Rapid micropropagation of Calabrian pine from primary and secondary buds on shoot explants

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar A. Abdullah ◽  
John Grace ◽  
Michael M. Yeoman
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Cytokinin Level ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Calabrian Pine

Axillary shoot production was achieved in 6 weeks using excised shoot explants of Pinusbrutia Ten. on a modified Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing cytokinin. Primary shoots arose from existing axillary buds and secondary buds arose from bases of the primary shoots. Their production could be increased by regulating the cytokinin level and by surgical removal of apical buds from the cultured explants. However, the best performance was achieved with a low level of 6-benzylaminopurine (3 × 10−6 M) or a mixture of 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin (10−6 M of each). Subsequent transfer to a cytokinin-free medium resulted on average in the production of 43 shoots per cultured explant and up to 67 shoots per clone within 12 weeks. When the primary shoots, which had already produced one crop of secondary shoots, were maintained under conditions favourable for shoot production, a doubling in number was obtained within 4–6 weeks. To encourage further elongation, newly formed shoots were incubated for 2 weeks on a cytokinin-free medium to which 1% activated charcoal was added. The time taken with this method was much shorter than with other published methods and is, therefore, likely to be important for the vegetative propagation and multiplication of selected seedlings of this species.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Members of the Cactaceae Subtribe Cactinae

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Clayton ◽  
John F. Hubstenberger ◽  
Gregory C. Phillips ◽  
S. Ann Butler-Nance
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Basal Media ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Shoot Tip Explants

Micropropagation of 11 rare or endangered cacti species belonging to the subtribe Cactinae was achieved by rooting of proliferated axillary shoots. Shoot tip explants were obtained from seedlings of Escobaria missouriensis D.R. Hunt, E. robbinsorum (Earle) D.R. Hunt, Sclerocactus spinosior (Engelm.) Woodruff & L. Benson, and Toumeya papyracantha (Engelm.) Br. & Rose, and from mature plants of Mammillaria wrightii Engelm., Pediocactus bradyi L. Benson, P. despainii Welsh & Goodrich, P. knowltonii L. Benson, P. paradinei B.W. Benson, P. winkleri Heil, and S. mesae-verdae (Boissevain) L. Benson. Three or four species were used in each of a series of experiments investigating the effects of basal media and auxin and cytokinin types and concentrations on axillary shoot proliferation. Low or no auxin but moderate to high cytokinin concentrations were required for axillary shoot production. All species rooted spontaneously on hormone-free media; however, several species rooted better on media containing auxin. All species were re-established in the greenhouse.

Vegetative Propagation of Species of Genus Allium L.

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
Rina Kamenetsky
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Arid Conditions

The genus Allium L. consists of about 500 species in the Northern hemisphere and includes a large number of useful plants. The highly variable underground organs of Allium species - rhizomes and bulbs - have the function of storing food and moisture in severe environmental conditions. Their other very important function - vegetative reproduction and propagation - increases the chances of survival and supports the genetic stability of natural populations. Among about 40 species studied, 5 types of vegetative reproduction and propagation are distinguishable. The formation of apical buds, daughter bulblets, stolons and apomictic bulblets in the inflorescense have been observed. There is possibly some connection between vegetative propagation, morphological type and life cycle. The process of evolution within the genus and the migration of species to arid conditions lead possibly to the appearance in phylogenesis of prevalence of seminal reproduction over vegetative propagation.

scholarly journals INCREASED SHOOT PROLIFERATION OF APPLES CO-CULTIVATED WITH AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 661a-661
Author(s):  
F.A. Hammerschlag ◽  
R.H. Zimmerman ◽  
A.C. Smigocki
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Putative Transformants ◽  
Proliferation Medium ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Different Levels

`McIntosh' apple shoots were inoculated in vitro with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain tms328::Tn5 (tms) carrying a functional cytokinin gene. Callus tissue, removed from the infected stems, produced shoots on shoot proliferation medium. After three subcultures, axillary shoot production from a tms-infected putative transformant was eight times that of controls. Subsequent shoot production on three different levels of BA (3, 6 and 10 uM) was significantly greater than from controls on all levels of BA. PCR analysis of putative transformants revealed an expected 503 bp DNA fragment corresponding to the amplified portion of the cytokinin gene. After 6 months of in vitro propagation, proliferation rates of shoots obtained from the original transformants were similar to the controls and the expected PCR fragment of 503 bp could only be detected by Southern analysis. Even though the T-DNA appears to be lost from the apple genome, the data suggest that the tms strain may be useful in co-infection experiments to induce shoot formation, thus avoiding difficult regeneration procedures.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Muscadine Grape by Axillary Shoot Proliferation

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Lee ◽  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein
Keyword(s):  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Better Than

