Evaluating growth responses to fertilization

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Auchmoody
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Nutrient Effects ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Area Response

When fertilizers increase radial growth rates, they also increase the diameter of trees that will be used to compute future basal area responses. If the mean basal area growth per tree is computed for fertilized trees that are larger than the unfertilized trees, the length of time that fertilizers directly affect growth can be overestimated. In this paper, a model that describes mean basal area responses per tree over time as a function of direct nutrient effects and indirect tree-size effects is suggested. Application of the model to a uniform field fertilization experiment shows that after the 1st year, some or all of the average basal area response of individual trees is due to the difference in size between fertilized and unfertilized trees. To evaluate direct fertilizer responses properly, mean basal area growth per tree must be adjusted for the unequal size of fertilized and unfertilized trees.

Derivation of a competitive index for individual trees from seasonal growth patterns

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Smith ◽  
David R. M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Competitive Index ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Individual Trees

A competitive index for lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) trees in central Oregon is developed from seasonal basal area growth and an indirect estimator of foliar leaf area. Differences in seasonal basal area growth and the ratio of basal area growth to sapwood basal area between trees with and without neighbors are used to document growth reductions owing to the proximity of competing individuals. A regression between basal area growth and sapwood basal area (an estimator of leaf area) is used as a predictor of maximum potential basal area growth for trees growing free of competition. The competitive index is determined as the ratio of actual to potential basal area growth for individual trees. This index standardizes growth against differences in tree size and site conditions. Plant and soil water relations are considered as possible mechanisms of competitive interaction. Moderate minimum seasonal values of predawn leaf pressure potentials (−0.76 to −0.92 MPa) and minor differences between trees in different competitive classes led to the conclusion that soil water may not be the primary mechanism of competition on this site.

Growth responses to commercial thinning in Douglas-fir stands with varying severity of Swiss needle cast in Oregon, USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2394-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B Mainwaring ◽  
Douglas A Maguire ◽  
Alan Kanaskie ◽  
Jeff Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Swiss Needle Cast

Concern has risen about the degree to which Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands with severe infections of Swiss needle cast (SNC) respond to thinning. A retrospective study was established in the fall of 2001 to assess the growth of Douglas-fir stands that were commercially thinned between 4 and 10 years ago. Current SNC infection levels in these stands ranged from severe to very light. Past volume and basal area growth declined with increasing severity of SNC, as measured by current foliage retention and crown length / sapwood ratio. As has been observed in many other studies, thinning to lower residual stock reduced stand level growth; however, individual tree growth increased with lower residual stand density. The ratio of growth in successive periods and analysis of annual basal area growth since thinning suggested that trees did respond to thinning, although less so as SNC increased. A positive response to thinning, regardless of infection level, was confirmed by an analysis of annual trends in basal area growth over the first 5 years after thinning.

Response of young black cherry stands to fertilization

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Auchmoody
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

Twenty fertilizer treatments of different rates and combinations of N, P, and K were established in young black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.) stands that originated after clear-cutting in northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Height, diameter, and basal area growth rates and foliar nutrient composition were evaluated annually for 5 years thereafter. Nitrogen alone and P in combination with N produced large increases in height, diameter, and basal area growth. The addition of K to N + P treatments produced no additional response. Growth responses were largest during the first 2 years after fertilization, with increases in height and diameter lasting for 4 to 5 years. In year 1, maximum growth rates were reached with 112 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha, but 224 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha were necessary to sustain responses in following years. Both seedling and sapling stands responded to fertilization with similar absolute annual increases in height and diameter, though absolute basal area response of saplings exceeded that of seedlings owing to large differences in pretreatment diameters. Nitrogen fertilization increased average foliar N from 2.51 to 3.94% in year 1, but this concentration declined sharply thereafter and was at the control level by year 4. Phosphorus fertilization increased average foliar P from 0.12 to 0.21% in year 1, with further increases through year 5. Potassium fertilization increased average foliar K from 1.01 to 1.21% over the 5-year period, though there was considerable year-to-year variation.

