Protective Effect of an Ectomycorrhizal Fungus against the Root Pathogen Myceliumradicisatrovirens

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Richard ◽  
J.-André Fortin ◽  
Alain Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Disease Symptoms

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillusgranulatus prevented the phytopathogenic fungus Myceliumradicisatrovirens from adversely affecting the growth of aseptically grown seedlings of Piceamariana. Disease symptoms caused by M. radicisatrovirens are summarized for aseptically grown pine and spruce seedlings.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Activity of the Mycelium Compared with Oospore Development During Infection of Pea Roots by Aphanomyces euteiches

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 992-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Kjøller ◽  
Søren Rosendahl
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Oospore Formation ◽  
Pea Roots ◽  
Dead Plant

To describe the disease cycle of the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches, enzymatic activity in the mycelium was compared with the development of oospores in pea roots. Plants were inoculated with two zoospore concentrations to achieve different disease levels. Hyphae were stained for fungal alkaline phosphatase activity in the roots. Additionally, enzyme activity was measured after electrophoresis of an A. euteiches-specific glucose-6-phosphate isozyme. Development of oospores in the roots was measured after staining the oospores with trypan blue. In plants inoculated with the higher zoospore concentration, the enzymatic activity of the pathogen mycelium peaked 10 to 14 days after inoculation, when oospore formation was initiated. Oospore formation was associated with a gradual increase in disease symptoms. At the last harvest, plants inoculated with the higher zoospore concentration had died. In these plants, oospores were found in 90% of the root length, while the enzymatic activity of the mycelium was low. This suggests that the pathogen mycelium is only active on living plants and does not grow saprophytically on dead plant material.

The invasion of native forest by Phytophthora cinnamomi. I. Brisbane Ranges, Victoria

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Weste ◽  
P Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
Drainage Channels

Disease within an open sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus species of relatively low stature (15-20 m) was shown to be caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, an introduced root pathogen. Diseased sites were mapped and measured. The rate of advance of the pathogen over a period of 5 months was calculated at 4 m per month through moderately drained soils compared with 7 m per month through soils subject to waterlogging. Areas showing disease symptoms increased from 10.8 to 90%, the major extensions occurring along gullies. Spread of the fungus was associated with road-making activities, waterlogging, and the presence of drainage channels. Symptom expression in the different species was studied and shown to be similar to that associated with water stress. Most of the 42 species comprising the woody flora were susceptible to the disease, those particularly susceptible including the dominants. During a period of 8 months mortalities occurred in 50% of the species. Grasses, sedges, and Eucalyptus goniocalyx appeared to be field-resistant, but were uncommon in the Aora of the sites studied.

scholarly journals Protective effect of brasinosteroid salicilates on spring barley plants exposed to biotic stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
N. E. Manzhalesava ◽  
R. P. Litvinovskaya ◽  
S. N. Poljanskaja ◽  
L. A. Karytsko ◽  
A. P. Savachka
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In laboratory experiments, salicylates 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone and the first synthesized 6-deoxo-24-epicastasterone salicylate act as inducers of plant immunity under biotic stress on the model phytopathosystem of barley-phytopathogenic fungus Helminthosporium teres Sacc. In small-scale field experiments, it was shown that the treatment of plants with brassinosteroid salicylates has a stimulating effect on the formation of protective physiological and biochemical reactions of plants. The most active protective effect exhibited salicylate 24-epibrassinolide.

Colonization of barley roots by endophytic fungi and their reduction of take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 600-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose G. Maciá-Vicente ◽  
Hans-Börje Jansson ◽  
Kurt Mendgen ◽  
Luis V. Lopez-Llorca
Keyword(s):  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Phoma Herbarum ◽  
Axenic Conditions ◽  
Sterile Mycelium ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici

Fungal root endophytes obtained from natural vegetation were tested for antifungal activity in dual culture tests against the root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Fifteen isolates, including Acremonium blochii , Acremonium furcatum , Aspergillus fumigatus , Cylindrocarpon sp., Cylindrocarpon destructans , Dactylaria sp., Fusarium equiseti, Phoma herbarum , Phoma leveillei , and a sterile mycelium, selected based on the dual culture test, were inoculated on barley roots in growth tubes under axenic conditions, both in the absence and presence of G. graminis var. tritici. All isolates colonized the rhizosphere and very often the root cortex without causing disease symptoms and without affecting plant growth. Eight isolates significantly reduced the symptoms caused by G. graminis var. tritici, and 6 of them reduced its presence in the roots.

Protective effect of chitooligosaccharides on hydrogen peroxide-induced PC-12 cells death by inhibition of oxidative damage

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S27-S27
Author(s):  
Xueling Dai ◽  
Ping Chang ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Changjun Lin ◽  
Hanchang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Pc 12 Cells ◽  
Cells Death

Protective effect of Trypanosoma rangeli against infections with a highly virulent strain of Trypanosoma cruzi

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Zuniga ◽  
Teresa Palau ◽  
Pilar Penin ◽  
Carlos Gamallo ◽  
Jose Antonio de Diego
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Trypanosoma Rangeli ◽  
Highly Virulent

The Relationship Between Antioxidant Nutrient Intake and Cataracts in Older People

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Ortega ◽  
López-Sobaler ◽  
Aparicio ◽  
Bermejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Older People ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suffering of cataracts in 177 institutionalized elderly people (61 men and 116 women) aged ≥ 65 years. Dietary intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days using a "precise individual weighing" method. Subjects, who during their earlier years were exposed by their work to sunlight, had a greater risk of suffering cataracts (OR = 3.2; Cl: 1.1–9.3, P < 0.05) than those who worked indoors. A relationship was found between increased vitamin C intake and a reduced prevalence of cataracts (i.e., when comparing those above P95 for vitamin C intake with those below P5; (OR = 0.08; Cl: 0.01–0.75, P 0.05). Among subjects with cataracts, 12.1% had vitamin C intakes of < 61 mg/day (P10) and only 2.2% had intakes of > 183 mg/day (P95) (p < 0.01). Subjects who consumed > 3290 μg/day (P95) of lutein were less likely to have cataracts (OR = 0.086; Cl: 0.007–1.084; p < 0.05) than those whose consumption was < 256 μg/day (P5). In men, high intakes of zeaxanthin seemed to provide a protective effect against the problem (OR = 0.96; Cl: 0.91–0.99; p < 0.05). The results suggest an association exists between exposure to sunlight and the development of cataracts, and that vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin offer some protection against this disorder.

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