Plantlets were recovered from axillary bud cultures of muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia, `Summit'). Nodal segments 0.5 to 1.0 cm long were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 5, 10, 20, or 40 μm BA. Best total shoot production was obtained with 10 μm BA; with higher BA levels, shoots were unexpanded and exhibited high mortalities. MS medium supplemented with IBA enhanced rooting by increasing rooting percentage and number per plantlet. Shoots previously proliferated on medium with 5 μm BA rooted significantly better than those multiplied on 10 μM BA. Shoot vigor during rooting was greater in shoots proliferated on 5 vs. 10 μm BA. Root development was not significantly affected by liquid vs. agar-solidifted medium or shoot length. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purin-6-amine (BA), 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals Multiple Shoot Production In Vitro of the Tropical Timber Tree, Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa Linn.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Liew ◽  
C.K.H. Teo
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Timber Tree

Axillary buds from 5-month-old seedlings of Azadirachta excelsa Linn. were surface-sterilized twice with 1.35% (m/v) and 1.05% (m/v) of sodium hypochlorite for 25 and 15 minutes, respectively, before culturing on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing combinations of BA and NAA. A combination of 4.4 μM BA + 0.5 μM NAA induced the most axillary buds to grow (eight per explant). Subsequent proliferation of the micropropagated shoots on this medium yielded abnormal shoots. The best medium for maximum proliferation of these micropropagated shoots contained 3.3 μM BA and 0.27 μM NAA. On this medium about four normal shoots were produced per explant. These findings indicate that two different media are needed for successful micropropagation of sentang. Chemical names used: N6-benzylaminopurine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase-Mediated nitric oxide affects axillary buds outgrowth of solanum lycopersicum L. by regulating auxin and cytokinin signaling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Yan ◽  
Qinghua Shi ◽  
Biao Gong
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
No Signaling

Abstract Auxin and cytokinin are two kinds of important phytohormones that mediate outgrowth of axillary buds in plants. How nitric oxide and its regulator of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) taking part in auxin and cytokinin signaling for controlling axillary buds outgrowth remains elusive. We explained roles of GSNOR during tomato axillary buds outgrowth by physiological, biochemical and genetic approach. GSNOR negatively regulated NO homeostasis. Suppression of GSNOR promoted axillary buds outgrowth via inhibiting the expression of FZY in both apical and axillary buds. Meanwhile, AUX1 and PIN1 were down-regulated in apical buds but up-regulated in axillary buds in GSNOR-suppressed plants. Thus, reduced IAA accumulation was shown in both apical buds and axillary buds of GSNOR-suppressed plants. GSNOR-mediated changes of NO and auxin affected cytokinin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. And a decreased ratio of auxin: cytokinin was shown in axillary buds of GSNOR-suppressed plants, leading to buds dormancy breaking. We also found that the original NO signaling was generated by nitrate reductase (NR) catalyzing nitrate as substrate. NR-mediated NO reduced the GSNOR activity through S-nitrosylation of Cys-10, then induced a further NO burst, which played the above roles to promote axillary buds outgrowth. Together, GSNOR-mediated NO played important roles in controlling axillary buds outgrowth via altering the homeostasis and signaling of auxin and cytokinin in tomato plants.

scholarly journals Cotyledonary Axillary Shoot Control by Fatty Alcohol Application for Grafting Tomato

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
Tomomi Eguchi ◽  
Chieri Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
High Concentrations

In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), grafting position is recommended to be below rootstock cotyledons to avoid undesirable axillary shoots growing out from the cotyledons. In contrast, grafting above the rootstock cotyledons is desired to assure adequate distance between grafted union and soil line, only if there is no potential grow-out of axillary shoots from rootstock cotyledons. The objective of this preliminary study was to examine fatty alcohol application on cotyledonary axils of tomato seedlings to control undesirable axillary shoot extension from rootstock in tomato grafting. Solution containing various concentrations of a commercial fatty alcohol compound was applied to different growing stages of cotyledonary axillary shoots (nonextended buds or extended shoots) of tomato seedlings grown in a greenhouse. When fatty alcohol was applied directly to cotyledonary axillary buds, the seedlings were then pinched to force-induce the axillary shoot extension to assure the efficacy of the fatty alcohol treatment. High concentrations (10% and 15%) of fatty alcohol suppressed incidence of axillary shoot extension to less than 7% by killing buds. However, when applied to extended axillary shoots, application with 2% or higher concentrations of fatty alcohol caused plant collapse because excess fatty alcohol flowed down the stem and presumably damaged the root system. Therefore, we concluded that application of fatty alcohol to control cotyledonary axillary shoots of tomato rootstock could be possible only if fatty alcohol at effective concentration (10% to 15%) is applied exclusively to the target buds.

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