Growth and water relations of black locust and pine seedlings exposed to controlled water stress

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Schulte ◽  
Paul E. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 4000 ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Some responses of very young jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.), and black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) seedlings grown under constant water stress conditions induced by polyethylene glycol 4000 culture solutions were investigated. Seedlings grown under stressful conditions had lower leaf conductance, produced less foliar surface area, and accumulated less dry weight than nonstressed seedlings. Seedlings grown under nonstressed conditions were found to undergo considerable transpiration at night. When compared with the pines, black locust seedlings grew more rapidly, had lower (more negative) xylem pressure potentials, and showed poorer survival under the more stressful growth conditions.

The effect of three osmotic agents on free proline and amino acid pools in Atriplex canescens and Hilaria jamesii

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Cress ◽  
Gordon V. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Atriplex Canescens ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 4000 ◽  
Osmotic Agents

Three commonly used osmotic agents, mannitol, sucrose, and polyethylene glycol 4000, were used to simulate water stress in two arid region plant species, Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. and Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Large amounts of mannitol (300–1400 μmol/g dry wt.) and sucrose (450–660 μmol/g dry wt.) were absorbed by both plant species, while insignificant amounts of polyethylene glycol 4000 were absorbed. During osmotic stress, Hilaria jamesii accumulated large quantities of proline, while A. canescens accumulated only a small amount. Shoot proline content of both species varied significantly with the osmotic agents used to simulate water stress. These results indicate that use of absorbable osmotic agents to simulate water stress may have important metabolic effects on the concentration of free proline and other metabolites.

scholarly journals Timed Release of Valsartan from Programmable Release Capsules: Importance of Plasticizers

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Usha Yogendra Nayak ◽  
Gopal Venktesh Shavi
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 4000 ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Triethyl Citrate ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different plasticizers on the ethylcellulose coatings of capsules and its timed release characteristics. Various plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), triacetin (TA), glycerol, triethyl citrate (TEC), polyethylene glycol-4000 and polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) were studied. The physicochemical properties of the casted polymeric films such as mechanical resistance, water uptake and dry weight loss were determined. Also the type and concentration of plasticizer on timed release of the capsule was studied. The drug release was found to be strongly dependent on the type of plasticizer and was in the order of GY>TA>PEG 6000>PEG 4000>TEC>DBP. Capsules coated with hydrophobic DBP (5%) showed good release with a lag time of 6 ± 0.5 h. DBP provided mechanically resistant coatings on the capsule and remained within the polymeric films without leaching upon exposure to the release media which helped in maintaining the lag time.

Influence of artificial shade on water stress of containerized ponderosa pine seedlings

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Buchanan ◽  
Michael F. Davault ◽  
James T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Xylem Pressure ◽  
Sacramento Mountains ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Relative Water

Artificially shaded and unshaded containerized Pinusponderosa Laws, seedlings were planted in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico on July 29, 1975. Xylem pressure potential (Pstem) and relative water content (RWC) were measured four times per day from August 1 to 16, 1975. Shading had little effect on RWC but significantly increased Pstem; midafternoon (1530 hours, MDST) increase averaged 2 bars (1 bar = 105 Pa). During the study RWC ranged from 86 to 94% and Pstem ranged from −4 to −10 bars. At the end of September no mortality had occurred in either treatment.

RELATIVE GROWTH RATES OF SPRING WHEAT, OATS, AND BARLEY UNDER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED WATER STRESS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates

Seedlings of wheat, oats, and barley were grown in nutrient solution and subjected to uniform water stresses by the addition of different amounts of polyethylene glycol to the medium. The polyethylene glycol was refined by passage through a combined millipore – ion exchange filter. The solution was circulated by an automatic system which drained and refilled growth tanks once every 45 minutes. Relative growth rates, calculated from changes in dry weight, were used as a measure of drought tolerance. Between the second and the sixth leaf stages, but not at the first leaf stage, the drought tolerance of Thatcher wheat was significantly greater than that of Exeter oats or Husky barley. Oats and barley responded similarly to water stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Induced Water Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rana ◽  
MA Hasan ◽  
MM Bahadur ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

The performance of twenty wheat genotypes under Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) induced water stress during germination and early seedling growth stages were tested under three levels of water potential i) Control (Tap water), ii) -2 bars and iii) -4 bar at the Crop Physiology and Ecology Laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during September 2014 to October 2014. Rate of germination and vigor index of all wheat genotypes were delayed with the increment of water stress induced by PEG. Shoot and root lengths and seedling dry weight of 10 days old seedlings were found to be reduced due to the increment of water stress. However, the degree of reduction of these parameters with the increment of water stress was not similar for all wheat genotypes. Stress tolerance index (STI) based on seedling dry weight indicated a wide difference in stress tolerance among the wheat genotypes. At moderate water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, E 34, E 28 and BAW 1170 showed more stress tolerance and the wheat genotypes- Sourav, E 23 and BAW 1140 showed greater stress sensitivity than the other wheat genotypes. At higher water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 28, E 28 and BAW 1170 showed more stress tolerance and the wheat genotypes- Satabdi, Sourav, BARI Gom 26, E 23, E 38, E 24, BAW 1163, BAW 1140 and BAW 1151 showed greater stress sensitivity than the others. Considering both moderate and high water deficit stress, BARI Gom 25, E 28 and BAW 1170 were found as tolerant and Sourav, E 23 and BAW 1140 were found as water deficit stress sensitive wheat genotypes. The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 81-91

