Invitro Study of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Principal Fungi Associated with Fomesconnatus in Sugar Maple Acersaccharum

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry A. Tattar ◽  
A. E. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Successful Colonization

Isolates of Phialophoramelinii and Acrostaphylus sp. from discolored tissue, Trichodermaviride and Mortierella sp. from decayed tissue, and Fomesconnatus from a narrow band of discolored tissue at the border of decayed and discolored tissue, of sugar maple (Acersaccharum) were grown in liquid culture media containing sources of carbon and nitrogen found in tissue of sugar maple. These compounds included the carbohydrates of wood and their component monosaccharides and translocation compounds from xylem sap. Growth was measured as oven-dried weight of mycelium. All fungi utilized the carbohydrate and nitrogen sources, except Mortierella sp. which did not utilize cellulose or xylose. Only P. melinii utilized substantially gallic acid. The degradation of cell walls in living trees may occur both in discolored and decayed tissue and may be caused by nonhyme-nomycetous and hymenomycetous fungi. Selective utilization of host components by some of these may enable successful colonization of wounds and initiation of the processes of discoloration and decay.

Effect of nutritional factors on DDT-degradation by Mucor alternans

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. E. Anderson ◽  
E. P. Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Insecticide Concentration ◽  
Mycelial Mass

The effects of nutritional factors on the capacity of Mucor alternans to degrade 14C-DDT in shake cultures were investigated. Fungal spores did not grow in media that contained DDT as the sole carbon source, but they remained viable over a 2-month period and developed into a mycelium, once glucose had been added. The degradation of DDT by the fungus was not related to the mycelial mass. The quantity of water-soluble metabolites produced from DDT was, to some extent, dependent on the insecticide concentration, but largely on the carbon and nitrogen sources in the culture media. Largest quantities of the metabolites were formed with glucose and ammonium nitrate. The concentration of glucose affected this metabolism quantitatively. With the exception of ribose, growth on other sugars resulted in a decrease in the production of DDT-metabolites, which was most noticeable when maltose was used. No qualitative differences in the metabolites were observed. When ammonium nitrate was replaced with other nitrogen sources, the production of water-soluble metabolites was substantially reduced (35 to 75%) and qualitative differences in the appearance of metabolites were also observed.

Improvement of biomass and cyclic lipopeptides production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MEP218 by modifying carbon and nitrogen sources and ratios of the culture media

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela B. Medeot ◽  
Magdalena Bertorello-Cuenca ◽  
Juan Pablo Liaudat ◽  
Florencia Alvarez ◽  
María Laura Flores-Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cyclic Lipopeptides

Effect of carbon, nitrogen and physico-chemical factors on patulin production in Penicillium expansum

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Aouatef Mansouri Mansouri ◽  
Miloud Elkarbane ◽  
Mohamed Ben Aziz ◽  
Hasna Nait M’Barek ◽  
Majida Hafidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Environmental and nutritional factors play important roles in regulating production of mycotoxins. Few studies have been reported on the biosynthesis of patulin mycotoxin and the mechanisms that involve its biosynthesis in Penicillium expansum. Here, we investigated the effects of two culture media, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources and effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio on mycotoxin biosynthesis by P. expansum isolated from Moroccan cereals. It was found that pH and temperature had great influence on patulin production. Results also showed that carbon and nitrogen sources influ-enced patulin biosynthesis significantly in this strain. L-glutamate was optimized as important nitrogen source in synthetic culture medium. Effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio was evaluated which indicated the dependence of patulin production on this ratio. These results will provide useful information to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of patulin biosynthesis, and be helpful in developing effective means for controlling a mycotoxin contam-ination of foods and feeds.

scholarly journals Liquid production of entomopathogenic fungi and ultraviolet radiation and temperature effects on produced propagules

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Luize Ottati-de-Lima ◽  
Antonio Batista Filho ◽  
José Eduardo Marcondes de Almeida ◽  
Mariana Hollanda Gassen ◽  
Inajá Marchizeli Wenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Fungal Suspension

