Black Spruce Fuel Weights and Biomass in Two Interior Alaska Stands

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Barney ◽  
Keith Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Dead Tree ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Moss Layer

This study reports the fuel weight and biomass distribution in a 51-year-old lowland and a 55-year-old upland black spruce (Piceamariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) stand in interior Alaska. Biomass distribution is shown for overstory, standing and down dead tree components, herbaceous understory, and the moss layer. The lowland stand contained over 11000 stems/acre (27170 stems/ha) and 82 ft2 of basal area per acre (18.8 m2 of basal area per hectare), and the upland stand contained 6000 stems/acre (14820 stems/ha) and 96 ft2 of basal area per acre (22.0 m2 of basal area per hectare). Moss layers contributed 54.6 and 45.5 t/acre (120.1 and 100.1 metric t/ha) to biomass totals in the lowland and upland sites, respectively. Total biomass was 64.7 t/acre (142.3 metric t/ha) in the lowland site and 58.0 t/acre (127.6 metric t/ha) in the upland site.

Postfire seed rain of black spruce, a semiserotinous conifer, in forests of interior Alaska

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1575-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Johnstone ◽  
Leslie Boby ◽  
Emily Tissier ◽  
Michelle Mack ◽  
Dave Verbyla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Total Seed

The availability of viable seed can act as an important constraint on plant regeneration following disturbance. This study presents data on seed quantity and quality for black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), a semiserotinous conifer that dominates large areas of North American boreal forest. We sampled seed rain and viability for 2 years after fire (2005–2007) in 39 sites across interior Alaska that burned in 2004. All sites were dominated by black spruce before they burned. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the relative importance of prefire spruce abundance, topography effects, canopy fire severity, and distance to unburned stands in explaining variations in black spruce seed rain. Prefire basal area of spruce that remained standing after fire was a significant predictor of total seed rain, but seed viability was more strongly related to site elevation, canopy fire severity, and distances to unburned stands. Although positive relations between tree basal area and the size of the aerial seed bank may place a first constraint on seed availability, accurate prediction of postfire viable seed rain for serotinous conifers also requires consideration of the effects of abiotic stress and canopy fire severity on seed viability.

Nitrogen dynamics in the forest floor of interior Alaska black spruce ecosystems

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Weber ◽  
K. Van Cleve
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Nitrogen Pool ◽  
Feather Moss ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Moss Layer ◽  
High Enrichment

Low addition levels of high enrichment isotope (>1% of the total nitrogen pool with 99 at.% excess 15N) were used to follow nitrogen movement through selected forest floor components of permafrost-free and permafrost-dominated black spruce ecosystems in subarctic Alaska. The nitrogen pool examined in this study was the total nitrogen pool. 15N was retained most effectively by the feather moss layer (Pleuroziumschreberi (BSG.) Mitt. and Hylocomiumsplendens (Hedw.) BSG.) on both black spruce sites. Twenty-eight months after isotope application the feather moss layer still contained over 90% of the 15N that could be recovered. The limited movement of 15N between feather moss layers and underlying forest floor horizons appeared to be slightly affected by climatological events. Differences in 15N movement patterns between permafrost-free and permafrost-dominated black spruce sites are discussed in terms of precipitation, soil temperature, and biological controls.

Aboveground biomass distribution within trees and stands in thinned and fertilized Douglas-fir

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Barclay ◽  
P. C. Pang ◽  
D. F. W. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Wood Bark

Nine years after thinning (removal of 2/3 of the basal area) and fertilization (at 448 kg N ha−1, applied as urea), 34-year-old Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were destructively sampled. The dry weights of seven aboveground components were determined and regression equations from dbh were developed. Differences among treatments were shown for all biomass components and the proportions of the total biomass allocated to the various components. Specifically, thinning decreased the proportion of biomass allotted to wood, bark, and dead branches, while increasing the proportions in foliage and live branches; fertilization increased the proportion of biomass in branches, but had negligible effects on the proportions of other components.

scholarly journals The Difficulty of Predicting Eastern Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe in Lowland Black Spruce: Model Benchmarking in Northern Minnesota, USA

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Ella R. Gray ◽  
Matthew B. Russell ◽  
Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Model Interpretation

Insects, fungi, and diseases play an important role in forest stand development and subsequently, forest management decisions and treatments. As these disturbance agents commonly occur within and across landscapes, modeling has often been used to inform forest planning and management decisions. However, models are rarely benchmarked, leaving questions about their utility. Here, we assessed the predictive performance of a Bayesian hierarchical model through on–the-ground sampling to explore what features of stand structure or composition may be important factors related to eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum Peck) presence in lowland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.). Twenty-five state-owned stands included in the predictive model were sampled during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Within each stand, data related to the presence of eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe, stand structure, and species composition were collected. The model accurately predicted eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe occurrence for 13 of the 25 stands. The amount of living and dead black spruce basal area differed significantly based on model prediction and observed infestation, but trees per hectare, total living basal area, diameter at breast height, stand age, and species richness were not significantly different. Our results highlight the benefits of model benchmarking to improve model interpretation as well as to inform our understanding of forest health problems across diverse stand conditions.

