Effect of soil salinity on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis of green ash (Fraxinuspennsylvanica)

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Pezeshki ◽  
J. L. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Four Levels

Seedlings of green ash (Fraxinuspennsylvanica Marsh.) were subjected to four levels of salt water ranging from approximately seawater concentration to one-tenth the concentration of seawater to simulate a temporary intrusion of salt water in coastal areas and brine spills associated with oil-drilling activities. The effect of saltwater influx on subsequent stomatal behaviour and net photosynthesis was studied. Stomatal conductance was reduced up to 72% and net photosynthesis declined by as much as 86% in response to the application of saline water. Both responses were rapid and occurred shortly after treatment. In addition to substantial declines in stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis, plant water potential also declined after treatment. All levels of salt application resulted in leaf injury and the two highest concentrations caused rapid seedling mortality. The results of this study indicate that green ash seedlings are extremely sensitive to soil salinity and will not survive either saltwater intrusion or brine spills associated with oil-drilling activities. Potential long-term effects are discussed.

Gas exchange characteristics of bald cypress (Taxodiumdistichum L.): evaluation of responses to leaf aging, flooding, and salinity

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1394-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Pezeshki ◽  
R. D. DeLaune ◽  
W. H. Patrick Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Salt Water Intrusion ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Bald Cypress ◽  
Leaf Aging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

Bald cypress (Taxodiumdistichum L.) seedlings were subjected to flooding with saline water containing 0 to 8 parts per thousand (137 mequiv. L−1 NaCl) under controlled environment conditions. Imposition of flooding and salinity stresses was designed to simulate the increase in submergence and salinity level which Louisiana's extensive cypress forests are currently experiencing as a result of rapid subsidence. The effect of flooding and salt water intrusion on subsequent stomatal behaviour and net photosynthesis for leaves developed before and after salt exposure were measured. Flooding and salinity resulted in a substantial decrease in stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis in both young and old leaves. Leaf aging did not significantly affect stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Only plants flooded with freshwater and those flooded with low salinity concentration produced new leaves with improved stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis, which suggests some stomatal and photosynthetic acclimation to flooding and low salinity for bald cypress. Increase in salinity, however, caused more extensive impact and greater reductions of stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis in both leaf ages.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. E3113
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

scholarly journals Physiological Indicators in Two Lettuce Cultivars Under Saline Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Dantas de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Torres Carneiro ◽  
Maria Claudjane Jerônimo Leite Alves ◽  
Thayse Valéria e Silva ◽  
Gilberto da Cruz Gouveia Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Osmotic Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Green Index

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is considered as the main leafy vegetable in Brazil. In the last decades, there had been many changes in the predominant varietal types in the country, however, issues regarding the use of saline water inhibit the growth by the osmotic effect. The aim of this study is avaliate the effect of water salinity on physiological in lettuce cultivars. The experiment was carried out at the Alagoas Federal University, Arapiraca Campus, in a completely randomized design and with a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with six replications. Five treatments of water salinity levels were analyzed (ECw: 0.14, 1.54, 2.94, 4.34, and 5.74 dS m-1 at 25 °C) in two types of lettuce crops (Saia Véia and Vitoria Verdinha). Stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, leaf temperature, and green index were assessed at 10, 20, and 30 days after the application of the treatments. The saline stress caused by the increase in saline concentrations decreased the photosynthesis and transpiration rates, which were associated with the reduction of stomatal conductance in both cultivars. Nevertheless, Saia Véia cultivar was higher tolerance in all tested saline levels compared to Vitória Verdinha. The green index for Vitoria Verdinha was seven times higher when compared to Saia Véia from the lowest to the highest saline levels. The cultivars differ in salt sensitivity, which could be useful for producers to choose the cultivar that is most adapted to the region and breeders regarding improvement prospects for adaptation of the lettuce under saline stress. In addition to osmotic stress, which is the first to happen, there are others.

INFLUENCE DE L’ENRICHISSEMENT CARBONÉ ET DE SON MODE DE DISTRIBUTION SUR L’ÉVOLUTION DES ÉCHANGES GAZEUX DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DUGAL ◽  
S. YELLE ◽  
A. GOSSELIN
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Échanges Gazeux ◽  
Very High

Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and transpiration were measured on the fifth well-developed and excised leaf of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vedettos’) 48–83 d old. These measurements were taken in order to monitor the evolution of the gas exchanges of seedlings exposed to concentrations of 330 or 1000 ppm, continuously, to 1000 ppm from 06: 00 h to 10: 00 h or to 1000 and 330 ppm alternately every 2 h. CO2 enrichment substantially increased the net photosynthesis rate of the seedlings, particularly at the beginning of the experiment. The long-term effects of CO2 enrichment subsided after a few weeks of treatment. Intermittent CO2 enrichment is partially helpful in remedying the loss of effectiveness of the CO2 after a long period of enrichment. High CO2 concentrations reduced the opening of the stomata. Our work shows that maintaining a high internal CO2 content in the leaves would indirectly reduce the stomatal conductance of the seedlings. However, our results show that the long-term loss of photosynthetic efficiency in the enriched seedlings cannot be attributed solely to an increase in the resistance of the stomata, since the internal CO2 concentration of the leaves remains very high regardless of which method of CO2 enrichment is used. Continuous CO2 enrichment improved the water uptake efficiency of the seedlings.Key words: Carbon dioxide, intermittent enrichment, gas exchanges, tomato, greenhouse, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological responses of table beet irrigated with saline water under application of humic substances

