scholarly journals Physiological Indicators in Two Lettuce Cultivars Under Saline Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Marcos Antonio Dantas de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Torres Carneiro ◽  
Maria Claudjane Jerônimo Leite Alves ◽  
Thayse Valéria e Silva ◽  
Gilberto da Cruz Gouveia Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Osmotic Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Green Index

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is considered as the main leafy vegetable in Brazil. In the last decades, there had been many changes in the predominant varietal types in the country, however, issues regarding the use of saline water inhibit the growth by the osmotic effect. The aim of this study is avaliate the effect of water salinity on physiological in lettuce cultivars. The experiment was carried out at the Alagoas Federal University, Arapiraca Campus, in a completely randomized design and with a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with six replications. Five treatments of water salinity levels were analyzed (ECw: 0.14, 1.54, 2.94, 4.34, and 5.74 dS m-1 at 25 °C) in two types of lettuce crops (Saia Véia and Vitoria Verdinha). Stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, leaf temperature, and green index were assessed at 10, 20, and 30 days after the application of the treatments. The saline stress caused by the increase in saline concentrations decreased the photosynthesis and transpiration rates, which were associated with the reduction of stomatal conductance in both cultivars. Nevertheless, Saia Véia cultivar was higher tolerance in all tested saline levels compared to Vitória Verdinha. The green index for Vitoria Verdinha was seven times higher when compared to Saia Véia from the lowest to the highest saline levels. The cultivars differ in salt sensitivity, which could be useful for producers to choose the cultivar that is most adapted to the region and breeders regarding improvement prospects for adaptation of the lettuce under saline stress. In addition to osmotic stress, which is the first to happen, there are others.

scholarly journals Water potential and gas exchanges in sugarcane irrigated with saline waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 679-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquele M. de Lira ◽  
Ênio F. de F. e Silva ◽  
Marcone da S. Barros ◽  
Leandro C. Gordin ◽  
Lilia G. Willadino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT In Pernambuco, state in the northeastern region of Brazil, in the coastal areas, due to the intrusion of seawater, the waters used for sugarcane irrigation can have high salt contents and cause serious problems to soil and plant. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water on the physiology of sugarcane, variety RB867515, irrigated under five salinity levels of 0.5; 2.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1 in a completely randomized design, with four replicates in drainage lysimeters. The study was conducted in the period from December 2014 to June 2015, at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). Salinity levels were obtained by dissolving NaCl and CaCl2 in water from the local supply system (ECw = 0.5 dS m-1). Leaves were analyzed for stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis at 140, 229 and 320 days after planting (DAP) and for water potential at 137, 243 and 318 DAP. Increase in irrigation water salinity inhibited all variables at the respective plant ages and with greater intensity in the first evaluations (140 and 229 DAP) for stomatal conductance and transpiration. Photosynthesis and water potential showed the greatest linear reductions at the last data collection (320 and 318 DAP), respectively. Increase in salinity of irrigation water hampered water potential and gas exchange in the leaves of RB867515 sugarcane.

scholarly journals Irrigation with saline water in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in a soil with bovine biofertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geocleber G. de Sousa ◽  
Valdécio dos S. Rodrigues ◽  
Stallone da C. Soares ◽  
Ítalo N. Damasceno ◽  
Jamili N. Fiusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

ABSTRACT Salinity is a complex phenomenon that affects the metabolic processes of the plant, changing the physiological and biochemical parameters. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on growth, biomass and gas exchanges in soybean crop in soil with and without biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Agrometeorological Station of the UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, from May to June 2016. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to the levels of irrigation water salinity: 0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil without and with bovine biofertilizer, in five replicates. The following variables were evaluated: growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf area), biomass (leaf, root and total dry matter) and gas exchanges (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Irrigation water salinity reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, but with less intensity in the plants that received bovine biofertilizer. The aerobically fermented bovine biofertilizer attenuates saline stress on the initial growth and biomass of soybean plants.

