Effect of accelerating growth on flowering in lodgepole pine seedlings and grafts

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Wheeler ◽  
C. C. Ying ◽  
J. C. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Rapid Generation ◽  
Pollen Cone

Seedlings and grafts from lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta var. latifolia Dougl.) plus-tree selections in British Columbia were established and maintained in the greenhouse under 24-h photoperiod for 6 months. Subsequently, seedlings were outplanted in the nursery and grafts in a breeding orchard at Red Rock Research Centre. In the 5th year from seed (1980), the proportion of flowering trees and the average number of seed cones per flowering tree were roughly six times greater for accelerated growth seedlings (81%, 18 flowers/tree) than for controls (12%, 3.6 flowers/tree). Differences in pollen cone production were of similar magnitude. Flower enhancement in seedlings carried over into the next year. Grafted trees were considerably less productive than seedlings. At age 5 a mean of four female strobili were produced on 77% of treated grafts compared with 1.6 strobili on 36% of untreated controls. These values decreased slightly in 1981. Pollen production was yet to be observed on grafted materials. While the superiority in height of accelerated seedlings relative to controls has steadily decreased since time of establishment, large differences in number of branches per tree and biomass remain. Root systems of accelerated seedlings generally were excessively pot-bound, resulting in considerable root grafting after outplanting. The possible causes of increased flower production in accelerated growth trees are briefly discussed. The production of both pollen and seed cones in numebrs large enough to support a modest breeding scheme greatly increases the opportunity for rapid generation turnover in forest trees such as lodgepole pine and permits greater flexibility in planning a long-term tree improvement program.

Effect of continuous photoperiod on growth and development of lodgepole pine seedlings and grafts

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Plus Tree ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
And Control

Wind-pollinated seed and ramets from lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) plus tree selections in British Columbia were established and maintained under 24-h photoperiods for 6 months. Subsequently, these trees were outplanted in the nursery and periodically assessed for height, diameter, and dry weight. Seedlings and grafts developed considerably faster than normal nursery-grown controls during the treatment period, and they maintained an accelerated growth rate during the two growing seasons following outplanting. Root growth was particularly enhanced, as evidenced by the sharply reduced shoot:root ratio of treated seedlings relative to controls. Large differences in growth response existed among wind-pollinated families but family × environment (greenhouse vs. nursery) interaction confounded interpretation. Family performances for treated and control seedlings of the same families were not well correlated (r = 0.24) after two growing seasons. The rapid growth and development of seedlings and grafts under continuous photoperiod can undoubtedly benefit tree improvement programs by ultimately reducing the establishment time of seedling and clonal seed orchards, particularly for slowly growing species such as lodgepole pine.

Cone Production and Seed Yield of Lodgepole Pine Grafts

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Ying ◽  
J. C. Murphy ◽  
S. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Pollen Cone ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Suitable Location

Cone production records over a 12-year period from two clonebanks (SCA and SK) indicate that Red Rock is a suitable location for lodgepole pine seed orchards for central interior British Columbia. Both seed and pollen cone production increased rapidly every year and reached their peak in 1982, 10 years after their establishment; a sharp decline occurred in 1983, but cone production recovered to the 1982 level in 1984, On an average, in 1982, the two clonebanks produced 237 seed cones and 186 pollen cones per living graft. Clonal differences were large, and a good cone producer continued to produce more cones year after year. Regular pollen cone production lagged behind seed cone production by about 5 years. Clones from the Yukon and northern British Columbia started to produce seed cones earlier than those of more southern origins; but the latter, despite being less precocious, eventually outproduced the northern ones. Southward transfer of lodgepole pine grafts is not necessarily beneficial to cone production. Average mature cone length was 41 mm, width 24 mm, and weight 7.1 g; average number of seeds per cone was 23 and 100-seed weight was 0.4 mg. Clonal differences were also large for these traits. Key Words: lodgepole pine, clonebank, seed cone, pollen cone, central British Columbia.

Eight Plantations of Lodgepole Pine in West Central Alberta

1979 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
A. K. Helium
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
West Central ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Root Collar

Lodgepole pine seedlings in eight plantations established between 1972 and 1976 in west central Alberta had very similar early height growth compared with natural wildlings or seedlings which have grown on site from seed.Smaller root collar diameters, lighter seedlings, less root extension and growth, and possible development of shoot/root ratios exceeding 8.0 in planted stock later than seven years from seed germination, are the only measures to suggest that planted stock might be developing non-normal growth patterns in later years.The study showed that the planted stock maintained and increased its height-growth-lead over natural wildlings for at least four years after outplanting because of the head start in the nursery. This advantage represented an ever-decreasing part of the total seedling height and was estimated to have virtually no long-term significance because natural wildlings grew more rapidly in height than planted seedlings, year for year.

Long-term responses of ecosystem components to stand thinning in young lodgepole pine forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 228 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Druscilla S. Sullivan ◽  
Pontus M.F. Lindgren ◽  
Douglas B. Ransome
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Stand Thinning

Developing twinning cattle for commercial production

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
C. A. Morris ◽  
B. W. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Calf Survival ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Meat Animal

Long-term selection programs in the United States and New Zealand have developed twinning herds. In Nebraska, the United States Meat Animal Research Centre population had a calving rate of 1.56 per parturition in 2004. They have shown that the location of ovulation has an important effect on the success of pregnancy and that ovulations ≥3 are probably undesirable. These cattle have issues associated with calving difficulty and calf survival, which present challenges for commercial application. Intensive management using existing technology and/or future genetic improvement to address these traits are required to realise the potential benefits to beef production systems.

