A comparison of measurements of the standing crops of biomass and nutrients in a conifer stand in Nova Scotia

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-502
Author(s):  
B. Freedman ◽  
P. N. Duinker ◽  
R. Morash ◽  
U. Prager
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Tree Approach ◽  
Harvest Method ◽  
Whole Tree

A comparison is made of the realized and potential harvest removals of biomass and nutrients (N, P. K. Ca, and Mg) in a red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) dominated stand, as estimated by experimental harvest of two 0.5-ha plots, and through the use of biomass regressions and a stratified mean-tree approach. The latter two calculations gave estimates of potential harvest removal (standing crop) that were similar to each other, but that were higher than the removals estimated by the harvest method by an average of 29% for whole-tree biomass, 84% for N. 58% for P. 28% for K. 45% for Ca. and 41 % for Mg. The differences are attributed to incomplete recovery of aboveground biomass by the experimental harvests, and to a tendency of regression techniques to overestimate standing crops.

scholarly journals Aboveground biomass of substitute tree species stand with respect to thinning – European larch (Larix decidua Mill.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Novák ◽  
M. Slodičák ◽  
D. Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
European Larch ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Whole Tree

This study is focused on substitute European larch stands in the Kru&scaron;n&eacute; hory Mts. (northern part of the Czech Republic). Research was conducted within larch thinning experiment Kalek (780 m a.s.l. in the category Piceeto-Fagetum oligo-mesotrophicum &ndash; Calamagrostis villosa). Results showed that the aboveground biomass of the investigated substitute unthinned larch stand represented approximately 102 thousand kg of dry matter per ha at the age of 20 years. Stemwood (ca 59%) is the most important part of the aboveground biomass. Needles, live and dead branches accounted approximately for 6%, 17% and 11%, respectively, and stem bark only for 7%. At the age of<br />20 years, the investigated substitute unthinned larch stand accumulated: nitrogen &ndash; 307 kg, phosphorus &ndash; 21 kg, potassium &ndash; 136 kg, calcium &ndash; 122 kg, magnesium &ndash; 53 kg per hectare. Thinning with consequent removal of aboveground biomass may result in nutrient losses. Especially, the removal of whole tree biomass by thinning for chipping in areas previously degraded by acid deposition may result in calcium and magnesium deficiency because of their low content in forest soil. On the other hand, thinning supported faster growth of trees left after thinning and consequently faster biomass and nutrient accumulation. Our results supported the recommendation that the use of biomass from thinning for chipping should be limited to stemwood only and the remaining aboveground biomass (mainly needles and branches) should be left in the forest ecosystem for decomposition in conditions of the historically disturbed area of the Kru&scaron;n&eacute; hory Mts.

Carbon storage in a chronosequence of red spruce (Picea rubens) forests in central Nova Scotia, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2260-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Taylor ◽  
Jian R. Wang ◽  
Han Y.H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Picea Rubens ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Age Class ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Below Ground

Red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.) forests are an ecologically and economically important forest type in eastern Canada. We quantified the carbon (C) stocks of natural red spruce dominated stands in central Nova Scotia. Twenty-four stands over a 140 year chronosequence were sampled. Within each stand, major C pools including above- and below-ground tree biomass, shrub and herb vegetation, dead organic matter, and upper (0–10 cm) mineral soil were measured. A nonlinear four-parameter logistic function was fitted to the total site C stock data to describe the change in total ecosystem C storage over time. Total site C storage increased throughout stand development in a general sigmoidal pattern, increasing from 94.4 Mg C·ha–1 in the youngest age-class to a maximum of 247.0 Mg C·ha–1 in the 81- to 100-year-old age-class, then decreasing in the oldest age-classes. Carbon pools of live vegetation, standing dead trees, and downed woody debris displayed recognizable changes in C storage throughout stand development, conforming to some of the fundamental ideas on forest stand dynamics. Overall, above- and below-ground tree biomass had the greatest influence on total site C storage dynamics. These results are likely to be integrated into further forest management plans and generalized in other contexts to evaluate carbon stocks at the regional scale.

