Development of peripheral periderm from cork strips in Ceratoniasiliqua

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Arbel ◽  
Tova Arzee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Wing Development ◽  
Lateral Extension ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Further Development

The formation of cork in vertical strips on young branches of Ceratoniasiliqua L. is described. The cork strips represent an early stage in the development of peripheral periderm. Initiation of the cork ridges began with the differentiation of lenticels in vertical rows and further development occurred through the subsequent formation of periderm, primarily in the longitudinal direction. A circumfluent covering of periderm was formed eventually by lateral extension of phellogen leading to the gradual coalescence of the cork strips. Similarities with patterns of cork wing development are discussed.

scholarly journals Current hurdles to the translation of nanomedicines from bench to the clinic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana Đorđević ◽  
María Medel Gonzalez ◽  
Inmaculada Conejos-Sánchez ◽  
Barbara Carreira ◽  
Sabina Pozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Product ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Critical Quality Attributes ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Further Development

AbstractThe field of nanomedicine has significantly influenced research areas such as drug delivery, diagnostics, theranostics, and regenerative medicine; however, the further development of this field will face significant challenges at the regulatory level if related guidance remains unclear and unconsolidated. This review describes those features and pathways crucial to the clinical translation of nanomedicine and highlights considerations for early-stage product development. These include identifying those critical quality attributes of the drug product essential for activity and safety, appropriate analytical methods (physical, chemical, biological) for characterization, important process parameters, and adequate pre-clinical models. Additional concerns include the evaluation of batch-to-batch consistency and considerations regarding scaling up that will ensure a successful reproducible manufacturing process. Furthermore, we advise close collaboration with regulatory agencies from the early stages of development to assure an aligned position to accelerate the development of future nanomedicines. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals System development for its disclosure of Portuguese digital type design

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Quelhas ◽  
Vasco Branco ◽  
Rui Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
System Development ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Collaborative System ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Further Development

This study aims to cover the current development of a platform for the disclosure of the Portuguese type design community, since the beginning of the desktop revolution, until today. 
To deepen our understanding, interviews were made to a selected and representative group of type designers from our sample based on several criteria. The interview tested six dimensions: people, processes, products, uses, identity and platform. The results analyzed in the last dimension, through content analysis and quantitative data, lead to the development of an online digital collaborative system – one of our specific objectives. 
Our hypothesis – that the development of a online digital collaborative system would allow further development of knowledge between products, users and authors, as well as, processes and uses – was also corroborated by the interviewers. 
Reviews have been made to reference international online projects to identify their purposes, areas of activity, objectives, mechanisms of interaction, usability and accessibility. This previous research brought together a set of notes that would become essential in the definition and development of our concept. 

The classification of typefaces is a subject of study by researchers and designers, but it is certainly not a topic for complete agreement. Organizing and balancing the content for the database was our first challenge since we were expecting users with good knowledge on the field, but also beginners. Several diagrams were put into test during the early stage of information architecture to better define categories, filters, and sorting methods, as well as users role in the system. The items and categories chosen were redefined in a second stage, and in the third stage hi-fidelity wireframes were produced, to concentrate on design aspects and decisions, and put the system into test and evaluation. 

The current results on the platform development, with the improvements made through several user tests, evaluations and refinements undertaken in all phases of the project have been crucial. We are expecting to run some pilot tests, as well as usability tests prior to the full implementation to further improve the system and meet the expectations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3351

Abstract P311: Cardiac Sympathetic Afferents Does Not Initiate but Contributes to the Further Development of Hypertension in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjun Wang ◽  
Irving H. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Afferents ◽  
Further Development

Sympatho-excitation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, it is unclear what factors initiate and maintain sympatho-excitation in hypertension. Our past studies have confirmed a critical role of cardiac sensory nerve endings that mediate a sympatho-excitatory reflex called the “cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex” (CSAR) in the setting of heart failure. However, whether/when the CSAR is activated and contributes to the development of hypertension remains unclear. To address this issue, we chronically abolished the CSAR by epidural application of a selective afferent neurotoxin, resiniferatoxin (RTX) at the level of the T1-T4 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) by destroying TRPV1-expressing neuronal soma in 8-week and 16-w old spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Conscious blood pressure was monitored before (baseline) and during 2 months post RTX using radio telemetry. As shown in Figure 1A, in early-hypertensive (8-w old) SHR rats, there was no difference in mean arterial pressure (MAP) between vehicle and RTX groups until 3 weeks post intervention. At that time, MAP in vehicle-treated SHR rats continued to increase whereas this increase was largely abolished in the RTX-treated group. In the established (16-w old) SHR rats (Figure 1B), treatment with RTX immediately reduced MAP by ~15 mmHg, which was maintained for the 2-month recording period. These data strongly suggest that although CSAR does not initiate hypertension at the early stage in SHR, it contributes to the further development of hypertension in the mid/late stages. These data support a potential novel therapy possibly involving cardiac afferents.

