scholarly journals Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza and soil fertility influence mineral concentrations in seedlings of eight hardwood species

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Schultz ◽  
Paul P. Kormanik
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Total P

Eight hardwood species were grown under two sets of fertilizer and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) treatments. In the first study three treatments of 140, 560, and 1120 kg/ha of 10– 10– 10 (% N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively) fertilizer were added to fumigated soil with or without a mixture of Glomusmosseae Nicol. and Gerd. and Glomusetunicatus Becker and Gerd. (GM). In the second study, seedlings were grown with VAM treatments of (i) the same Glomus (GM) mixture as in study 1, (ii) Glomusfasiculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. and Trappe (GF), or (iii) mixed cultures of several Glomus and Gigaspora species (GG). A fertilizer treatment of 280 kg/ha of 10– 10– 10 was added to all seedlings. All treatments, in both studies, also received 10 equal applications of NH4NO3, totaling 1680 kg/ha, during the growing season. No single nutrient was consistently higher in nonmycorrhizal or VAM seedlings in either study and no symbiont produced consistently high concentrations of all nutrients in all species. Uninoculated seedlings frequently had higher N, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations than VAM seedlings. Inoculated seedlings generally had higher total P concentrations than uninoculated seedlings. For uninoculated seedlings of five of the species, P concentrations increased with higher fertility levels. Seedlings inoculated with GM and GG had higher P concentrations than those inoculated with GF. In numerous instances, uninoculated seedlings had higher mineral concentrations than VAM seedlings even though the uninoculated seedlings were always the smallest. This suggests that VAM provide stimulation other than or in addition to the enhanced nutrient uptake.

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza influence growth but not mineral concentrations in seedlings of eight sweetgum families

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Schultz ◽  
P. P. Kormanik ◽  
W. C. Bryan ◽  
G. H. Brister
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Seedlings of eight half-sib sweetgum (Liquidambarstyraciflua L.) families were grown for 6 months in a fumigated soil mixture, with or without inoculum from a mixture of Glomusmosseae and Glomusetunicatus fungi, at levels of 140, 280, 560, and 1120 kg/ha of 10–10–10 fertilizer. All seedlings received three additions of 187 kg/ha of N during the growing season. Inoculated seedlings had significantly greater biomass, height, and stem diameters at each fertilizer level than nonmycorrhizal control seedlings. Significant differences in growth occurred between families in mycorrhizal plants. However, fertilizer did not significantly affect growth or nutrient uptake of the seedlings. Inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi did not increase N, P, K, or Mg concentrations in the leaves, stems, or roots. Leaves of VA mycorrhizal seedlings had higher concentrations of calcium but stems and roots had lower concentrations of this element than the nonmycorrhizal seedlings. Seedlings with endomycorrhizae contained higher absolute quantities of each nutrient simply because of their greater biomass. The results suggest that the role of VA mycorrhizal fungi in the initial growth of sweetgum seedlings may be the result of physiological stimuli other than increased nutrient uptake.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN JENIS DAN POPULASI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA DALAM BERBAGAI KELOMPOK UMUR PINUS TUMPANGSARI KOPI DI UB FOREST

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Achmad Jauhar Arifin ◽  
Budi Prasetya ◽  
Syahrul Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Available P ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total P

Differences in tree age and cropping systems may influence the microbial diversity, including fungal species and population. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity, of species and population of arbuscular mycorrhiza spores and the relationship between the number of arbuscular mycorrhiza spores and the soil chemical properties in different pine age group and coffee as an intercropping system at sloped areas. The study was conducted from April to July 2017. The study used a survey method with 5 age groups (KU) and three replications. The study was divided into 3 stages: 1). collection of soil and root samples, as well as measuring plot characteristics (i.e. basal area, canopy cover, standing litter mass); 2). Measurement of Mycorrhizal in the laboratory (spore extraction, spore identification, root colony percentage analysis); 3). Soil Chemical Analysis (pH, total P, available P). All data was tabulated, and tested using ANOVA with Randomized Block Design. If there is a significantly different, a further LSD test is performed with a level of 5%. Correlation and regression tests were performed to determine the relationship between parameters. The results showed that there were significant differences in the parameters of canopy density, number of genus spores of Acaulospora 100 g-1 soil, Soil pH, and total P in the soil. However, the study was unable to detect significant differences in, other parameters, such as root infection, number population of Glomus and Gigaspore, available P, etc.. The correlation test showed that the increase in the age group of the coffee intercropping system did not correlate with the number of arbuscular mycorrhizae in each plot observed. The number of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spores in each age group of intercropping pine did not correlate with the soil's chemical properties (pH, P-Total, P-Available).

