Relationship Between the Starch Level at Budbreak and Current Shoot Growth in Abiesbalsamea L.

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Major Form ◽  
Reserve Carbohydrate ◽  
And Storage

Shading and transplanting procedures were used to vary springtime carbohydrate production and storage in 5-year-old balsam fir and Norway spruce seedlings. Current leader growth, and pre- and postbudbreak levels of starch, total sugar, and water in needles, stems, and roots were measured. Leader growth in seedlings shaded only before budbreak was similar to that in unshaded controls, although at budbreak the shaded seedlings had accumulated substantially less starch, the major form of reserve carbohydrate. However, seedlings shaded only after budbreak grew less than unshaded controls, despite similar starch contents at budbreak. Leader growth in seedlings lifted before budbreak and replanted when budbreak occurred in the field was the same as that in seedlings transplanted at field-budbreak, although the starch content was lower in the prebudbreak-lifted seedlings. The results indicate that current shoot growth in these conifers is independent of the level of reserve carbohydrate accumulated in the spring before budbreak.

scholarly journals Postharvest Longevity and Viability of Cooler-stored Lotus Propagules

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Daike Tian ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
Floyd M. Woods ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Postharvest Longevity ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Storage of enlarged lotus rhizomes used as a vegetable crop has been extensively studied, but little is known about the viability of lotus propagules (rhizomes with shoots) during storage. In this study, ornamental lotus, Nelumbo nucifera ‘Embolene’, was used to evaluate the effects of gum acacia, sphagnum moss and Terra-Sorb® hydrogel on the physiology and postharvest longevity or viability of stored lotus propagules. After 45 days of storage at 5C (42F) and 95% RH, there were no decayed propagules, and 94% of total propagules maintained their viability after planting. Water retention and shelf-life of rhizomes were similar among all treatments during storage. However, more water loss occurred with treatments at higher concentrations of gum acacia. After harvest, large differences in total sugar were found among individual samples, while starch content remained unchanged. A strong quadratic relationship was observed between total sugar and storage time for all treatments, but there was no significant effect of treatment on total carbohydrate change in lotus propagules after 45 days of storage.

Derivation of the springtime starch increase in balsam fir (Abies balsamea)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1995-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Conifer Seedlings

The contents of starch, total sugar, crude fat, and moisture were determined during the spring (late March until mid-June) in needles, bark, and wood of 1-year-old balsam fir shoots variously shaded, defoliated, and girdled in late March. The starch content in control shoots peaked during the first week in June, about the time vigorous current shoot elongation began. Shading reduced the concentrations of both starch and total sugar throughout the experimental period, while defoliation decreased them after about mid-spring. Girdling increased the carbohydrate content during early spring in both shaded and unshaded shoots, but decreased it in defoliated shoots. It is concluded that the bulk of the starch accumulating in conifers during the spring is derived from current photosynthesis, the rest being regenerated from carbohydrates produced during the previous year and stored overwinter. Timing the lifting date to maximize the springtime accumulation of starch might be an important consideration when transplanting conifer seedlings.

scholarly journals Testing of microbial additives in the rooting of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stem cuttings

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Repáč ◽  
J. Vencurik ◽  
M. Balanda
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Alginate Bead ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ecm Fungi

&nbsp;Laboratory-produced alginate-bead inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi Cortinarius sp. and&nbsp;Gomphidius glutinosus, fungal commercial products ECtovit<sup>&reg; </sup>and Trichomil<sup>&reg;</sup>, bacterial commercial product BactoFil&nbsp;B<sup>&reg;</sup>, and commercial rooting stimulator Vetozen<sup>&reg;</sup> were applied to a peat-perlite (1:2, v:v) rooting substrate of Norway spruce stem cuttings collected from 4-year-old nursery-grown seedlings immediately before the insertion of cuttings into the substrate. The application of beads free of fungi and the substrate without an additive were the other treatments. The cuttings were rooted in vessels (60 cuttings per vessel, 180 per treatment) placed in a glasshouse and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The cuttings were estimated for one growing season (approximately for 26 weeks) after their insertion into the rooting substrate. Rooting % of the cuttings ranged from 45 (mycelium-free beads) to 75 (control) according to treatments, 64 on average. No significant differences among treatments were found in % of ECM morphotypes, total ECM colonization of roots (%), and growth parameters of shoots and roots of the cuttings. The applied microbial additives were not sufficiently efficient to form treatment-related ectomycorrhizas that were formed by naturally occurring ECM fungi. Inoculation by the ECM fungus Cortinarius sp. and application of Trichomil had a partial stimulative effect on the shoot growth of cuttings. Shoot and root growth parameters were not significantly correlated with total ECM colonization, except for a negative dependence of the root number in Trichomil treatment. A higher concentration of K but lower concentrations of Ca and Mg in Ectovit treatment than in the other treatments were detected.&nbsp; &nbsp;

