Upland–lowland ecotypes not well developed in black spruce in northern Ontario

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Geographical Locations

Seed collected from 30 stands of black spruce, 15 upland and 15 lowland, was tested by germination, nursery performance at two nurseries, and field planting at three locations; results were measured to the 5th and 10th year after planting.Significant differences (seed size, germination, seedling size, survival, and height growth) were found between the three geographical locations: Cochrane, Geraldton, and Thunder Bay. Only very minor differences were found between upland and lowland types. Strong significant differences were found between individual collection stands, indicating that superior stands for seed collection could be located and preserved.

GROWTH AND NUMBERS OF SPECKLED ALDER FOLLOWING LOGGING OF BLACK SPRUCE PEATLANDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Crown Closure ◽  
Speckled Alder

Information collected on speckled alder during an examination of black spruce and balsam fir reproduction in peatlands of northern Ontario indicates that alder develops rapidly following cutting of the softwood overstorey, but the phase of most rapid height growth is completed within about 10 years when it has attained an average height of five to six feet. Openings of various sizes occur in alder stands. Exclusive of openings, the stands examined varied from 16,000 to 30,000 stems per acre, with the crown closure ranging from 40 to 80 per cent and averaging about 50 per cent.

scholarly journals A Height Growth Model and Associated Growth Intercept Models for Estimating Site Index in Black Spruce (Picea mariana Mill. B.S.P.) Plantations in Northern Ontario, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Martin M. Kwiaton ◽  
Jian R. Wang ◽  
Douglas E.B. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract Site quality is a key component of growth and yield models because height growth rates are known to be influenced by available site resources. Accurate prediction of future growth and yield requires site quality information for both plantations and natural stands. The forest industry in northern Ontario relies on high-quality wood and fiber from black spruce (Picea mariana Mill. B.S.P.); therefore, these tools are essential to ensure sustainable forest management. Although there are site index (SI) models for natural-origin black spruce stands in northern Ontario, models for estimating site quality of young black spruce plantations have not been developed. We used stem analysis data collected from 62 plantations (>40 years of age) of pure black spruce across northern Ontario to develop height growth, SI, and variable growth intercept models. The distinct height growth patterns we observed may be attributed to early silvicultural treatments (site preparation and herbicide) in plantations allowing black spruce trees to attain breast height (1.3 m) faster than in fire-origin stands in northern Ontario. Our models can be used to estimate site quality of black spruce plantations, a key consideration for silviculture and forest management planning. We also compare our managed stand SI model to one we developed from a comparable subset of data from black spruce growing in unmanaged stands and propose a method to assign an SI with a common base age to pure upland black spruce stands regardless of origin.

scholarly journals Comparative Height Growth of Eastern Larch and Black Spruce in Northwestern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spruce Stands

Height growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was determined using standard stem analysis methods on trees from two sites in northwestern Ontario. The data were obtained from mixed larch-spruce stands which were relatively undisturbed. The larch exhibited substantially better height growth than the spruce through age 65.

Boreal forest provenance tests used to predict optimal growth and response to climate change: 2. Black spruce

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Thomson ◽  
Claire L. Riddell ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Height, diameter, and survival data were obtained from 20 range-wide black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) provenance trials established from 1973 to 1977. Population response functions based on February minimum temperatures were developed for 23 Ontario and Great Lakes states provenances to predict climate values maximizing height growth for individual seed sources. Site transfer functions based on February maximum temperatures and May maximum temperatures were developed for five test sites to predict climate values maximizing height growth for test locations. Contour lines representing optimal performance were fitted to current (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) climate grids. For black spruce seed sources from the east of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, optimal height growth was achieved between 45° and 47°N; for the western sources optimal performance moved north between 46° and 48°N. In eastern Ontario, height growth of northern sources may increase with transfer to warmer environments and with future temperature increases. Central sources are currently growing at or close to optimum and will be negatively affected by increased future temperatures. Southern sources may currently benefit from transfer to cooler environments, and the effects of global warming may cause significant height growth loss and the potential extirpation of local populations.

Hand and Machine Tree Planting in Northern Ontario

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-478
Author(s):  
W. C. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Precambrian Shield ◽  
Limited Scale ◽  
Commercial Forest

Northern Ontario lies entirely in the Precambrian Shield with its many rock outcrops, sand plains, valleys and extensive lowlands.Tree planting started on a limited scale in Northern Ontario in the 1920's but it was not until the mid-fifties that the program really expanded into millions of trees.White spruce, black spruce, jack pine, red pine and white pine are the most important species planted for commercial forest products.The advent of new site preparation techniques has made possible the planting of areas that were previously by-passed.Due to the rugged conditions in Northern Ontario, tree planting by machine is still not too prevalent.For the purpose of this paper, Northern Ontario is that portion of the province lying north of the historic fur-trading route of the French and Mattawa Rivers and the Great Lakes. The area is made up entirely of Precambrian shield with many outcrops of rock, sand plains of jack pine, valleys and extensive lowlands of spruce.

Alternate Strip Clearcutting in Upland Black Spruce: VIII. Shallow-soil Ecosystems and Their Classification

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Sims ◽  
William D. Towill
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Shallow Soils

Shallow-soil sites in the Nipigon-Beardmore area of northern Ontario are widespread and pose unique operational problems for forest managers. Several working definitions of shallow soils are used in Ontario. More accurate regional definitions are required in order that silvicultural decisions for these sometimes fragile sites may be refined or new ones developed. Harvesting and silvicultural options for shallow-soil sites are limited in the North Central Region.A program of Forest Ecosystem Classification (FEC) for the North Central Region has been designed to provide better understanding of shallow sites and a framework of standardized definitions. The FEC describes several shallow-soil types that occur over boulder pavement or bedrock, and differentiates mainly on the basis of depth-to-rock contact, surface organic material thickness and texture of the primary mineral soil particles. Operational application of this classification may require identification of complexes of shallow-soil types.

Preliminary Site Index Equations for Three Planted Species in Northern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Payandeh ◽  
Yonghe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Graphical Comparison ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract Stem analysis data from plantations of black spruce, white spruce, and jack pine from northern Ontario were fitted to base-age specific and base-age invariant site index models. The resulting equations and their respective parameters were compared via nonlinear analysis of covariance. The base-age specific models produced a somewhat better fit to the data than their base-age invariant counterparts, although the latter are considered theoretically more elegant. Graphical comparison of plantation and natural stand site index curves for the three species showed both similarities and differences. North. J. Appl. For. 12(2):57-63.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document