Biomass and net annual primary production regressions for Populusgrandidentata on three sites in northern lower Michigan

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg J. Koerper ◽  
Curtis J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poor Site

Dimension analysis techniques were used in the harvest of 31 largetooth aspen (Populusgrandidentata Michx.) from three mature stands (55 ± 7 years) representing a wide range of soil quality and clonal variation among aspen in northern lower Michigan, U.S.A. Regression equations were derived to predict component biomass and net annual production from tree dbh. Evaluation by analysis of covariance indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) in regression models among the sites.Total aboveground biomass of P. grandidentata was 171 565, 128 765, and 38 530 kg/ha at the good, intermediate, and poor soil sites where largetooth aspen constituted 81.5, 79.0, and 48.3% of the stand basal area, respectively. Corresponding aboveground net annual production values were 11 038, 7259, and 2925 kg/ha. Component percentages of total biomass were generally similar among sites, except for leaves. Variations in production percentages showed a production per unit leaf weight gradient parallel to the site quality gradient (i.e., poor site production per unit leaf weight was 33% less than the good site value). The errors inherent in the substitution of regressions derived from data from other sites were examined. Total biomass estimates ranged from −27 to +40% of accepted values. Errors for individual components ranged from −33 to +51%. Total aboveground biomass estimates from regressions for the combined data from all sites were acceptable within a standard error of the mean on the good and intermediate sites and with an allowance of 19% error on the poor site.

scholarly journals Biomass Equations for Hardwood Resprouts in Fire-Maintained Pinelands in the Southeastern United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Robertson ◽  
Thomas E. Ostertag
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The ability to estimate plant biomass is important for a wide range of ecological and land-management applications. Species-specific allometric equations for estimating plant biomass still have not been established for hardwood seedling and sapling resprouts in southeastern US Coastal Plain upland pine forests managed with frequent fire. We developed equations to estimate leaf, woody, and total biomass from stem diameter at the base for plants with diameters ranging from 0.1 to 3.3 cm for 14 species of hardwoods commonly found in this forest type. Between 21 and 53 plants per species were measured, collected, and weighed to calculate best-fit regression equations. Fitness indices for equations predicting total biomass ranged from 0.80 to 0.96 among species and was 0.83 for all species combined. Equations were generally very similar among species. Equations were most similar among species that are relatively fire tolerant and typically occupy relatively xeric sites, which had lower levels of leaf and woody biomass per stem diameter at higher diameters. These equations provide reliable estimates of understory hardwood stem biomass for common species in Coastal Plain upland pine forests managed with prescribed burning.

Belowground and aboveground biomass in young postfire lodgepole pine forests of contrasting tree density

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creighton M Litton ◽  
Michael G Ryan ◽  
Daniel B Tinker ◽  
Dennis H Knight
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Wide Range

As much as 40% of live biomass in coniferous forests is located belowground, yet the effect of tree density on biomass allocation is poorly understood. We developed allometric equations using traditional harvesting techniques to estimate coarse root biomass for [Formula: see text]13-year-old postfire lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.). We then used these equations, plus estimates of fine root and aboveground biomass, to estimate total tree biomass and belowground to aboveground biomass ratios in young postfire lodgepole pine stands with a wide range of tree densities. Belowground biomass allocation increased with tree density, but the increase was largely determined by inherent differences associated with tree size, not competition. Stand biomass in trees ranged from 46 to 5529 kg·ha–1 belowground, from 176 to 9400 kg·ha–1 aboveground, and from 222 to 13 685 kg·ha–1 for total biomass. For individual trees, the ratio of belowground to total biomass declined with tree size from 0.44 at a basal diameter of 0.5 cm to 0.11 at a basal diameter of 8 cm. This shift in individual tree allocation caused the proportion of total stand biomass in belowground tissues to increase from 19% in low-density stands with larger trees to 31% in high-density stands with small trees.

scholarly journals Biomass and production of an aspen – mixed hardwood – spodosol ecosystem in northern Wisconsin