Biomass and nutrient removals by conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting of a red spruce – balsam fir stand in central Nova Scotia

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Freedman ◽  
R. Morash ◽  
A. J. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Total Pool ◽  
Whole Tree

Data are presented of biomass and nutrient removals by conventional and whole-tree clear-cutting of 0.5-ha blocks of an all-aged Picearubens – Abiesbalsamea stand in central Nova Scotia. The biomass yield from the conventional clear-cut plot was 105 200 kg dry weight•ha−1, and the removals of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 98.2, 16.3, 91.7, 180.9, and 17.0 kg•ha−1 respectively. Biomass removals from the whole-tree clear-cut plot were 152 500 kg dry weight•ha−1, and the removals of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 239.1, 35.2, 132.6, 336.5, and 36.9 kg•ha−1, respectively. These removals of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg from the whole-tree harvested plot, expressed as percentages of the quantities of these nutrients in the "total" pool within the exploitable soil horizons, were 5.0, 2.8, 1.0, 5.9, and 2.1%, respectively. However, when these removals were expressed relative to the quantities in the "available" soil pools, they were much larger, i.e., 500, 34, 184, 306, and 95% for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively.

scholarly journals Fir (Abies spp.) stand biomass additive model for Eurasia sensitive to winter temperature and annual precipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 166-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Usoltsev ◽  
Katarína Merganičová ◽  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Anna A. Osmirko ◽  
Ivan S. Tsepordey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract Climate change, especially modified courses of temperature and precipitation, has a significant impact on forest functioning and productivity. Moreover, some alterations in tree biomass allocation (e.g. root to shoot ratio, foliage to wood parts) might be expected in these changing ecological conditions. Therefore, we attempted to model fir stand biomass (t ha−1) along the trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients using the data from 272 forest stands. The model outputs suggested that all biomass components, except for the crown mass, change in a common pattern, but in different ratios. Specifically, in the range of mean January temperature and precipitation of −30°C to +10°C and 300 to 900 mm, fir stand biomass increases with both increasing temperature and precipitation. Under an assumed increase of January temperature by 1°C, biomass of roots and of all components of the aboveground biomass of fir stands increased (under the assumption that the precipitation level did not change). Similarly, an assumed increase in precipitation by 100 mm resulted in the increased biomass of roots and of all aboveground components. We conclude that fir seems to be a perspective taxon from the point of its productive properties in the ongoing process of climate change.

scholarly journals Effects of Stand Age on Biomass Allocation and Allometry of Quercus Acutissima in the Central Loess Plateau of China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Wenyan Xue ◽  
Shichuan Yu ◽  
Jianyun Zhou ◽  
Wenhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Quercus Acutissima ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Biomass Equations ◽  
Total Tree

We studied the effects of stand age on allocation and equation fitting of aboveground and below-ground biomass in four Quercus acutissima stands (14, 31, 46, and 63 years old) in the Central Loess Plateau of China. The stem wood, stem bark, branch, foliage, and belowground biomass of each of the 20 destructive harvesting trees were quantified. The mean total biomass of each tree was 28.8, 106.8, 380.6, and 603.4 kg/tree in the 14-, 31-, 46-, and 63-year-old stands, respectively. Aboveground biomass accounted for 72.25%, 73.05%, 76.14%, and 80.37% of the total tree biomass in the 14-, 31-, 46-, and 63-year-old stands, respectively, and stem wood was the major component of tree biomass. The proportion of stem (with bark) biomass to total tree biomass increased with stand age while the proportions of branch, foliage, and belowground biomass to total tree biomass decreased with stand age. The ratio of belowground biomass to aboveground biomass decreased from 0.39 in the 14-year-old stand to 0.37, 0.31, and 0.24 in the 31-, 46-, and 63-year-old stands, respectively. Age-specific biomass equations in each stand were developed for stem wood, stem bark, aboveground, and total tree. The inclusion of tree height as a second variable improved the total tree biomass equation fitting for middle-aged (31-year-old and 46-year-old) stands but not young (14 years old) and mature (63 years old) stands. Moreover, biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) varied with stand age, showing a decreasing trend with increasing stand age. These results indicate that stand age alters the biomass allocation of Q. acutissima and results in age-specific allometric biomass equations and BCEFs. Therefore, to obtain accurate estimates of Q. acutissima forest biomass and carbon stocks, age-specific changes need to be considered.

Caloric Content of the Standing Crop of Benthic and Epibenthic Invertebrates of St. Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1803-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Brawn ◽  
D. L. Peer ◽  
R. J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epibenthic Invertebrates

The benthos of St. Margaret's Bay at depths of 28–62 m was sampled quantitatively during the summer and the caloric contents of the common invertebrates determined. The shrimps, amphipods, and the polychaete Lumbrinereis with caloric contents between 1000 and 1300 cal/g wet weight had the highest caloric content of those tested. The mean caloric content of the standing crop was 76 kcal/m2 with the highest values occurring where the sand and silt–clay fractions of the sediment were nearly equal and the lowest where either sand or silt–clay predominated. Annelids and echinoderms together accounted for more than three-quarters of the caloric content of the standing crop.