Capturing Process Knowledge for Multi-Channel Information Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Gao ◽  
John Krogstie
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Process Models ◽  
System Support ◽  
Knowledge Capture ◽  
Process Knowledge ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Channel Information ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Goal Models

In this paper, a case study is used to evaluate the business process characterizing modeling (BPCM) language. The BPCM-framework is meant to guide both business stakeholders and model developers during model-based development. The focus of the approach is the use of BPCM as a starting point for capturing process knowledge when planning and developing information system support. Based on information within the BPCM models, goal models and process models can be developed and used for further development of the BPCM model. The approach in this paper is evaluated using a case study related to the arrangement of a conference series. Through the case study, the authors have confirmed the potential usability and usefulness of BPCM for early stage knowledge capture, getting input for further improvement of the approach.

scholarly journals Early Autism Screening: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Thabtah ◽  
David Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Lengthy Process

Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a neurodevelopmental condition associated with verbal and nonverbal communication, social interactions, and behavioural complications that is becoming increasingly common in many parts of the globe. Identifying individuals on the spectrum has remained a lengthy process for the past few decades due to the fact that some individuals diagnosed with ASD exhibit exceptional skills in areas such as mathematics, arts, and music among others. To improve the accuracy and reliability of autism diagnoses, many scholars have developed pre-diagnosis screening methods to help identify autistic behaviours at an early stage, speed up the clinical diagnosis referral process, and improve the understanding of ASD for the different stakeholders involved, such as parents, caregivers, teachers, and family members. However, the functionality and reliability of those screening tools vary according to different research studies and some have remained questionable. This study evaluates and critically analyses 37 different ASD screening tools in order to identify possible areas that need to be addressed through further development and innovation. More importantly, different criteria associated with existing screening tools, such as accessibility, the fulfilment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) specifications, comprehensibility among the target audience, performance (specifically sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy), web and mobile availability, and popularity have been investigated.

Monitoring the Early Stage Self-Assembly of Enzyme-Assisted Peptide Hydrogels

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Williams ◽  
James Gardiner ◽  
Anders B. Sorensen ◽  
Silvia Marchesan ◽  
Roger J. Mulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Hydrogel Formation ◽  
Assembly Kinetics ◽  
Peptide Hydrogels

The early stages of the self-assembly of peptide hydrogels largely determine their final material properties. Here we discuss experimental methodologies for monitoring the self-assembly kinetics which underpin peptide hydrogel formation. The early stage assembly of an enzyme-catalysed Fmoc-trileucine based self-assembled hydrogel was examined using spectroscopic techniques (circular dichroism, CD, and solution NMR) as well as chromatographic (HPLC) and mechanical (rheology) techniques. Optimal conditions for enzyme-assisted hydrogel formation were identified and the kinetics examined. A lag time associated with the formation and accumulation of the self-assembling peptide monomer was observed and a minimum hydrogelator concentration required for gelation was identified. Subsequent formation of well defined nano- and microscale structures lead to self-supporting hydrogels at a range of substrate and enzyme concentrations. 1H NMR monitoring of the early self-assembly process revealed trends that were well in agreement with those identified using traditional methods (i.e. HPLC, CD, rheology) demonstrating 1H NMR spectroscopy can be used to non-invasively monitor the self-assembly of peptide hydrogels without damaging or perturbing the system.