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pastor ◽  
J. G. Bockheim
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Unit Leaf

Total biomass of an aspen – mixed hardwood – spodosol ecosystem in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A., was 197 t/ha and net primary production was 11.5 t/ha per year. Populustremuloides Michx. accounted for 60% of the total biomass and 56% of the annual production and Acersaccharum Marsh, accounted for 25% of the biomass and 28% of the annual production. For all species combined, bole wood was 63% of the total biomass and bole bark was 12%. Bole wood was 33% and bole bark was 7% of the total production. Although crowns accounted for only 15% of the total biomass, they were responsible for 49% of net annual production. Using allometric equations from the literature, root biomass and production were calculated as being approximately 10% of the total biomass and of the annual production. The average rate of total production per unit leaf tissue was 5.7 g production/g leaf tissue for P. tremuloides and 3.7 g/g for A. saccharum.

Biomass and productivity of white spruce stands in interior Alaska

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yarie ◽  
K. Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Mature Stands

A total of 58 trees was sampled from eight stands across a large area of interior Alaska. Regression equations were developed to estimate standing aboveground biomass for 22 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands. Aboveground standing biomass of white spruce in mature stands ranged from 0.92 to 23.28 kg/m2 and current annual production ranged from 89 to 2853 g•m−2•year−1.

Aboveground biomass distribution within trees and stands in thinned and fertilized Douglas-fir

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Barclay ◽  
P. C. Pang ◽  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Wood Bark

Nine years after thinning (removal of 2/3 of the basal area) and fertilization (at 448 kg N ha−1, applied as urea), 34-year-old Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were destructively sampled. The dry weights of seven aboveground components were determined and regression equations from dbh were developed. Differences among treatments were shown for all biomass components and the proportions of the total biomass allocated to the various components. Specifically, thinning decreased the proportion of biomass allotted to wood, bark, and dead branches, while increasing the proportions in foliage and live branches; fertilization increased the proportion of biomass in branches, but had negligible effects on the proportions of other components.

Biomass of understory species of Pinus halepensis Mill. forests in the Kassandra Peninsula - Chalkidiki

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Smiris ◽  
F. Maris ◽  
K. Vitoris ◽  
N. Stamou ◽  
P. Ganatsas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Quercus Coccifera ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Cistus Incanus

This  study deals with the biomass estimation of the understory species of Pinus halepensis    forests in the Kassandra peninsula, Chalkidiki (North Greece). These  species are: Quercus    coccifera, Quercus ilex, Phillyrea media, Pistacia lentiscus, Arbutus  unedo, Erica arborea, Erica    manipuliflora, Smilax aspera, Cistus incanus, Cistus monspeliensis,  Fraxinus ornus. A sample of    30 shrubs per species was taken and the dry and fresh weights and the  moisture content of    every component of each species were measured, all of which were processed  for aboveground    biomass data. Then several regression equations were examined to determine  the key words.

Growth responses of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev to sheep saliva after defoliation

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Teng ◽  
Lei Ba ◽  
Deli Wang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Jushan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Leaf Weight

Many studies indicated that saliva from herbivores might be involved in plant growth responses when plants have been grazed. However, there is currently no general agreement on whether saliva can affect plant growth. Our aims were to determine the growth response of plants to sheep saliva after defoliation under diverse environmental conditions (different sward structures), and whether the effect of saliva is influenced by time (duration) after its application. We conducted field experiments with clipping treatments and the application of sheep saliva to the damaged parts of tillers to simulate sheep grazing on the perennial grass Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev during the early growing seasons. Results demonstrated that clipping with saliva application significantly increased tiller numbers 8 weeks after treatments in comparison with clipping alone. A key finding is that the effect of sheep saliva on plant growth was short-lived. Clipping with saliva application increased leaf weight in the second week, while clipping alone had no effect. Moreover, clipping with saliva application promoted the elongation of new leaves (not the old ones) in the first week whereas clipping alone was ineffective. Results also showed that there were no differences between clipping with saliva application and clipping alone for relative height growth rate and aboveground biomass. Therefore, we concluded that saliva application to clipping treatment would produce an additional effect compared to clipping alone for the plant and the positive effects are time dependent. The additional effects primarily embodied in the individual level of plant, such as the changes of leaf weight and leaf length. Beyond the level, the effects of saliva only produced many more tiller numbers rather than the accumulation of aboveground biomass.

