Insitu measurements of sulfate incorporation into forest floor and soil organic matter

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Strickland ◽  
John W. Fitzgerald ◽  
Wayne T. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Field Incubation ◽  
Sulfate Incorporation

Litter and soil from a mixed mature hardwood forest were examined for the capacity to incorporate 35S-labelled sulfate into organic matter insitu. Amounts of sulfate incorporated within 48 h of field incubation were 70, 49, and 18% of added 35S per gram of substrate in the O1, O2, and A horizons, respectively. These potentials increased in the respective horizons to 74, 61 and 29% after 7 days. The incorporated 35S was predominately in the form of carbon-bonded S (17–48% of added 35S). Insitu incorporation rates exceeded rates previously estimated by laboratory incubations and the former rates showed a positive response to increase sulfate loading.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Andosols in Northern Ecuador

Radiocarbon ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke H Tonneijck ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
Jacobus M Verstraten ◽  
Henry Hooghiemstra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Organic Horizons

Volcanic ash soils (Andosols) may offer great opportunities for paleoecological studies, as suggested by their characteristic accumulation of organic matter (OM). However, understanding of the chronostratigraphy of soil organic matter (SOM) is required. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of SOM is necessary, but unfortunately not straightforward. Dating of fractions of SOM obtained by alkali-acid extraction is promising, but which fraction (humic acid or humin) renders the most accurate 14C dates is still subject to debate. To determine which fraction should be used for 14C dating of Andosols and to evaluate if the chronostratigraphy of SOM is suitable for paleoecological research, we measured 14C ages of both fractions and related calibrated ages to soil depth for Andosols in northern Ecuador. We compared the time frames covered by the Andosols with those of peat sequences nearby to provide independent evidence. Humic acid (HA) was significantly older than humin, except for the mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor (organic horizons), where the opposite was true. In peat sections, 14C ages of HA and humin were equally accurate. In the soils, calibrated ages increased significantly with increasing depth. Age inversions and homogenization were not observed at the applied sampling distances. We conclude that in Andosols lacking a thick organic horizon, dating of HA renders the most accurate results, since humin was contaminated by roots. On the other hand, in mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor, humin ages were more accurate because HA was then contaminated by younger HA illuviated from the organic horizons. Overall, the chronostratigraphy of SOM in the studied Andosols appears to be suitable for paleoecological research.

Fungal and arboreal biomass in a western Oregon Douglas-fir ecosystem: distribution patterns and turnover

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fogel ◽  
Gary Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Soil Hyphae

The allocation of biomass and the turnover time of various components were measured from August 1976 to August 1977 in a young, second-growth Douglas-fir stand in the Oregon Coast Range. Allocation of biomass among the tree components was 14 732 kg foliage ha−1, 30 455 kg branches ha−1, 212 941 kg boles ha−1, 49 289 kg nonmycorrhizal roots ha−1, and 15 015 kg host portion of mycorrhizae ha−1. Biomass allocation of fungal components was 10 009 kg mycorrhizal mantles ha−1, 2785 kg Cenococcumgeophilum sclerotia ha−1, 65 kg sporocarps ha−1, 369 kg litter hyphae ha−1, and 6666 kg soil hyphae ha−1. The forest floor was composed of 6970 kg fine (<2 mm) litter ha−1, 6564 kg coarse (2–25 mm) litter ha−1, and 5500 kg log (>25 mm) litter ha−1. Soil organic matter (<0.494 mm) was 87 600 kg ha−1. Total annual stand throughput was 30 324 kg ha−1, excluding soil organic matter throughput. Of this total, 50.5% was accounted for by fungal throughput, 39.5% by tree throughput, and 10.0% by forest floor throughput.

Availability of carbon-bonded sulfur for mineralization in forest soils

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Fitzgerald ◽  
T. L. Andrew ◽  
W. T. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Cell Respiration ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Floor Layer ◽  
General Inhibitor

The capacities of soil from hardwood, clear-cut, and pine forests of the Coweeta basin to mineralize, adsorb; and incorporate into Organic matter carbon-bonded sulfur in the form of L-methionine was investigated. These soils adsorbed and incorporated between 40 and 66% of this amino acid within a 0.5-h incubation period, but much of the immobilized sulfur was mineralized after 48 h incubation. Ah additional hardwood forest (watershed 18) was chosen for further study of the incorporation process in both litter and mineral horizons. The O2 forest floor layer exhibited the highest levels of activity in samples taken along a transect of this watershed. Incorporation of methionine into the organic matter of these samples was complete within about 12 h of incubation and was inhibited by pretreatment of the samples with sodium azide; a general inhibitor of cell respiration. The capacities for methionine incorporation determined invitro complement observations of the high levels of carbon bonded sulfur found insitu in forest litter and soil.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Forest Floor and Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Boreal, Temperate, and Tropical Forests

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Kristiina A. Vogt ◽  
Daniel J. Vogt ◽  
Sandra Brown ◽  
Joel P. Tilley ◽  
Robert L. Edmonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Organic Matter Accumulation

Controls on soil organic matter content within a northern hardwood forest

Geoderma ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 148 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer D. Johnson ◽  
Frederick N. Scatena ◽  
Arthur H. Johnson ◽  
Yude Pan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Northern Hardwood

Fungal communities in wet tropical forests: variation in time and space

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1391-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jean Lodge ◽  
Sharon Cantrell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Fresh Litter

Understanding variation in tropical forest fungal populations and communities is important for assessing fungal biodiversity, as well as for understanding the regulatory roles fungi play in tropical forests. In wet tropical forests, the canopy is typically occupied by certain wood decomposers, endophytes, epiphylls, and pathogens. Aphyllophoraceous canopy fungi are a subset of species found in the understory. Marasmioid agarics in the understory often form extensive networks of rhizomorphs that trap litter; these and other aerial species are rare on the forest floor. Decomposers are stratified within the forest floor, with some species colonizing only fresh litter, others preferring decomposed litter, and others restricted to soil organic matter. Specificity to particular host substrates is frequent among tropical forest litter decomposers and contributes to spatial heterogeneity in fungal communities over the landscape. Litter basidiomycete and microfungal communities in patches of 1 m2 or less do not significantly resemble communities in similar patches located at distances greater than 100 m. Disturbances induce changes in the environment and the abundance of different substrates, resulting in changes in fungal communities through time, and variation over the landscape. Severe disturbances, as well as the slight daily variations in rainfall, profoundly affect populations of fungal decomposers and their influence on plant nutrient availability. Key words: fungi, tropical forests, diversity, stratification, spatial variation, temporal variation.

Transport of Carbon and Nitrogen Between Litter and Soil Organic Matter in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Ecosystems ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Fahey ◽  
Joseph B. Yavitt ◽  
Ruth E. Sherman ◽  
Peter M. Groffman ◽  
Melany C. Fisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Northern Hardwood
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document