour, as well as data from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to determine the temperature of the Pacific Ocean (sector EN3.4) and the tropical North and South Atlantic Ocean. Based on these data, correlations were made, which are characterized as marked, between the dynamics of the Pacific Ocean and the dynamics of the tropical North and South Atlantic, directly influencing the precipitation regime in Northeast Brazil. Precipitation anomalies were also calculated for some years of the El Niño event, showing significant variability from one event to another. In general, the correlations between the indexes involving the referred oceans were positive and expressive, which allows considering the influence of the oceans on the dynamics of rainfall in the study area. The importance of the South Atlantic is clearer when the sea surface temperature indices show the same sign, both in the Pacific and in the Atlantic, which implies more marked correlations.Keywords: Climate forcing, El Niño 3.4, Northeast Brazil, Tropical Atlantic, Precipitation anomalies.

scholarly journals Oceanic Response to Idealized Net Atmospheric Freshwater in the Pacific at the Decadal Time Scale*

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2467-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyin Huang ◽  
Vikram M. Mehta ◽  
Niklas Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Abstract In the study of decadal variations of the Pacific Ocean circulations and temperature, the role of anomalous net atmospheric freshwater [evaporation minus precipitation minus river runoff (EmP)] has received scant attention even though ocean salinity anomalies are long lived and can be expected to have more variance at low frequencies than at high frequencies. To explore the magnitude of salinity and temperature anomalies and their generation processes, the authors studied the response of the Pacific Ocean to idealized EmP anomalies in the Tropics and subtropics using an ocean general circulation model developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Simulations showed that salinity anomalies generated by the anomalous EmP were spread throughout the Pacific basin by mean flow advection. This redistribution of salinity anomalies caused adjustments of basin-scale ocean currents, which further resulted in basin-scale temperature anomalies due to changes in heat advection caused by anomalous currents. In this study, the response of the Pacific Ocean to magnitudes and locations of anomalous EmP was linear. When forced with a positive EmP anomaly in the subtropical North (South) Pacific, a cooling occurred in the western North (South) Pacific, which extended to the tropical and South (North) Pacific, and a warming occurred in the eastern North (South) Pacific. When forced with a negative EmP anomaly in the tropical Pacific, a warming occurred in the tropical Pacific and western North and South Pacific and a cooling occurred in the eastern North Pacific near 30°N and the South Pacific near 30°S. The temperature changes (0.2°C) in the tropical Pacific were associated with changes in the South Equatorial Current. The temperature changes (0.8°C) in the subtropical North and South Pacific were associated with changes in the subtropical gyres. The temperature anomalies propagated from the tropical Pacific to the subtropical North and South Pacific via equatorial divergent Ekman flows and poleward western boundary currents, and they propagated from the subtropical North and South Pacific to the western tropical Pacific via equatorward-propagating coastal Kelvin waves and to the eastern tropical Pacific via eastward-propagating equatorial Kelvin waves. The time scale of temperature response was typically much longer than that of salinity response because of slow adjustment times of ocean circulations. These results imply that the slow response of ocean temperature due to anomalous EmP in the Tropics and subtropics may play an important role in the Pacific decadal variability.

scholarly journals Studi Karakteristik Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) Di Perairan Selat Lombok Menggunakan Citra Satelit EOS Aqua MODIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Fitra Cahya Prima ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang ◽  
I Gede Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sst Anomaly ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
North And South

The Lombok Strait is a strait located between Lombok Island and Bali Island which connects the waters of the Bali Sea to the Indian Ocean, whose SST conditions vary with oceanographic-atmospheric conditions in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. This research aims to determine the temporal and spatial SST in the North and South Lombok Strait. Therefore, this study divides the Lombok Strait area into two because of the influence of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The method used in this research is descriptive and statistical analysis. The highest average monthly SST in the northern and southern Lombok Strait occurred in April at 29.11 °C and the lowest in August at 26.82°C. For the average seasonal SST, the highest occurred at transition I of 28.86°C, and the lowest occurred in the eastern season at 27.39°C. The highest average annual SST occurred in 2010 at 28.83°C and the lowest occurred in 2018 at 27.69°C. The northern SST anomaly has the same fluctuation as ENSO with inversely proportional IOD. Southern SST anomaly has fluctuation which is inversely proportional to ENSO and IOD. The correlation between SST anomaly in the north and ENSO correlates 0.90 (very strong), while with IOD it correlates 0.12 (very low). The correlation between SST anomaly in the southern part and ENSO correlates -0.11 (very low), while with IOD it correlates -0.73 (strong)

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