Evidence of temperature control of production and nutrient cycling in two interior Alaska black spruce ecosystems

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Van Cleve ◽  
Richard Barney ◽  
Robert Schlentner
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
And Function

Selected indices of structure and function were used to evaluate the effect of differing soil thermal regimes on soil-permafrost-dominated (muskeg) and permafrost-free (north-slope) black spruce ecosystems in interior Alaska. The poorly drained, permafrost site displayed cooler soil temperatures and higher soil moisture content than were encountered on the well-drained north slope. Mineral soil nutrient pools generally were largest on the permafrost site. However, low soil temperature acted as a negative feedback control, suppressing soil biological activity, nutrient mineralization, and tree primary production to lower levels on the soil-permafrost-dominated site as compared with the permafrost-free site. Forty percent larger accumulation of tree biomass and 80% greater annual tree productivity occurred on the warmer site.

scholarly journals Developmental Trends of Black Spruce Fibre Attributes in Maturing Plantations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest ◽  
Crown Closure

This study assessed the temporal developmental patterns of commercially relevant fibre attributes (tracheid length and diameters, wall thickness, specific surface area, wood density, microfibril angle, fibre coarseness, and modulus of elasticity) and their interrelationships within maturing black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) plantations. A size-based stratified random sample procedure within 5 semimature plantations located in the Canadian Boreal Forest Region was used to select 50 trees from which radial cross-sectional xylem sequences at breast-height (1.3 m) were cut and analyzed. Statistically, the graphical and linear correlation analyses indicated that the attributes exhibited significant (p≤0.05) relationships among themselves and with morphological tree characteristics. Relative variation of each annually measured attribute declined with increasing size class (basal area quintile). The transitional shifts in temporal correlation patterns occurring at the time of approximate crown closure where suggestive of intrinsic differences in juvenile and mature wood formation processes. The temporal cumulative development patterns of all 8 of the annually measured attributes varied systematically with tree size and exhibited the most rapid rates of change before the trees reached a cambial age of 20 years. At approximately 50 years after establishment, plantation mean attribute values were not dissimilar from those reported for more mature natural-origin stands.

Root rot damage in naturally regenerated stands of spruce and balsam fir in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Root Decay ◽  
Forest Region

In an 11-year study in northern Ontario, root rot damage was heaviest in balsam fir, intermediate in black spruce, and least in white spruce. As a result of root rot, 16, 11, and 6%, respectively, of dominant or codominant trees of the three species were killed or experienced premature windfall. Butt rot, which resulted from the upward extension of root rot into the boles of living trees, led to a scaled cull of 17, 12, and 10%, respectively, of gross merchantable volume of the remaining living trees in the three species. The total volume of wood lost to rot was, therefore, 33, 23, and 16%, respectively. Of 1108 living dominant and codominant balsam fir, 1243 black spruce, and 501 white spruce in 165 stands, 87, 68, and 63%, respectively, exhibited some degree of advanced root decay. Losses resulting from root rot increased with tree age. Significant amounts of root decay and stain (>30% of root volume) first occurred at 60 years of age in balsam fir and 80 years in black spruce and white spruce. For the three species together, the proportion of trees that were dead and windfallen as a result of root rot increased from an average of 3% at 41–50 years to 13% at 71–80 years and 26% at 101–110 years. The root rot index, based on the number of dead and windfallen trees and estimated loss of merchantable volume, also increased, from an average of 17 at 41–50 years to 40 at 71–80 years and 53 at 101–110 years. Death and windfall of balsam fir and black spruce were more common in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Damage to balsam fir was greater in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Forest region than in the Boreal Forest region. In all three tree species, the degree of root rot (decay and stain) was highly correlated with the number of dead and windfallen trees, stand age, and root decay at ground level (as a percentage of basal area) for a 10-tree sample.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN IKAN DENGAN KONDISI LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN ESTUARI DI KABUPATEN BANYUASIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aroef Hukmanan Rais ◽  
Rupawan Rupawan ◽  
Herlan Herlan
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Aurelia Aurita ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