scholarly journals The characteristics of diameter growth and increment of introduced North American ash species at the sites of common alder

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
D. Kremer ◽  
J. Čavlović ◽  
I. Anić
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Individual Trees

Research was conducted into diameter growth and increment of introduced American ash species at the sites of common alder (Alnus glutinosa[L.] Gaertn.) in three mixed stands of introduced ash and common alder in the lowland part of Croatia. About 10 samples of increment cores of each species were taken from trees in the diameter class of the mean basal area. In the process, an attempt was made to reach the centre of the trees with the purpose of getting an insight into the development of the trees over a long period, i.e. from the moment when the trees reached breast height. The increment cores were analysed by measuring the width of each individual ring to the tenth of the millimetre. Bark thickness was also measured. The results obtained from the analysis of the increment cores yielded trends of ring widths for individual trees as well as trends of the average ring widths for each species within a locality. On the basis of the increment core analysis, parts of the diameter growth curve of the mean stand tree were obtained. The increment curve of mean stand diameter was obtained by deriving the growth curve of mean stand diameter. Introduced ash was found to have average ring widths from 0.92 to 4.21 mm. The measured minimal and maximal values of ring widths in total were 0.2 and 6.5 mm, respectively. Consequently, introduced ash may have significantly large ring widths in conditions of prolonged flooding as well. Therefore, its pioneering role is not irrelevant at poor sites naturally inhabited by common alder. The average ring width of introduced ash is the highest up to the age of 30 years, after which it retains the value of 2 mm or less. In common alder, the average ring width in the studied stand ranged from 1.40 to 4.59 mm. The measured minimal and maximal values of ring widths in total were 0.4 and 7.0 mm, respectively. A comparison of average ring widths of introduced ash and common alder revealed that in Draganić locality common alder had a statistically significantly larger average ring width than introduced ash. In the localities Karlovac and Đurđevac the difference was not statistically significant.

Estimation of a basal area growth model for individual trees in uneven-aged Caspian mixed species forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Mohammadi ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei ◽  
Peter Lohmander ◽  
Leif Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Individual Trees

scholarly journals Fertilization Fails to Increase Diameter Growth of Sawlog-size Northern Hardwoods in Upper Michigan

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Stone ◽  
Stephen G. Shetron ◽  
James Peryam
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
And Control

Five hundred individual, sawlog-size crop trees in a selectively managed northern hardwood stand were fertilized with 2.61 kg (5.75 lbs) of N-P-K fertilizer per tree in June 1970. The stand is predominantly sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) growing on a deep silt loam soil of good site quality. Three- and six-year diameter at breast height (dbh) and basal area growth were analyzed by treatment and diameter class. Fertilization did not increase dbh or basal area growth during either measurement period. Mean annual dbh growth of both fertilized and control trees was 0.41 cm (0.16 in.); trees in all diameter classes grew at essentially the same rate. Nearly half of the study trees grew 2.54 cm (1.0 in.) or more during the 6-year period, and fertilization did not change this proportion. Natural supplies of nutrients in good hardwood soils appear adequate for rapid growth of these species. Periodic cuttings maintain superior growth rates and contributes to efficient nutrient cycling. Fertilization is not recommended on sites like this because growth responses are not likely to justify costs.

Field Notes: Predicted Vs. Actual Basal Area Growth in West Virginia

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-222
Author(s):  
Arlyn W. Perkey ◽  
Kenneth L. Carvell
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Field Notes

A New Index Representing Individual Tree Competitive Status

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Moore ◽  
Carl A. Budelsky ◽  
Richard C. Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Area Growth

A new competition index, modified Area Potentially Available (APA), was tested in a complex unevenaged stand composed of 19 different hardwood species. APA considers tree size, spatial distribution, and distance relationships in quantifying intertree competition and exhibits a strong correlation with individual tree basal area growth. The most important characteristic of APA is its potential for evaluating silvicultural practices.

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