scholarly journals Saline Water, Pit Coating and Calcium Fertilization on Chlorophyll, Fluorescence, Gas Exchange and Production in Passion Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Marlene A. F. Bezerra ◽  
Lourival F. Cavalcante ◽  
Francisco T. C. Bezerra ◽  
Aldeir R. Silva ◽  
Flaviano F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Calcium Fertilization

In plants sensitive to salinity, such as passion fruit, irrigation with saline water can cause physiological disturbances and reduce fruit production, necessitating the use of cultural practices that mitigate saline stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water salinity, pit coating with high-strength polyethylene film, and calcium fertilization on the physiological and productive aspects of passion fruit ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’. The treatments were arranged in split plot in the scheme 2WS × (2LP × 5DC), corresponding to water salinity (0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1) as the main plot, side coating of pits (without and with) doses of calcium (0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 kg ha-1). During the flowering phase, we evaluated leaf chlorophyll indices, fluorescence kinetics, and gas exchange. The increase in calcium doses up to 60 kg ha-1 increased leaf chlorophyll and quantum efficiency. The stomata did not restrict gas exchange, but salinity resulted in reduced net photosynthesis and plant production. The lateral coating of the pits intensified the reduction in salinity-promoted production, while calcium mitigated the effects of the salts. Entisol cultivated with passion fruit should not be irrigated with saline water of 4.0 dS m-1; lateral pit coating is not advised. In an Entisol with an initial calcium level of 1.92 cmolc dm-3, the recommended application dose is 60 kg ha-1 for passion fruit cultivation.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological characteristics of okra plants submitted to saline stress in soil with organic fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3241
Author(s):  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Andreza de Melo Mendonça ◽  
Jonnathan Richeds da Silva Sales ◽  
Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior ◽  
João Gutemberg Leite Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels

The excess of salts may compromise the growth and physiological functions of plants, but the use of bovine organic fertilizer can mitigate these effects. It was intended was to evaluate the saline stress in soil with and without bovine organic fertilizer on the initial growth, the accumulation of biomass and the gas exchanges of the okra culture. The test was conducted at the UNILAB’s experimental farm, in Piroás, in Redenção – CE city. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with five replications, in a 5 x 2 factorial concerning five irrigation water salinity levels (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1), in the presence and absence of bovine organic fertilizer. Plant height, stem diameter, root length, a dry mass of shoot, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated. The bovine organic fertilizer promoted better means in initial growth and biomass in okra plants compared to the control treatment, thus showing efficiency in the attenuation of the salts present in irrigation water. The increase in the saline concentration of the irrigation water reduced the gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) in okra plants. Nonetheless, in smaller proportions in the soil with the bovine organic fertilizer.

scholarly journals Initial Development of Safflower Submitted to Irrigation Water Salinity Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
William Fenner ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽  
Túlio Santos Martinez ◽  
Thiago Henrique Ferreira Matos Castañon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Plant Emergence

Safflower cultivation is an alternative to tropical cropping systems, with a good rusticity and some tolerance to saline stress in some cultivars. With the increase of irrigated areas around the world, salinization of the soil is an inherent concern, being the management of irrigation and cultivated species fundamental. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and initial development of safflower culture submitted to irrigation water salinity levels. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design consisting of five irrigation water salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) and six replications. The saline solution was prepared using NaCl and measured with a conductivity meter. Plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter at 26 and 41 days after emergence, and shoot dry weight were evaluated; root volume; root dry mass; total dry mass and dry root/shoot mass ratio at 41 days after plant emergence. There was no visual influence of salinity levels in the evaluations at 26 days after plant emergence. However, 41 days after plant emergence, the increase in salinity levels promoted a decrease in all analyzed variables, except for root volume. Safflower does not tolerate irrigation with saline water. The damages occur from 2 dS m-1, but the largest reductions in the initial development of safflower occur from 6 to 8 dS m-1.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF FORAGE PEAR VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT WATER SALINITY LEVELS