Estuari di wilayah Kabupaten Banyuasin dengan potensi biodiversitas sumber daya ikan yang tinggi, merupakan wilayah penangkapan yang potensial dan berkontribusi besar terhadap poduksi perikanan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Distribusi biomassa sumber daya ikan di wilayah estuari sangat dinamis dan dipengaruhi oleh parameter salinitas dan suhu perairan pada suatu lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kepadatan biomassa ikan dalam hubungannya dengan kondisi lingkungan perairan di wilayah perairan estuari Kabupaten Banyuasin.Pengambilan sampel ikan dilakukan dengan percobaan penangkapan menggunakan alat tangkap trawl mini yang diopeasikan di tiga wilayah estuari yaitu Sungai Banyuasin, Sungai Musi dan Sungai Upang. Pada masing-masing wilayah estuari ditentukan sebanyak empat lokasi sampling. Frekuensi pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak empat kali yaitu pada Maret, Juni, Agustus dan Oktober agar mewakili kondisi musiman.Parameter lingkungan yang dianalisa adalah salinitas, suhu perairan, kecerahan, nitrat, amoniak, total fosfat dan kelimpahan fitoplankton. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 87 spesies ikan telah teridentifikasi. Diperoleh nilai kepadatan biomassa 332,13 – 861,49 kg/km2 di estuari Upang, 590,51 – 2.235,04 kg/km2 di estuari Musi dan 1.296,4 - 33.714,88 kg/km2 di estuari Banyuasin. Spesies ubur-ubur (Aurelia aurita) mendominasi tangkapan pada Agustus hingga Oktober yang mencapai 77,22% dari biomassa total ikan dikarenakan lingkungan yang sesuai untuk keperluan pertumbuhannya. Kepadatan biomassa ikan berkorelasi positif dengan parameter salinitas dan kelimpahan fitoplankton, dan berkorelasi negatif terhadap parameter amoniak. Estuaries of Banyuasin district has a high biodiversity of fish resources and significant contribution to the fisheries production in the South Sumatera Province. The biomass distribution of fish in the estuary fluctuated and probably affected by by salinity and water temperature. This research aims to investigate the correlation between biomass density and environment condition in the estuary of Banyuasin Regency. Sampling was conducted through experimental fishing used a mini trawl that operated in three estuary areas, such as: Banyuasin Rivers, Musi Rivers, and Upang Rivers. Every estuary area was replicated for four sampling sites. Samples were collected during March, June, August and October. The waters parameters analyzed were salinity, water temperature, transparency, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate total, and phytoplankton. The results showed that about 87 species of fish have been identified. The biomass density was 332,13 – 861,49 kg/km2 in estuary Upang, 590,51 – 2.235,04 kg/km2 in estuary Musi and 1.296,4 - 33.714,88 kg/km2 in estuari Banyuasin. A jelly fish (Aurelia aurita) is dominated in August to October, up to 77.22% of total biomass. The biomass density of fish was positively correlated with salinity and phytoplankton abundance, whereas negatively correlated to ammoniac condition.

Chaparral growth-ring analysis as an indicator of stand biomass development

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie A. Uyeda ◽  
Douglas A. Stow ◽  
John F. O'Leary ◽  
Christina Tague ◽  
Philip J. Riggan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Long Time

Chaparral wildfires typically create even-aged stands of vegetation that grow quickly in the first 2 decades following a fire. Patterns of this growth are important for understanding ecosystem productivity and re-establishment success, but are logistically challenging to measure over long time periods. We tested the utility of a novel method of using shrub growth rings to estimate stand-level biomass accumulation at an annual time scale in southern California chaparral. We examined how temporal variation in precipitation and spatial variation in solar irradiation influence that accumulation. Using field measurements and a relationship between stem basal area and aboveground biomass, we estimated current biomass levels in an 11-year-old chaparral stand, and used growth-ring diameters to estimate growth in each year from age 4 to 11 years. We found that annual growth as measured by shrub growth rings tracked closely with patterns of annual precipitation, but not with time since fire. Solar irradiation was not found to be a significant covariate with total biomass by plot, possibly due to sampling area limitations. The close relationship of annual biomass accumulation with annual precipitation indicates that shrub growth-ring measurements can provide a useful metric of stand-level recovery.

Individual-tree basal area growth models for jack pine and black spruce in northern Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianjun Zhang ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Qinglai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Area Growth

Individual-tree models of five-year basal area growth were developed for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in northern Ontario. Tree growth data were collected from long-term permanent plots of pure and mixed stands of the two species. The models were fitted using mixed model methods due to correlated remeasurements of tree growth over time. Since the data covered a wide range of stand ages, stand conditions and tree sizes, serious heterogeneous variances existed in the data. Therefore, the coefficients of the final models were obtained using weighted regression techniques. The models for the two species were evaluated across 4-cm diameter classes using independent data. The results indicated (1) the models of jack pine and black spruce produced similar prediction errors and biases for intermediate-sized trees (12–28 cm in tree diameter), (2) both models yielded relatively large errors and biases for larger trees (> 28 cm) than those for smaller trees, and (3) the jack pine model produced much larger errors and biases for small-sized trees (< 12 cm) than did the black spruce model. Key words: mixed models, repeated measures, model validation

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document