2021 ◽  
pp. 970-976
Author(s):  
Leandra de Melo Cavalcante Sousa ◽  
Thiago Jardelino Dias ◽  
Lunara de Sousa Alves ◽  
Mário Leno Martins Véras ◽  
Ygor Henrique Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Internal Concentration ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The use of saline water is an alternative for irrigating agricultural crops, especially in the Brazilian Northeastern semi-arid region, where water quality is limited in most cases. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of table beet cv. “Wonder” irrigated with saline waters under the application of humic substances. The experiment was conducted under a randomized block design, with six replications in a 6 x 4 x 5 factorial scheme, referring to six electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw): 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5; 4.5 and 5.5 dS m-¹, four humic substances rates (HS) (0; 10; 20 and 30 ml per plant), and five stages of assessment (23, 38, 53, 68 and 83 days after emergency). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content (a, b and total), stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis and CO2 internal concentration, and in the soil, the soil pH and the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract. The increase of salinity reduced growth, chlorophyll a content, and the stomatal conductance of beet plants. The application rate of 30 ml per plant of humic substances promotes an increase in stomatal conductance. The application of humic substances raises the pH in sandy acidic soils. It is recommended to irrigate table beet plants with water of 0.5 dS m-1 associated with the application of 30 mL per plant of humic substances

scholarly journals Agronomic and physiological response of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to soil salinity

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Di Mola ◽  
Gianpiero Guida ◽  
Carmela Mistretta ◽  
Pasquale Giorio ◽  
Rossella Albrizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Arundo Donax L

The soil salinity increase in the Mediterranean basin is one of the consequences of the climate change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptability of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to salinity, in conditions of higher temperatures, in order to hypothesise the future use of giant reed under these conditions. The trial was carried out in pots under a permanent metal structure, open on the sides and with a clear PE on the top. Four levels of soil salinity in the range 3.3-15.5 dS m–1 were imposed. The stem number of the most stressed treatment was about 45% lower than the control and also the stem height was lower than in all other treatments. The green and yellow leaf number decreased as the soil salinity increased, and their sum was significantly lower in the two most stressed treatments. Osmotic potential of the leaf sap was not affected by salinity. Leaf water potential and stomatal conduc- conductance in the saline treatments were lower than in the control. tance Assimilation rate showed similar pattern of stomatal conductance. Intrinsic WUE remained almost stable until July and increased during August under the most stressful conditions. PSII photochemistry was not affected by soil salinity. Biomass yield was not different from the control until to soil ECe 12.0 dS m–1: only the most stressed treatment (15.5 dS m–1) caused yield losses (50%). Tolerance threshold to salinity was 11.2 dS m–1 and the relative yield losses were 11.6% per dS m–1.

scholarly journals Effects of water salinity and organomineral fertilization on leaf composition and production in Passiflora edulis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
José T. A. Souza ◽  
Járisson C. Nunes ◽  
Lourival F. Cavalcante ◽  
Juliete A. da S. Nunes ◽  
Walter E. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Leaf Composition ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

ABSTRACT An experiment was undertaken in Remígio County, Paraíba State, Brazil, from July 2013 to May 2014, in order to evaluate the effects of saline water irrigation, bovine biofertilizer, and potassium type on soil salinity, leaf macronutrient composition, and production of yellow passion fruit cv. BRS Gigante Amarelo. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with reference to electrical conductivity of the water (0.35 and 4.00 dS m-1), soil with and without bovine biofertilizer, and application of potassium chloride as a conventional treatment (KCl) and in an organic polymer-coated form, supplied monthly. Bovine biofertilizer was diluted in non-saline water (proportion, 50%) and applied via water at a volume of 6 L plant-1 one day before transplanting, and then every 90 days. The combination of saline water with bovine biofertilizer raised soil salinity to a similar proportion when comparing saline water and conventional potassium chloride with saline water and polymer-coated potassium chloride. The increase in water saline concentrations associated with both types of potassium chloride and with bovine biofertilizer elevated soil salinity from non-saline to saline. On starting to flower, plants of cv. BRS Gigante Amarelo were deficient in macronutrients other than nitrogen and potassium, but nonetheless produced fruits of an adequate mass for the consumer market.

scholarly journals Growth and gas exchange of corn under salt stress and nitrogen doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Henderson C. Sousa ◽  
Geocleber G. de Sousa ◽  
Carla I. N. Lessa ◽  
Antonio F. da S. Lima ◽  
Rute M. R. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The University

ABSTRACT The excess of salts can affect several processes in the crops, and nitrogen (N) can attenuate the depressive effect of salinity. The objective was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen doses on the growth and gas exchange of corn crop irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2019 at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, CE, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (supply water of 0.3 dS m-1 and saline solution of 3.0 dS m-1) and three nitrogen doses, 0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1, corresponding to 0, 50, and 100% of the recommended dose respectively, with six repetitions. At 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Saline stress affects plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 provide greater performance in plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The use of low salinity water and doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 were more efficient in terms of plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 45 DAS. The dose of 160 kg ha-1 of N attenuates the harmful effects of salts in AG 1051 hybrid maize plants, providing higher values of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance at 45 DAS when irrigated with water of 3.0 dS m-1.

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