Fladmark + 40: What Have We Learned about a Potential Pacific Coast Peopling of the Americas?

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J. Braje ◽  
Jon M. Erlandson ◽  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Loren Davis ◽  
Tom Dillehay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Monte Verde ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Forty years ago, Knut Fladmark (1979) argued that the Pacific Coast offered a viable alternative to the ice-free corridor model for the initial peopling of the Americas—one of the first to support a “coastal migration theory” that remained marginal for decades. Today, the pre-Clovis occupation at the Monte Verde site is widely accepted, several other pre-Clovis sites are well documented, investigations of terminal Pleistocene subaerial and submerged Pacific Coast landscapes have increased, and multiple lines of evidence are helping decode the nature of early human dispersals into the Americas. Misconceptions remain, however, about the state of knowledge, productivity, and deglaciation chronology of Pleistocene coastlines and possible technological connections around the Pacific Rim. We review current evidence for several significant clusters of early Pacific Coast archaeological sites in North and South America that include sites as old or older than Clovis. We argue that stemmed points, foliate points, and crescents (lunates) found around the Pacific Rim may corroborate genomic studies that support an early Pacific Coast dispersal route into the Americas. Still, much remains to be learned about the Pleistocene colonization of the Americas, and multiple working hypotheses are warranted.

Possibilities of Genetic Relationship in Northern Pacific Moiety Structures

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Viola E. Garfield
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Northern Pacific ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Moieties and/or SIBS occur in all the major culture areas of North and South America with the exception of Eskimo and Patagonia. In North America they are also lacking on the Pacific Coast from Vancouver Island to California and in all but the northern part of the Plateau. Data are incomplete for much of Argentina and Brazil and for parts of Meso-America.Many Siberian nomads are organized into patrilineal sibs or into extended families stressing the male line. The Koryak, Kamchadal and Chukchi are sibless, forming a continuous bilateral area with the Aleut and Eskimo on both sides of Bering Sea. Moieties and sibs are not characteristic of China, Japan, and Mongolia, but there is consistent stressing of the paternal line, whatever the kinship system. Patri-sibs occur in Manchuria.

scholarly journals Small Shorebirds Feast On Green Slime To Fuel Their Long Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie A. Hall ◽  
Susan E. W. De La Cruz ◽  
Isa Woo ◽  
Tomohiro Kuwae ◽  
David M. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Important Food ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Shorebirds wade in shallow waters along shorelines searching for food. More than a million shorebirds visit the San Francisco Estuary each year during their migration to feast on the insects, worms, clams, and crabs that live on or under the surface of the sand or mud. The abundant food in the Estuary provides shorebirds with the energy they need to migrate thousands of kilometers, between their breeding areas in the Arctic and their wintering areas along the Pacific coast of North and South America. Scientists have discovered that, during migration, small species of shorebirds eat a green slime called biofilm that grows on the surface of the mud. Larger shorebirds do not eat biofilm. This article describes how the bills and tongues of small shorebirds help them eat biofilm, what biofilm is, and why biofilm is an important food for those birds during migration.

An equilibrium model of Pacific Rim trade in small softwood logs

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1006
Author(s):  
Donald F. Flora
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Export Supply ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Small, lower-graded logs, corresponding roughly to British Columbia's grade 4 sawlogs, make up about 44% of all Pacific Rim softwood log trade, or about 35% of total trade in coniferous sawn wood and roundwood. The 1983 small-log volume of 9 000 m3 is expected to grow to 12 300 m3 in 1990, to 14 000 m3 in 1995, and to be accompanied by a 13% rise in prices at Pacific Coast docks during this decade. Prices of small logs are projected to be level during the early 1990s. This analysis was performed with an equilibrium model of the log economies of each supplying and consuming nation around the Pacific Ocean. Individual export supply and import demand functions were summed to a classical market solution, with reference to free alongside ship prices along the western shores of North and South America. Key assumptions are constant exchange rates and secularly stable economies.

Pyrenocollema Elegans, A New Marine Lichen

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Santesson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

AbstractPyrenocollema elegans sp. nov., a widespread lichen on the Atlantic coast of Europe and the Pacific coast of North and South America, is distinguished from other members of the genus by a thallus bearing numerous black ridges and warts.

The Edinburgh Companion to Virginia Woolf and Contemporary Global Literature

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
North And South

This book considers the global responses Woolf’s work has inspired and her worldwide impact. The 23 chapters address the ways Woolf is received by writers, publishers, academics, reading audiences, and students in countries around the world; how she is translated into multiple languages; and how her life is transformed into global contemporary biofiction. The 24 authors hail from regions around the world: West and East Europe, the Middle East/North Africa, North and South America, East Asia and the Pacific Islands. They write about Woolf’s reception in Ireland, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Russia, Egypt, Kenya, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, the United States, China, Japan and Australia. The Edinburgh Companion is dialogic and comparative, incorporating both transnational and local tendencies insofar as they epitomise Woolf’s global reception and legacy. It contests the ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ binary, offering new models for Woolf global studies and promoting cross-cultural understandings.

scholarly journals The Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Language History ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Child Language Acquisition ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Every language has a way of saying how one knows what one is talking about, and what one thinks about what one knows. In some languages, one always has to specify the information source on which it is based—whether the speaker saw the event, or heard it, or inferred it based on something seen or on common sense, or was told about it by someone else. This is the essence of evidentiality, or grammatical marking of information source—an exciting category loved by linguists, journalists, and the general public. This volume provides a state-of-the art view of evidentiality in its various guises, their role in cognition and discourse, child language acquisition, language contact, and language history, with a specific focus on languages which have grammatical evidentials, including numerous languages from North and South America, Eurasia and the Pacific, and also Japanese, Korean, and signed languages.

Pacific and Asiatic Doctrines Akin to the Monroe Doctrine

1915 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-817
Author(s):  
Albert Bushnell Hart
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Monroe Doctrine ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Mind ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The late Professor Edward Bourne, of Yale, used to say that the Philippine Islands were attached to the Spanish West Indies till after 1823, and therefore it ought to be presumed that Monroe intended his doctrine to apply to that Asiatic archipelago. The quip leads the mind to the important fact that the relations of the Pacific Coast of America, the Pacific Ocean, and the nations of Asia, are all bound together. The first Asiatic trade went from Philadelphia, Boston, Providence, and other Atlantic ports via the Northwest Coast to China. The relation of the original Monroe Doctrine to Oregon is familiar to all students of the Monroe Doctrine. It is curious that the objection to “colonization” which was intended to block the way of Russia, has been applied almost entirely to the West Indies and the eastern coast of North and South America. The clause in Monroe’s declaration had little to do with the process by which the United States came to have a Pacific front.

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