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of Easter lily in the northwestern United States

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Ames ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Isolated Species

The vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi of commercially grown Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) were studied. Soil and root samples were collected monthly from March through September 1975 from five fields in the coastal area of southern Oregon and northern California. Soil seivings were inoculated onto clover, onion, and lily to cause infections resulting in the production of many new mycorrhizal spores facilitating identification. Four VA mycorrhizal species were found: Acaulospora trappei, A. elegans, Glomus monosporus, and G. fasciculatus. All four VA species infected Easter lily, clover, and onion. Acaulospora trappei and G. fasciculatus were the most commonly isolated species from all five fields.Mycorrhizal infections in roots of field-grown lilies were sparse and presumably young in March and gradually increased in size and number until September when bulbs were harvested. Over 75% of each root system became infected with mycorrhizae in fields with all four fungal species, and those levels were reached by July. In fields with only two mycorrhizal species, usually 50% or less of each root system was infected, even by the end of the growing season.

Red spruce seedling gas exchange in response to elevated CO2, water stress, and soil fertility treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Samuelson ◽  
J.R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growing Seasons

The interactive influences of ambient (374 μL•L−1) or elevated (713 μL•L−1) CO2, low or high soil fertility, well-watered or water-stressed treatment, and rooting volume on gas exchange and growth were examined in red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) grown from seed through two growing seasons. Leaf gas exchange throughout two growing seasons and growth after two growing seasons in response to elevated CO2 were independent of soil fertility and water-stress treatments, and rooting volume. During the first growing season, no reduction in leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in elevated CO2 compared with seedlings grown in ambient CO2 was observed when measured at the same CO2 concentration. During the second growing season, net photosynthesis was up to 21% lower for elevated CO2-grown seedlings than for ambient CO2-grown seedlings when measured at 358 μL•L−1. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation to growth in elevated CO2 occurred gradually and was not a function of root-sink strength or soil-fertility treatment. However, net photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an elevated CO2 concentration was still over 2 times greater than the photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an ambient CO2 concentration. Growth enhancement by CO2 was maintained, since seedlings grown in elevated CO2 were 40% larger in both size and weight after two growing seasons.

Seasonal and temperature effects on mycorrhizal activity and dependence of cool- and warm-season tallgrass prairie grasses

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1596-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Bentivenga ◽  
B. A. D. Hetrick
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Previous research on North American tallgrass prairie grasses has shown that warm-season grasses rely heavily on vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, while cool-season grasses are less dependent on the symbiosis (i.e., receive less benefit). This led to the hypothesis that cool-season grasses are less dependent on the symbiosis, because the growth of these plants occurs when mycorrhizal fungi are inactive. Field studies were performed to assess the effect of phenology of cool- and warm-season grasses on mycorrhizal fungal activity and fungal species composition. Mycorrhizal fungal activity in field samples was assessed using the vital stain nitro blue tetrazolium in addition to traditional staining techniques. Mycorrhizal activity was greater in cool-season grasses than in warm-season grasses early (April and May) and late (December) in the growing season, while mycorrhizal activity in roots of the warm-season grasses was greater (compared with cool-season grasses) in midseason (July and August). Active mycorrhizal colonization was relatively high in both groups of grasses late in the growing season, suggesting that mycorrhizal fungi may proliferate internally or may be parasitic at this time. Total Glomales sporulation was generally greater in the rhizosphere of cool-season grasses in June and in the rhizosphere of the warm-season grasses in October. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to examine the effect of temperature on mycorrhizal dependence of cool- and warm-season grasses. For both groups of grasses, mycorrhizal dependence was greatest at the temperature that favored growth of the host. The results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi are active in roots when cool-season grasses are growing and that cool-season grasses may receive benefit from the symbiosis under relatively cool temperature regimes. Key words: cool-season grasses, tallgrass prairie, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, warm-season grasses.

The growth of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) as influenced by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, and fertility level

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2773-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Ames ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
High Inoculum ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Pot Culture

Easter lily bulbs were inoculated in the greenhouse with pot-culture inoculum containing a mixture of four vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi as well as other fungi and bacteria, including pathogens. These organisms had multiplied in association with roots of lily, onion, and clover in pot cultures inoculated with sievings from lily field soils. Growth, as measured by bulb weight gain, root volume, and total leaf area, was determined on lily bulb plants inoculated at two inoculum levels and grown under three fertilizer regimes. Growth of plants inoculated with pot-culture inoculum was less than that of controls, especially in plants given the high inoculum (which included pot-culture plant roots) and the high rate of fertilization. The growth reduction apparently was due to the combined effect of greater incidence of Fusarium oxysporum root rot infections, damage to roots from fertilizer, and lower incidence of VA mycorrhizal infections. More mycorrhizal infections occurred in the low-fertilizer treatment than in the high- or no-fertilizer treatments at both high and low inoculum levels, but more F. oxysporum root rot occurred in the high-inoculum, high-fertilizer treatment.In a second experiment, lily seedlings that lacked bulb nutrient reserves were grown at a low fertilizer level and inoculated with Acaulospora trappei without any pathogens. Mycorrhizal plants were significantly larger than nonmycorrhizal control plants, and their tissues contained more N, P, K, Ca, and Mg than control plant tissues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document