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the liquid culture media for the production of Metarhizium anisopliae (IBCB 425) and Beauveria bassiana (IBCB 66), as well as the tolerance of these seedlings to the ultraviolet action and to the temperature. Twelve treatments composed of combinations between carbon and nitrogen concentrations were assessed. In order to determine the effect of ultraviolet radiation, plates with blastos-pores were exposed to it for 25 and 50 seconds. To determine the temperature efect, blastospores from culture media were exposed to 20, 25, 30 and 35°. For the virulence experiments, caterpillars of Diatraea saccharalis were sprayed with 2 mL of fungal suspension with the aid of a Potter tower. Te best media for M. anisopliae are 16.00 g (carbon) + 7.00 g (nitrogen) and 14.40 g (carbon) + 7.00 g (nitrogen), whereas for B. bassiana: 20.00 g (carbon) + 6.30 g (nitrogen) and 20.00 g (carbon) + 7.00 g (nitrogen). Te longer the exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the smaller the number of colonies. At 35°, there is a significant decrease in the formation of colonies. Te produced seedlings of fungi are pathogenic to D. saccharalis.

scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen sources differently influence Penicillium sp. HC1 conidiation in solid and liquid culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (47) ◽  
pp. 2290-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gutierr eacute z Rojas Ivonne ◽  
Tibasosa Rodr iacute guez Geraldine ◽  
Moreno Sarmiento Nubia ◽  
Ximena Rodr iacute guez Bocanegra Mar iacute a ◽  
Montoya Dolly
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Penicillium Sp

scholarly journals Why No Feeding Frenzy? Mechanisms of Nutrient Acquisition and Utilization During Infection by the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1286-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandez ◽  
R. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Metabolism

Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating pathogen of rice and wheat. It is a hemibiotroph that exhibits symptomless biotrophic growth for the first 4 to 5 days of infection of susceptible cultivars before becoming necrotrophic. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how M. oryzae is able to grow, acquire nutrients, and interact with the plant cell during infection. In particular, we describe direct mechanisms (such as the integration of carbon and nitrogen metabolism by trehalose-6-phospate synthase 1) and indirect mechanisms (such as the suppression of host responses) that allow M. oryzae to utilize available host nutrient. We contrast the ability of M. oryzae to voraciously metabolize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources in vitro with the carefully orchestrated development it displays during the biotrophic phase of in planta growth and ask how the two observations can be reconciled. We also look at how nutrient acquisition and effector biology might be linked in order to facilitate rapid colonization of the plant host.

scholarly journals Investigating the expression of F10 and G11 xylanases in Aspergillus niger A09 with qPCR

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 744-752
Author(s):  
Shixiu Cui ◽  
Tianwen Wang ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Liangwei Liu ◽  
Andong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

There exist significant differences between the 2 main types of xylanases, family F10 and G11. A clear understanding of the expression pattern of microbial F10 and G11 under different culture conditions would facilitate better production and industrial application of xylanase. In this study, the fungal xylanase producer Aspergillus niger A09 was systematically investigated in terms of induced expression of xylanase F10 and G11. Results showed that carbon and nitrogen sources could influence xylanase F10 and G11 transcript abundance, with G11 more susceptible to changes in culture media composition. The most favorable carbon and nitrogen sources for high G11 and low F10 production by A. niger A09 were xylan (2%) and (NH4)2C2O4 (0.3%), respectively. Following cultivation at 33 °C for 60 h, the highest xylanase activity (1132 IU per gram of wet mycelia) was observed. On the basis of differential gene expression of F10 and G11, as well as their different properties, we deduced that the F10 protein initially targeted xylan and hydrolyzed it into fragments including xylose, after which xylose acted as the inducer of F10 and G11 gene expression. These speculations also accounted for our failure to identify conditions favoring the high production of F10 but a low production of G11.

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