scholarly journals Aspen Regeneration in Riparian Management Zones in Northern Minnesota: Effects of Residual Overstory and Harvest Method

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Palik ◽  
Kory Cease ◽  
Leanne Egeland ◽  
Charles Blinn
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
Management Zone ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Harvest Method

Abstract We examined aspen regeneration under different riparian management zone (RMZ) treatments in aspen forests in northern Minnesota. We also compared aspen regeneration in partially harvested RMZs to adjacent upland clearcuts. The four RMZ treatments included: (1) full control (no cutting in RMZ or upland; (2) riparian control (RMZ uncut; upland clearcut); and partially harvested RMZs cut to 54 ft2/ac, with upland clearcut using (3) cut-to-length (CTL), or (4) tree-length harvesting. Three years after harvest, aspen sucker densities in the tree-length and CTL treatments were significantly higher than the full control, but did not differ from each other or the riparian control. Mean individual sucker heights (63–73 in) and aboveground biomass (2.4–3.4 oz) varied among the riparian treatments, but not significantly. Sucker densities were 62% higher in the adjacent clearcuts than in the partially harvested RMZs. Mean suckers heights did not differ between the two locations (71 in.), but aboveground biomass of suckers did differ significantly, averaging 3.4 oz in the partially harvested RMZs and 4.5 oz in the clearcuts. Our results indicate that 60% removal of basal area within RMZs increases density and size of aspen regeneration significantly, compared to uncut forest, but stocking is still below what is considered adequate for 3-yr-old stands. Suckering responses were similar with cut-to-length and tree-length harvesting, suggesting that harvest system has little effect on sucker development. While aspen likely will be a component of partially harvested RMZs, density and biomass increment will be much lower than in single-cohort stands and lower than what is considered desirable for commercial production. North. J. Appl. For. 20(2):79–84.

SAMPLING SYSTEMS FOR EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), EGGS ON APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert ◽  
K. P. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Tree Population ◽  
Sampling Systems ◽  
Mature Apple ◽  
Whole Tree

AbstractA study was conducted in a mature apple orchard in Nova Scotia to compare the density of eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), over the whole tree to their density on a selected area using a random selection and standard selection technique. Both methods provided nearly equivalent estimates of population densities for generations 2 and 4 but not for generation 3. The population estimates based on sampling from the selected area overestimated the whole tree population.Optimum allocation of sampling resources may be obtained by sampling a small number of clusters from each of a large number of trees.

Species richness – standing crop relationships along four lakeshore gradients: constraints on the general model

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1609-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene C. Wisheu ◽  
Paul A. Keddy
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
General Model ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
The Relationship

The applicability of a model describing the relationship between species richness and standing crop and litter was tested in each of four lakeshore habitats within Wilsons Lake, Nova Scotia. The shapes of the curves describing the species richness – standing crop relationships in the four habitats were significantly different. Standing crop and litter values were positively correlated with measured indices of soil fertility (loss on ignition and silt and clay content) and negatively correlated with disturbance as determined by the location of the shrub zone and overwinter damage to wooden pegs. Sites with high standing crop had a lower proportion of biomass composed of evergreen and isoetid species than the proportion in sites where standing crop was low. The among habitat variation observed in this study, and the variation in published values of standing crop values yielding maximum species richness, limit the accuracy of predictions from this model. Steps for refinement are suggested.

Vegetation development in a hardwood-forest chronosequence in Nova Scotia

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Crowell ◽  
B. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Vegetation and aboveground biomass and nutrient capital (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) were examined in a 22-stand, 75-year chronosequence within an angiosperm-dominated forest in Nova Scotia. Stands 20 years old and younger originated with clear-cutting, whereas older stands originated with wildfire. Early successional, ruderal species of vascular plants were prominent for ca. 5 years after clear-cutting, but they occurred as a part of a diverse, species-rich community dominated by more-tolerant species, many of which survived the disturbance of clear-cutting. The rate of accumulation of aboveground biomass averaged 2.2 t•ha−1•year−1 during the first 11 years after clear-cutting, 4.7 t•ha−1•year−1 between 11 and 30 years, and then decreased to 1.5 t•ha−1•year−1 between 30 and 75 years. Foliage biomass recovered to a quantity typical of mature stands within only 3–5 years of disturbance, as a result of the vigorous growth of both ground vegetation and stump sprouts of certain tree species. The patterns of accumulation of N, P, K, and Mg were similar to that of biomass, except that initially their relative rates of accumulation were faster because of the large proportion of nutrient-rich foliage in young stands. The accumulation of Ca was relatively slower, because of its large concentration in tree bark, a tissue whose proportion in the aboveground biomass reached a maximum much later than did foliage.

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