Towards a sustainability reporting guideline in higher education

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Huber ◽  
Alexander Bassen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reporting Guideline ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Framework ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose So far, sustainability reporting in higher education is in a very early stage – partly, because of the lack of an established and widely recognized sustainability reporting framework for higher education institutions (HEIs). Therefore, a modification of the sustainability code for the use in the higher education context was recently developed in Germany. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate this modification from an academic point of view. Design/methodology/approach The evaluation of the sustainability code is based on selected reporting principles drawn from frameworks of sustainability and financial reporting. Findings The evaluation shows that to a large extent, the modification of the sustainability code for HEIs contributes to the fulfillment of the selected reporting principles. However, it also became evident that there is still room for improvement, especially in terms of clarity and the inclusion of material aspects. Practical implications The need for an implementation manual regarding the modified HEI-specific sustainability code is emphasized, as the sustainability code requires further clarification to be manageable for HEIs. Originality/value This paper provides suggestions for the further development of a sustainability reporting guideline for HEIs to enhance its alignment with both sustainability reporting principles and the needs of HEIs.

scholarly journals Muscle capillarization, their morphology and pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
M. Krotkiewski
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Main Role ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Further Development

Morphological changes in muscles associated with a decrease in the number of fast, oxidizing muscle fibers of type IIA and an increase in the number of fast, glycolytic muscle fibers of type IIB, as well as a violation of the blood supply to muscle tissue, were considered by us in many pathological conditions associated with insulin resistance. Violation of tissue blood supply, closely associated with a decrease in sensitivity to insulin and the degree of hypertension, occurs at a relatively early stage, while an increase in the number of muscle fibers of type IIB occurs later and is associated with an increase in the concentration of atherogenic factors and hyperlipidemia. Type IIB muscle fibers (MF) are the most insulin-insensitive type MF and are not adapted to fat oxidation during muscle work. This contributes to the further development of insulin resistance and obesity; while the excess of fatty acids is sent to the liver, again violating its function. Excessive insulin also inhibits the liver. Hyperinsulinemia leads to inhibition of the synthesis of specific proteins such as the protein transporting testosterone (a sex hormone-binding globulin). As a result, an increased concentration of free testosterone leads to virilization of women and the further development of insulin insensitivity. In contrast to the previously existing concept, which assigned the main role to intra-abdominal adipose tissue, muscles and liver should also be considered as organs involved in the pathogenesis and development of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals INNOVATION PROJECTS AS A BASE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (330) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Ye. N. Nesipbekov ◽  
G.N. Appakova
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Further Development

The relatively weak support of technological enterprises, especially new ones, limits the efficiency of support measures oriented on its further development. Therefore, the State should interfere at the early stage to ensure the research and development of new projects having opportunities for further growth under the simultaneous control for funds not to be allocated for projects having no commercial potential. The support of the innovative projects favors the development and distribution of innovations, stimulates the innovative activity of enterprises and enhances the competitiveness of economy. The paper presents the critical analysis of the innovative projects support system in Kazakhstan. The paper provides the brief characteristics of the results of innovative policy of the country, considers the main instruments of the innovative projects support. Special attention in the paper is paid to the detailed analysis of the innovative projects received grant financing from the State. With that the analysis was made for quantitative indicators of innovative projects in industrial and regional fields, and for social and economic effect from its implementation. Basing on the represented material the paper provides recommendations and suggestions on improving the instruments of innovative projects stimulation in Kazakhstan and development of innovative potential of all participants of innovative process.

scholarly journals Expanding the Mechanochemical Toolbox: Combining X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Scattering for in Situ Time-Resolved Monitoring of Gold Nanoparticle Mechanosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo F M de Oliveira ◽  
Adam Michalchuk ◽  
Ana de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich ◽  
Ralf Bienert ◽  
Roberto M. Torresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detection Capabilities ◽  
X Ray Absorption

<div>The development of time-resolved in situ approaches for monitoring mechanochemical</div><div>transformations has revolutionized the field of mechanochemistry. Currently, the established in</div><div>situ approaches greatly limit the scope of investigations that are possible. Here we develop a new</div><div>approach to simultaneously follow the evolution of bulk atomic and electronic structure during a</div><div>mechanochemical synthesis. This is achieved by coupling two complementary synchrotron-based</div><div>X-ray methods: X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. We apply this method to</div><div>investigate the bottom-up mechanosynthesis of technologically important Au nanoparticles in the</div><div>presence of three different reducing agents. Moreover, we demonstrate how X-ray absorption</div><div>spectroscopy offers unprecedented insight into the early stage generation of growth species (e.g.</div><div>monomers and clusters), which lead to the subsequent formation of nanoparticles. These</div><div>processes are beyond the detection capabilities of diffraction methods. The approach is general,</div><div>and not limited to monitoring NP mechanosynthesis. This combined X-ray approach paves the</div><div>way to new directions in mechanochemical research of advanced electronic materials.</div>

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