EFFECTIVE HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE (DORMEX®) APPLICATION FOR BUD BREAK, FLOWERING AND NUT YIELD OF PISTACHIO TREES CV. MATEUR IN WARM GROWING AREAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED GHRAB ◽  
MEHDI BEN MIMOUN
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Effective Hydrogen ◽  
Pistachio Trees

SUMMARYClimate change characterized by global warming is expected to have an incidence on fruit trees’ development and production. The severity of these effects depends on lack of chilling. The current study focused on the research of an optimal dose of hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex®) treatment which can advance the bud break of female pistachio trees (Pistacia veraL.) to ensure better blooming synchronization with pollinators. A field experiment was conducted in northern Tunisia (36°49′N, 9°48′E) on mature pistachio trees. Two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 2% and 4% Dormex® were applied with reference to the control untreated trees. The flowering time, vegetative growth, starch content, productivity and nut characters were followed. Results show that 4% Dormex® advanced the normal bud break by 15 days and flowering by 11 days and improved natural pollination by synchronization of male and female flowers. Consequently, fresh yield and nut quality as split and blank rates and nut weight were improved. However, shoot growth, leaf area and starch content in current shoot seemed unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide applications. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used as 4% Dormex® and sprayed 45 days before bud break to improve pistachio productivity and prevent anomalies of lack of chilling due to global warming that could be more frequent in the Mediterranean areas.

The effect of glyphosate on frond regeneration, bud development and survival, and storage rhizome starch content in bracken

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. A. AL-JAFF ◽  
G. T. COOK ◽  
N. H. STEPHEN ◽  
T. C. ATCHISON ◽  
H. J. DUNCAN
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Changes in contents of some chemical compositions and activities of Hydrolytic and Oxidative Enzymes of Coccinia cordifolia l. fruits

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Ayesha Siddika ◽  
Md Ashraduzzaman ◽  
Shahanaz Khatun ◽  
MMH Khan ◽  
Farzana Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Chemical Compositions

Context: Coccinia Cordifolia Lin. is an important tropical vegetable and it belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. The fruits of C. cordifolia as a rich source of different nutrients were analyzed. Objective: Studies were conducted to investigate the changes of nutritional compositions and hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes of C. cordifolia fruits at different maturity levels. Materials and Methods: The pH was measured by pH meter. The moisture and ash contents were determined by the method of AOAC. Total and water-soluble proteins were determined by the micro- Kjeldhal method and spectrophotometrically respectively. Lipid contents were determined by Bligh and Dyer. Total sugar and starch content were estimated by Anthrone method. Thiamin and riboflavin were estimated by Anonymous and ?-carotene was estimated by Jensen. Vitamin-C content was determined by the titrimetric method. Calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, cupper and magnesium content were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic method. Phosphorus was determined by colorimetric means. The protease and amylase activity were measured by Kunitz and Jayaraman respectively. Invertase activity was assayed by Mahadevan and Sridhar. Results: The pH was acidic. The moisture content decreased and ash content increased with age. Protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, lipid and vitamin contents increased rapidly while starch content decreased with maturation. Mineral contents increased up to the mature stage and decreased in ripen stage. The activity of amylase and invertase increased up to mature and thereafter decreased. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity were high in immature stage but decreased in matured stage and thereafter increased in ripen stage while the activity of protease and lipase increased all the maturity stage. Conclusion: In this study, ripen C. cordifolia fruits contained the highest amount of protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, ?-Carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C whereas matured and immatured C. cordifolia fruits are rich sources of minerals and starch respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22517 J. bio-sci. 21: 35-41, 2013

Influence of dolomite lime on leaching and storage of C, N and S in a Spodosol under Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 55-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ingvar Nilsson ◽  
Stefan Andersson ◽  
Inger Valeur ◽  
Tryggve Persson ◽  
Johan Bergholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
And Storage

Shoot growth processes, assessed by bud development types, reflect Norway spruce vitality and sink prioritization

2006 ◽  
Vol 225 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Polák ◽  
Barrett N. Rock ◽  
Petya Entcheva Campbell ◽  
Jitka Soukupová ◽  
Blanka Solcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Bud Development

A METHOD OF PHENOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR USE IN FOREST INSECT STUDIES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Morris ◽  
F. E. Webb ◽  
C. W. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Correct Sequence ◽  
Insect Sampling ◽  
Selection Of

To ensure correct sequence in the timing of insect sampling or control operations over a large forest area it is desirable to know what phenological differences may be expected. Measurements of shoot elongation provide a simple and objective method for comparing a large number of phenological stations in one season. By this method one or more reference stations have to be visited weekly to permit the plotting of growth curves, but the great majority of the stations have to be visited only twice a year. At any one station the major source of variance in cumulative shoot growth on a given date is between trees and the optimum allocation of sampling resources will usually be based on the selection of one shoot per tree and 10 or more trees of balsam fir per station. The variance is greater for cherry and larger samples are necessary.

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