Use of a video-imaging system for estimating leaf surface area of Pinussylvestris seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent S. Diebolt ◽  
Kenneth W. Mudge
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Weight Calculation ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Silhouette Area ◽  
Nondestructive Estimation

A method is described for a rapid, nondestructive estimation of the surface area of the shoot system of intact pine seedlings. A video camera and image analyzer were used to quantify the area of a video image of pine seedling shoots. Surface area values were displayed in dimensionless units, referred to as silhouette area. Silhouette area was significantly correlated with several other methods of estimating needle surface area, including dry weight, calculation based on measurement of linear dimensions, volume displacement, and optical planimetry. Correspondence between dry weight, or surface area estimates based on dry weight, and silhouette area was relatively low (r2 < 0.9) but statistically significant. The correlation between shoot area and silhouette area were improved (r2 > 0.9) when shoot area was estimated from volume displacement or optical planimetry.

scholarly journals Water stress and Sphaeropsis sapinea as a latent pathogen of red pine seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Stanosz ◽  
J. T. Blodgett ◽  
D. R. Smith ◽  
E. L. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea

scholarly journals Water-stress Screening in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Genotypes using Polyethylene Glycol 6000 at Seedling Growth Stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Mohanlal ◽  
K. Saravanan ◽  
T. Sabesan
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000 ◽  
Pot Culture

Background: Blackgram is one of the important pulse crops belongs to the Papilionaceae family. Seed germination and seedling growth are a very important step in the survival of a plant. Water stress is one of the important factors affects seedling growth. Methods: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of water stress on seedling growth in twenty-one blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] genotypes at the pot culture yard of Annamalai University during March 2018. The water stress was created by using Polyethylene Glycol (6000 MW) in different concentrations (0%, 10% and 20%). Different phenotypic characters were recorded such as shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight at two different levels of treatment and control. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design with two replications. Result: The combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p less than 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and genotypes × treatments interaction. The highest stress tolerance index (STI) was recorded by the genotype ADT-5. Based on clustering and ranking, the genotypes ADT-5, KGB-28, RU-16-9, VBG-10010 and VBG-12062 were classified as drought-tolerant. Overall, pot culture screening of 21 blackgram genotypes for drought tolerance at seedling stage using various concentrations of PEG 6000 resulted in the identification of drought-tolerant genotypes, where ADT-5 showed the highest tolerance followed by KGB-28 and RU-16-9.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought tolerance in new Bulgarian sweet corn genotypes with using stress tolerance indices

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Lydia Shtereva ◽  
Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova ◽  
Boris Kraptchev
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Two inbred lines and their heterotic F1 hybrid of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa Bonaf.) were evaluated to assess their reaction for PEG-mediated water stress at the seedling stage in terms of various physiological and biochemical traits. Water potentials were: zero as control and -0.6, -0.9, -1.2 and -1.5 MPa as treatments. Stress- determining parameters such as proline content, malondiadehyde, and hydrogen peroxide were measured. In water stress, the germination was inversely proportional to the Polyethylene glycol concentrations in all three genotypes; roots and shoots length, fresh and dry weight decreased with an increasing of polyethylene glycol concentration. Malondiadehyde, proline, and hydrogen peroxide were found to be increased at different osmotic gradients in comparison to control. The data observed in the experiments revealed that the line C-6 might be used as a very promising parent to breed and select new drought tolerant sweet corn hybrids. Such a suggestion needs to be further explored by involving a larger set of sweet corn lines and hybrids.

The role of cotyledons in early development of pine seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1173-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sasaki ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Proportional Decrease

The role of photosynthetically active cotyledons on development of young red pine (pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings, and especially on growth of primary needles, was studied over a 30-day period. Photosynthesis of cotyledons, as measured with an infrared CO2 analyzer, was variously reduced by photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides (atrazine, simazine, propazine, monuron), by reduced light intensity, or by combinations of these. When photosynthesis of cotyledons was completely eliminated shortly after seed germination, the primary needles failed to expand, and dry weight production by seedlings was inhibited. Partial reduction of photosynthesis by herbicides, low light intensity, or both of these was followed by proportional decrease in expansion of primary needles and reduction in dry weight increment of seedlings. Reduced photosynthesis in cotyledons inhibited expansion of primary needles rather than formation of their primordia which occurred early in ontogeny. Growth of cotyledons appeared to utilize carbohydrate reserves to a large extent as cotyledons of many plants emerged even in the dark.

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