Dwarf mistletoe on white spruce in Sprucewoods Provincial Park, Manitoba

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. French ◽  
F. A. Baker ◽  
John Laut
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Provincial Park

Pure stands of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) have been decimated by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobiumpusillum Peck) in Sprucewoods Provincial Park. Infection ranged from 100% in some stands to 25% in stands invaded more recently. Large trees may live 40 years or longer after being infected. Trees with brooms, which previously had annual radial increments of 0.67 cm at 1.4 m, had annual increments in the last 5 years of 0.04 to 0.14 cm. White spruce less than 2 m tall were absent on all but one of the plots where the total number of seedlings decreased 20% in 2 years, and 24–27% of the surviving seedlings were infected. Dwarf mistletoe infection reduced annual height growth of infected seedlings 40% in 1977.

Population studies of white spruce. II. Natural inbreeding and relatedness among neighboring trees

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Park ◽  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
J. F. Coles
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
The Self ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Lethal Genes

Natural inbreeding and relatedness among neighboring trees were studied in several central New Brunswick populations of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss). Coefficients of relationship (r) were estimated by comparing the self-, neighbor-, open-, and unrelated-pollination effects on percent full seed. The estimates were 0.29 and 0.28 for neighbor and open pollinations, respectively. The effects of natural inbreeding on juvenile traits, e.g., germination and early growth, were slight while the effect on height growth increased with age at least to age 7 years. Neighboring white spruce trees growing in natural stands appear to be related at about the half-sib level (r = 0.25). Based on percent full seed, open-pollination approximates a level of inbreeding expected from trees related at a level well above that of half-sibs. Differential selection at the pre-embryo to early seedling stages results in progenies again related at the half-sib level. It is suggested that an inbreeding equilibrium exists in natural stands of white spruce and that this equilibrium approximates that expected from half-sib matings (F = 0.125). The inbreeding equilibrium is controlled, at least in part, by the frequency of lethal genes in the populations.

scholarly journals Application of Nursery Testing in Long-Term White Spruce Improvement Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Kathy Tosh ◽  
Yill Sung Park ◽  
Michele S. Fullarton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Polycross-pollinated white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) families were evaluated in field and retrospective nursery tests in 1989, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Height growth was measured at age 10 for the field tests and at ages 1 to 6 for the retrospective nursery tests. Except for a few cases, the family mean correlations between nursery and field heights were significant for the 1989 and 1992 series, and their corresponding genetic correlations ranged from low to medium (from 0.37 to 0.74). Because of heavy noncrop competition, height growth in the 1991 nursery series showed consistently lower heritabilities and correlations with field performance compared with those of the other two series. Early nursery selection by theoretical prediction was generally efficient for the 1989 and 1992 series. Rank classification analysis indicated that application of early nursery selection should be used with caution for identifying elite families but could be used to cull inferior families or clones, apply multiple-stage selection, or perform positive assortative mating.

Provenance Variation in Phenology of Needle Initiation in White Spruce

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Provenance Variation ◽  
Terminal Buds

Rates of needle initiation in lateral branch terminal buds averaged about six primordia per day between mid-May and mid-September in 10 provenances of white spruce. Variation among the provenances was not apparent until late September; a correlation then emerged between accumulated primordia and height growth. The correlation became increasingly strong in October. Slower growing provenances did not increase their primordia after early September.

An inexpensive portable freezer for in situ freezing in the field

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2160-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Dubuc ◽  
Jean Dubuc ◽  
Francine J Bigras
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Programmable Controller ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Large Trees

A portable freezer was developed to apply frost to branches of large trees to study their growth and recuperation after frost application under natural conditions. The freezer measures 37.5 × 63.5 × 31.5 cm and weighs approximately 3 kg. It consists of two compartments, a freezing compartment and a dry ice compartment. The portable freezer provides a ramp-and-soak freezing pattern using a programmable controller. The nonfreezing temperature plateaus can be set from 1 to 6°C and maintained for 0 to 12 h. The cooling and warming rates can be programmed from 1 to 12°C·h–1. Test temperatures can be maintained for a period of time ranging from 0 to 12 h at set temperatures. Freezers were tested without samples under controlled conditions at ambient temperatures of 0, –5, –10, 5, 15, 20, and 25°C. Under these conditions, the cooling and warming rates showed a deviation of less than ±1°C·h–1 at a set rate of 2°C·h–1. The freezer provides test temperatures as low as –38°C and –47°C at ambient temperatures of 20 and –10°C, respectively. Freezers were also tested under field conditions on attached branches in mature white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees under hardening conditions.

Early growth of planted spruce

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Burdett ◽  
L. J. Herring ◽  
C. F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity

Observations were made on the growth of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and Engelmann spruce (P. engelmanni Parry), each planted at a single location in the interior of British Columbia. In both species bareroot stock (either 2 + 0 seedlings or 2 + 1 transplants) with a low root growth capacity made only limited height growth during the first two seasons after planting. In the first season, many short stem units were formed, whereas in the second season, stem units were much longer but many fewer. The length of needles formed after planting by the bareroot trees was, in the first season, only about half that of needles formed the previous year in the nursery. Needle length increased slightly in the 2nd year. Container-grown trees (1 + 0 seedlings from 336-mL containers), which had a high root growth capacity, made relatively good height growth in the first season when they formed long needles and stem units. Height growth by these seedlings was much less in the second season, however, as were needle length and stem unit number, but not stem unit length. Application of slow release N,P, and K fertilizer at planting improved shoot growth by bareroot trees more in the second season than the first. In contrast, the container-grown stock made a large shoot growth response to fertilization in both the first and the second seasons. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that, as root establishment proceeds, shoot growth tends to be limited by the supply, first of water, then of mineral nutrients. This implies that the early growth of planted spruce can be maximized by using stock with a high root growth capacity, or other adaptations to drought, and applying slow release fertilizer at planting. Observations on the white spruce revealed an acceleration in shoot growth by both stock types during the third season. This followed the establishment, by the end of the second season, of root systems several metres in diameter. A large difference in height: diameter ratio, observed at the time of planting, between the container-grown and bareroot white spruce disappeared entirely in the course of the first three growing seasons.

Height growth pattern of white spruce in relation to site quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Wang ◽  
P.L. Marshall ◽  
K. Klinka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Site Quality

Black and White Spruce Plantings in Minnesota: Container vs Bareroot Stock and Fall vs Spring Planting

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Better Than

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) styrob-lock and paperpot and 3-0 and 2-2 seedlings were planted spring and fall. After four seasons of growth the container seedlings had survival and height growth as good or better than the nursery seedlings. There were no differences in performance between the two container systems. The 2-2 stock generally had better survival than the 3-0 stock. Survival of fall-planted stock was equal to or better than that of the spring-planted stock. Key words: white spruce, black spruce, styroplugs, paper pots, seedlings, transplants, artificial regeneration, fall vs spring planting

How well can we select undamaged site trees for estimating site index?

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D Nigh ◽  
Bobby A Love
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Unbiased Estimates

The best estimates of site index, an indicator of site productivity, are obtained from site trees. Undamaged site trees should be sampled to obtain unbiased estimates of site index. Two juvenile height growth modelling projects provided us with sufficient data to assess our ability to select undamaged lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) site trees. The sample trees were split open to measure height growth from the terminal bud scars. Splitting the stems also revealed damage that was not visible from the outside of the tree. Over 50% of the lodgepole pine trees and 75% of the white spruce trees had damage, which was much higher than expected. Possible causes of damage are frost and insects. The damage does not significantly reduce the height of the spruce trees, but there is evidence that the heights of the lodgepole pine trees are reduced.

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