The growth of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) as influenced by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, and fertility level

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2773-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Ames ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
High Inoculum ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Pot Culture

Easter lily bulbs were inoculated in the greenhouse with pot-culture inoculum containing a mixture of four vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi as well as other fungi and bacteria, including pathogens. These organisms had multiplied in association with roots of lily, onion, and clover in pot cultures inoculated with sievings from lily field soils. Growth, as measured by bulb weight gain, root volume, and total leaf area, was determined on lily bulb plants inoculated at two inoculum levels and grown under three fertilizer regimes. Growth of plants inoculated with pot-culture inoculum was less than that of controls, especially in plants given the high inoculum (which included pot-culture plant roots) and the high rate of fertilization. The growth reduction apparently was due to the combined effect of greater incidence of Fusarium oxysporum root rot infections, damage to roots from fertilizer, and lower incidence of VA mycorrhizal infections. More mycorrhizal infections occurred in the low-fertilizer treatment than in the high- or no-fertilizer treatments at both high and low inoculum levels, but more F. oxysporum root rot occurred in the high-inoculum, high-fertilizer treatment.In a second experiment, lily seedlings that lacked bulb nutrient reserves were grown at a low fertilizer level and inoculated with Acaulospora trappei without any pathogens. Mycorrhizal plants were significantly larger than nonmycorrhizal control plants, and their tissues contained more N, P, K, Ca, and Mg than control plant tissues.

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of Easter lily in the northwestern United States

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Ames ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Easter Lily ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Isolated Species

The vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi of commercially grown Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) were studied. Soil and root samples were collected monthly from March through September 1975 from five fields in the coastal area of southern Oregon and northern California. Soil seivings were inoculated onto clover, onion, and lily to cause infections resulting in the production of many new mycorrhizal spores facilitating identification. Four VA mycorrhizal species were found: Acaulospora trappei, A. elegans, Glomus monosporus, and G. fasciculatus. All four VA species infected Easter lily, clover, and onion. Acaulospora trappei and G. fasciculatus were the most commonly isolated species from all five fields.Mycorrhizal infections in roots of field-grown lilies were sparse and presumably young in March and gradually increased in size and number until September when bulbs were harvested. Over 75% of each root system became infected with mycorrhizae in fields with all four fungal species, and those levels were reached by July. In fields with only two mycorrhizal species, usually 50% or less of each root system was infected, even by the end of the growing season.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZA INOCULATION OF PEPPER SEEDLINGS (Capsicum annuum L.) ON THE GROWTH AND PROTECTION AGAINST Fusarium oxysporum INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jamiołkowska ◽  
Władysław Michałek
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
And Control

A study was conducted to investigate the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in enhancing the growth and control of a root rot caused by different isolates of Fusarium oxysporum in sweet pepper seedlings. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with sterilized horticultural soils. There were four treatments applied as follows: Fo (seedlings infected with fungus), M (seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi), Fo + M (seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza and infected with fungus) and control. A randomized experiment was used and the growth, disease index, and photosynthetic activity of the plants were measured after 4 weeks. The investigations showed that the mycorrhizal inoculation had a protective effect on the F. oxysporum-infected pepper seedlings. The plants were characterized by a higher growth rate and a lower disease index than those growing only in the presence of the pathogenic fungus. The roots inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi were better developed than those infected only with F. oxysporum. The mycorrhiza contributed to an increase in the photosynthetic activity of the pepper seedlings.

scholarly journals BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF TRICHODERMA SPP. AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM IN SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Pavithra Ramasamy ◽  
LALITHA SUNDARAM
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Soil Microbial Population ◽  
Pot Culture

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of biocontrol Trichoderma species agent against Fusarium oxysporum in Solanum lycopersicum L. Methods: Genus Trichoderma effective biocontrol agent against fungal, bacterial pathogen. The fungal isolates Trichoderma viride (Tr01), Trichoderma harzianum (Tr02), and F. oxysporum (Fu04) were also identified through morphological characterization observed under a light microscope (10x×40x). The isolates (Tr01, Tr02, Fu04) were confirmed through genetic DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction analysis. After that pot culture study was conducted to test the antagonistic potential (Tr01, Tr02) and against (Fu04). Seeds of tomato (S. lycopersicum L.) were used in this experiment; treatment such as control, Tr01, Tr02, Fu04, Tr01+ Fu04, and Tr02+ Fu04 was given to the seeds sown in pots and maintained in appropriate distances. Results: In pot culture after 45th day after inoculation of bioinoculated plant (Tr02), significantly enhances plant length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, NPK content, and soil microbial population. Conclusion: In this experiment, Trichoderma spp. to control plant pathogen and improve yield and quality of crop. Fungal species belonging to the genus Trichoderma act as a biological agent. Bioinoculated plant (Tr02) significantly enhances plant growth ability to with stand under nutrient deficient conditions.