Forest structure altered by mountain pine beetle outbreaks affects subsequent attack in a Wyoming lodgepole pine forest, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2403-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Kashian ◽  
Rebecca M. Jackson ◽  
Heather D. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The 1960S

Extensive outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) will alter the structure of many stands that will likely be attacked again before experiencing a stand-replacing fire. We examined a stand of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in Grand Teton National Park currently experiencing a moderate-level outbreak and previously attacked by mountain pine beetle in the 1960s. Consistent with published studies, tree diameter was the main predictor of beetle attack on a given tree, large trees were preferentially attacked, and tree vigor, age, and cone production were unimportant variables for beetle attack at epidemic levels. Small trees killed in the stand were killed based mainly on their proximity to large trees and were likely spatially aggregated with large trees as a result of the previous outbreak. We concluded that the driving factors of beetle attack and their spatial patterns are consistent across outbreak severities but that stand structure altered by the previous outbreak had implications for the current outbreaks in the same location. This study should catalyze additional research that examines how beetle-altered stand structure affects future outbreaks — an important priority for predicting their impacts under climate change scenarios that project increases in outbreak frequency and extent.

Early growth of lodgepole pine after establishment of alsike clover–Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Trowbridge ◽  
F.B. Holl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Needle Mass

An overdense lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) stand was knocked down and the site was prepared by broadcast burn, windrow burn, or mechanical forest floor removal. Inoculated alsike clover (Trifoliumhybridum L.) was seeded at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha for the three different site preparation treatments to determine the effects of (i) site preparation on infection and effectiveness of the clover–Rhizobium symbiosis and clover percent cover and (ii) the clover–Rhizobium N2-fixing symbiosis on survival, early growth, and foliar nitrogen concentration of lodgepole pine seedlings. The N2-fixing symbiosis established well in all treatments. Clover percent cover increased with increasing rate of seeding, although by relatively few percent in the clover seeded plots. Broadcast burning, windrow burning, and mechanical forest floor removal did not affect the establishment of the N2-fixing symbiosis or clover percent cover. Lodgepole pine survival was not affected by the seeding treatments in any year, nor were height measurements during the first three growing seasons. Seedling height was slightly less in clover-seeded plots compared with controls in the fourth growing season. Lodgepole pine seedlings on clover-seeded plots had decreased diameter growth compared with controls during the first three growing seasons, but incremental diameter growth no longer showed this effect by the fourth growing season. Needle mass (g/100 needles) was less in clover-seeded plots at the end of the second growing season, but this effect was reversed by the fourth growing season, when both needle mass and foliar nitrogen concentration in lodgepole pine foliage were greater in clover-seeded plots.

Applied gibberellin A4/7 increases ovulate strobili production in accelerated growth jack pine seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Cecich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Accelerated Growth

Jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seeds were sown in October, January, and March, and the seedlings were cultured under accelerated growth conditions in a greenhouse. At biweekly intervals, from May 15 to August 15, they were transplanted to a nearby nursery and sprayed with GA4/7 or GA4/7 + NAA. The following spring a fourfold increase in flowering was noted in trees receiving either of the GA4/7 treatments. Trees in the March sowing did not flower. The data suggest that the increased flowering was caused by GA4/7-mediated differentiation of lateral long-branch primordia into ovulate strobili.

scholarly journals Long-term influence of stand thinning and repeated fertilization on forage production in young lodgepole pine forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus M.F. Lindgren ◽  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Douglas B. Ransome ◽  
Druscilla S. Sullivan ◽  
Lisa Zabek
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
South Central ◽  
Stand Thinning

Integration of trees with forage and livestock production as silvopastoralism is another potential component of intensive forest management. Stand thinning and fertilization may enhance growth of crop trees and understory forage for livestock. We tested the hypothesis that large-scale precommercial thinning (PCT) (particularly heavy thinning to ≤1000 stems·ha−1) and repeated fertilization, up to 20 years after the onset of treatments, would enhance production of graminoids, forbs, and shrubs as cattle (Bos taurus L.) forage. Results are from two long-term studies: (1) PCT (1988–2013) and (2) PCT with fertilization (PCT–FERT) (1993–2013) of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Mean biomass estimates of graminoids, forbs, total herbs, and shrubs were not affected by stand density. However, fertilization enhanced mean biomass estimates of graminoids, forbs, and total herbs, but not shrubs. Thus, the density part of our hypothesis was not supported, but the nutrient addition part was supported at least for the herbaceous components. Biomass of the herbaceous understory was maintained as a silvopasture component for up to 20 years (stand age 13 to 33 years) in fertilized heavily thinned stands prior to canopy closure.

Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Results ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Recreational Angling ◽  
Original Estimate ◽  
Volunteer Labor ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Sport Fish ◽  
Water Uses

<em>Abstract</em>.—The Lake Havasu Fisheries Improvement Program was established in 1992 through the development of a partnership with all of the state, federal, and private organizations that hold an interest in improving the fisheries in Lake Havasu. As the 10-year program reached completion, the actual costs were half of the original estimate. Nonfederal sources provided more than 7 million dollars and the volunteer labor force contributed more than 170,000 h of service in the construction and placement of artificial structures. Angler satisfaction improved, even with a quadrupling of the angling pressure to the lake. Nearly 40 national and regional fishing tournaments returned Lake Havasu to their circuit schedule as a result of this program. The five recreational angling facilities provided free 24-h access to the lake for all ages and physical abilities. These facilities receive more than 80,000 angler use days per year. In addition to all of the sport fish activities, the program was able to re-establish populations of two federally listed endangered species of fish to the reservoir, ending a 20-year absence in the area. As a final accomplishment, the partnership signed a new memorandum of understanding that covers future coordinated maintenance and monitoring activities on the reservoir to sustain the benefits and document long-term results.

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