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Carolina das Chagas Silva ◽  
ADEMIR SILVA MENEZES ◽  
Marcio Facundo Aragão ◽  
Luí Gonzaga Pinheiro Neto ◽  
Francisco José Carvalho Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Small Variety ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of water salinity in the development of two varieties of cactus pear (Opuntia and Nopalea). The spineless cactus is native from Mexico, but nowadays can be found in many places throughout the world. The experiment was performed at the Federal Institute of Ceará – IFCE/Campus Sobral. The experimental design was a randomized factorial 5 x 2, with five levels of salinity in the irrigation water (0.0; 5.0; 10; 15 and 20 dS m-1) and two varieties of cactus pear Small or sweet (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dick) and ‘elephants ear’ (Opuntia sp) with four replications. Variables studied were: plant height (cm), length and circumference of the paddle (cm), cladode thickness (cm) fresh weight (g) and dry weight (g). The variety “elephants’ ear” is more suitable for cultivation under irrigation with saline water, because it presented a better vegetative performance compared to the small variety, being more tolerant to saline stress in different levels of salinity. The effect of the interaction between salinity and varieties showed a decrease for all variables analyzed, with reduction in forage development of palm varieties for higher salinity levels.

scholarly journals Growth and gas exchange of corn under salt stress and nitrogen doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Henderson C. Sousa ◽  
Geocleber G. de Sousa ◽  
Carla I. N. Lessa ◽  
Antonio F. da S. Lima ◽  
Rute M. R. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The University

ABSTRACT The excess of salts can affect several processes in the crops, and nitrogen (N) can attenuate the depressive effect of salinity. The objective was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen doses on the growth and gas exchange of corn crop irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2019 at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, CE, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (supply water of 0.3 dS m-1 and saline solution of 3.0 dS m-1) and three nitrogen doses, 0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1, corresponding to 0, 50, and 100% of the recommended dose respectively, with six repetitions. At 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Saline stress affects plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 provide greater performance in plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The use of low salinity water and doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 were more efficient in terms of plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 45 DAS. The dose of 160 kg ha-1 of N attenuates the harmful effects of salts in AG 1051 hybrid maize plants, providing higher values of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance at 45 DAS when irrigated with water of 3.0 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. E3113
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and growth of cotton cultivars under water salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
André A. R. da Silva ◽  
Luana L. de S. A. Veloso ◽  
Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽  
Elka C. S. Nascimento ◽  
Carlos V. de C. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Response To Water

ABSTRACT Indication of salt-tolerant cotton cultivars can make the agricultural exploitation with saline water irrigation feasible in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and growth of cotton cultivars irrigated with saline water. The study was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using a sandy loam Entisols as substrate. Treatments were distributed in completely randomized design, in 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, relative to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 dS m-1) and two cotton cultivars (BRS 368 RF and BRS Safira). Increase in irrigation water salinity inhibits the vegetative growth and gas exchanges of the cotton cultivars BRS Safira and BRS 368 RF. Leaf area and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency are the most affected variables. Physiological and growth performance of the cultivar BRS Safira in response to water salinity was higher than that of BRS 368 RF.

scholarly journals Silicon Potential as Attenuator of Salinity Effects on Growth and Post-harvest Quality of Lettuce

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Hozano De Souza Lemos Neto ◽  
Marcelo De Almeida Guimarães ◽  
Rosilene Oliveira Mesquita ◽  
Italo Marlone Gomes Sampaio ◽  
Ana Régia Alves de Araújo Hendges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Silicon (Si) is a mineral element that provides many benefits to plants and may also assist in tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salinity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Si as a possible attenuator of the deleterious effects of salinity on growth and post-harvest of lettuce. A completely randomized design with four replicates was performed in a 3 × 2 factorial, consisting of three salinity levels (1.65, 3.65, 7.65 dS m-1) and two levels of silicon (0.0 and 2.0 mM). Salinity reduced all variables related to plant growth. For shoot fresh and dry mass, it was observed that NaCl caused a reduction of 79.80 and 80%, respectively, in comparison to the control. However, parameters related to post-harvest such as titratable acidity, soluble solids and vitamin C increased with salinity. Although not effective in reducing saline stress on plant growth, Si provided improvements in the variables related to lettuce post-harvest. Salinity significantly reduced plant growth in the presence and absence of Si, but provided better post-harvest quality with Si.

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