Diet of European freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) in small river (Republic of Karelia, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515
Author(s):  
S.F. Komulaynen
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Contents

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) is endangered in Europe and is now listed in the Red Data Book of many countries and regions. The diet of the species in the Syskyänjoki River (a tributary of Lake Ladoga) has been studied. The contents of the intestine generally correspond to the composition of seston, and include organic detritus, filamentous and unicellular algae, fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues mixed with silt and sand. The total biomass of the intestinal contents of varied from 0.8 to 30.6 mg per organism (absolutely dry weight). Margaritifera margaritifera consumes a wide range of particles, from 0.5 μm3 (bacteria and unicellular algae) to 200 000 μm3 (fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues). About 90–95% (by volume) of the intestinal contents was consisted by fine organic detritus. The food composition did not differ significantly for mollusks of different sexes and size. In the intestinal contents, 63 taxa of algae were identified. The number of algal species in the content of one intestine varied from 3 to 17, with their abundance from 250 to 9560 cells per organism. The most abundant and constant in the contents of the intestines are unicellular algae. Diatoms are the most diverse, they make up 50.8% of the total number of species.

Control of properties and structure of steel vessels by cooling in various media at the outlet of rolling and pressing lines

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
R. L. Shatalov ◽  
V. A. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Mineral ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Non Destructive

When controlling the mechanical properties and structure of vessels made of carbon structural steels manufactured by hot deformation on rolling and pressing lines (PPL) of machine-building enterprises of Russia, such cooling media as water, I20 industrial mineral oil, air are used. The applied cooling media are able to provide the workpieces with a given structure with a wide range of mechanical properties. However, the cooling media have a number of technological limitations and conditions of the use, non-compliance with which leads to reject. When cooled in oil, the probability of ignition is high; when cooled in water, hardening cracks may form, and air is not always able to provide the required rate and uniformity of heat transfer to the environment. The efficiency of control of physical and mechanical properties and structure of deformed vessels made of 50 steel by cooling in TERMAT polymer aqueous solutions in different concentrations on PPL of the plant of JSC NPO Pribor was studied. The effect of varying the concentration from 2 to 9% of TERMAT polymer on the formation of metal structure, as well as physical and mechanical properties of hot-deformed vessels was studied. The results of testing the strength and plastic characteristics of vessels by destructive and non-destructive control methods are presented. According to the results of physical and mechanical properties, regression equations were obtained with at least 95% reliability of R2, which establish the relationship between the controlled plastic and strength parameters of the vessel metal`s properties. The conducted researches allowed to compare the indicators of the main physical and mechanical properties of steel vessels at the PPL outlet and to propose methods of inhomogeneity control that reduce time and material costs by 5–10% during the tests.

scholarly journals Standing crops of dominant combretum species at three browsing levels in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Dayton
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Combretum Apiculatum ◽  
Different Levels

In red bushwillow veld near the Sand River in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, a determination was made of the standing crops of Combretum apiculatum and C. zeyheri at browsing levels delineated by the maximum feeding heights of impala (1,5 m), kudu (2,5 m) and giraffe (5,5 m). Using harvested sample trees, logarithmic or linear regression equations were generated which related basal diameter or stem height to biomass or percentage of total biomass at the different levels. Biomass was divided into two components: current shoots and wood plus bark. Regression forms and variables which produced the highest correlation coefficients changed with changes in species or browsing level, however, most equations were logarithmic with basal diameter as the independent variable.

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