Orchidaceous rhizoctonias in pot cultures of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Symbiotic Germination ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Orchid Seed ◽  
Sebacina Vermifera ◽  
Pot Culture

The paper reports that previously undescribed, sterile, septate fungi (Rhizoctonia) with affinity to and attributes of orchid mycorrhizal fungi, commonly occur in pot cultures of vesicular–arbuscular (V–A) mycorrhizal fungi. Seventeen pot cultures of V–A endophytes from several sources were studied. The endophytes included unidentified organisms as well as species of Glomus, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora. A Rhizoctonia was present in every pot culture. In different cases, Rhizoctonia isolates were obtained from sporelike cells in intramatrical vesicles, extramatrical hyphae, and chlamydospores or roots of pot culture plants. In pure culture, the rhizoctonias formed pale or yellow–brown, submerged colonies composed of narrow, irregularly septate hyphae. Monilioid hyphae and terminal or intercalary, spherical chlamydospores about 12 μm in diameter developed in older mycelia. Fruiting experiments by J. H. Warcup indicated that the teleomorph of three Rhizoctonia isolates is related to Sebacina vermifera Oberwinkler, a mycorrhizal endophyte of certain Australian terrestrial orchids. Positive tests for symbiotic germination of orchid seed with one isolate are described. Pasture legumes and ryegrass plants were inoculated with mycelia of Rhizoctonia strains in the presence or absence of V–A mycorrhizal fungi. Inoculation affected plant growth only when V–A mycorrhizal fungi were present: in steamed soil containing residual inoculum of a V–A endophyte, the growth response following infection by the V–A endophyte occurred in inoculated plants several weeks earlier than in uninoculated plants; in different natural soils, inoculation increased, decreased, or had no effect on growth, depending on the strain of Rhizoctonia used.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Root Rot in Ophiopogon bodinieri in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
B. H. Lu ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
G. J. Yi ◽  
G. W. Tan ◽  
F. Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
First Report

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

Seasonal and temperature effects on mycorrhizal activity and dependence of cool- and warm-season tallgrass prairie grasses

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1596-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Bentivenga ◽  
B. A. D. Hetrick
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Prairie Grasses ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Previous research on North American tallgrass prairie grasses has shown that warm-season grasses rely heavily on vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, while cool-season grasses are less dependent on the symbiosis (i.e., receive less benefit). This led to the hypothesis that cool-season grasses are less dependent on the symbiosis, because the growth of these plants occurs when mycorrhizal fungi are inactive. Field studies were performed to assess the effect of phenology of cool- and warm-season grasses on mycorrhizal fungal activity and fungal species composition. Mycorrhizal fungal activity in field samples was assessed using the vital stain nitro blue tetrazolium in addition to traditional staining techniques. Mycorrhizal activity was greater in cool-season grasses than in warm-season grasses early (April and May) and late (December) in the growing season, while mycorrhizal activity in roots of the warm-season grasses was greater (compared with cool-season grasses) in midseason (July and August). Active mycorrhizal colonization was relatively high in both groups of grasses late in the growing season, suggesting that mycorrhizal fungi may proliferate internally or may be parasitic at this time. Total Glomales sporulation was generally greater in the rhizosphere of cool-season grasses in June and in the rhizosphere of the warm-season grasses in October. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to examine the effect of temperature on mycorrhizal dependence of cool- and warm-season grasses. For both groups of grasses, mycorrhizal dependence was greatest at the temperature that favored growth of the host. The results suggest that mycorrhizal fungi are active in roots when cool-season grasses are growing and that cool-season grasses may receive benefit from the symbiosis under relatively cool temperature regimes. Key words: cool-season grasses, tallgrass prairie, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, warm-season grasses.

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