Changes in ash tree demography associated with emerald ash borer invasion, indicated by regional forest inventory data from the Great Lakes States

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2165-2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Pugh ◽  
Andrew M. Liebhold ◽  
Randall S. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Great Lakes States ◽  
Regional Forest

The emerald ash borer (EAB) ( Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is a nonnative phloem-feeding beetle that was accidentally introduced near Detroit, Michigan, two to three decades ago. North American ash ( Fraxinus spp.) exhibit little or no resistance, and as this insect species expands its range, extensive mortality results. Previous studies of the impacts of EAB, typical of most insect and disease impact studies, utilized data acquired from sites with known infestations and cannot be used to make regional estimates of change on forest land. By contrast, this study investigated the regional impacts of EAB on the affected resource using information from a large-scale forest inventory (Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service) previously implemented to estimate regional forest resources. Results indicate that since 1980, ash has been increasing throughout many of the Great Lakes States but EAB is reversing this trend in recently invaded areas. Within 50 km of the epicenter of the EAB invasion, a major decline was observed after 2004. For growing stock (trees at least 12.7 cm diameter at breast height), average ash volume decreased from 12.7 to 3.2 m3·ha–1 and mortality increased from 0.1 to 1.4 m3·ha–1·year–1 on timberland between the 2004 and 2009 inventories.

scholarly journals Potential Impacts of Insect-Induced Harvests in the Mixed Forests of New England

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Meghan Graham MacLean ◽  
Jonathan Holt ◽  
Mark Borsuk ◽  
Marla Markowski-Lindsay ◽  
Brett J. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Regional Forest

Forest insects and pathogens have significant impacts on U.S. forests, annually affecting an area nearly three times that of wildfires and timber harvesting combined. However, coupled with these direct effects of forest insects and pathogens are the indirect impacts through influencing forest management practices, such as harvesting. In an earlier study, we surveyed private woodland owners in the northeastern U.S. and 84% of respondents indicated they intended to harvest in at least one of the presented insect invasion scenarios. This harvest response to insects represents a potentially significant shift in the timing, extent, and species selection of harvesting. Here we used the results from the landowner survey, regional forest inventory data, and characteristics of the emerald ash borer (Species: Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888) invasion to examine the potential for a rapidly spreading invasive insect to alter harvest regimes and affect regional forest conditions. Our analysis suggests that 25% of the woodland parcels in the Connecticut River Watershed in New England may intend to harvest in response to emerald ash borer. If the emerald ash borer continues to spread at its current rate within the region, and therefore the associated management response occurs in the next decade, this could result in an increase in harvest frequencies, from 2.6% year−1 (historically) to 3.7% year−1 through to approximately 2030. If harvest intensities remain at levels found in remeasured Forest Inventory and Analysis plots, this insect-initiated harvesting would result in the removal of 12%–13% of the total aboveground biomass. Eighty-one percent of the removed biomass would be from species other than ash, creating a forest disturbance that is over twice the magnitude than that created by emerald ash borer alone, with the most valuable co-occurring species most vulnerable to biomass loss.

scholarly journals Potential impacts of insect-induced harvests in the mixed forests of New England

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Graham MacLean ◽  
Jonathan Holt ◽  
Mark Borsuk ◽  
Marla Markowski-Lindsay ◽  
Brett J. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Family Forest ◽  
Regional Forest

ABSTRACTForest insects and pathogens (FIPs) have significant impacts on U.S. forests, each year affecting an area nearly three times the area of wildfires and timber harvesting combined. We surveyed family forest owners (FFOs) in the northeastern U.S. and 84% of respondents indicated they would harvest in at least one of the presented FIP infestation scenarios. This harvest response represents a potentially significant shift in the timing, extent, and species selection of harvesting in the Northeast. Here we used the landowner survey, regional forest inventory data, and characteristics of the emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis) invasion to examine the potential for a rapidly spreading FIP to alter harvest regimes and affect regional forest conditions. Twenty-five percent of the FFO parcels in the Connecticut River Watershed in New England are likely to be harvested in response to EAB within 10 years. This prediction represents an increase in harvest frequencies, from 2.9%/yr (historically) to 3.7%/yr, on FFO woodlands. At typical harvest intensities, this would result in 13% of the total aboveground biomass removed through these harvests, with 81% of that biomass from species other than ash, creating a forest disturbance that is over twice the magnitude of the disturbance from EAB alone.

scholarly journals Exploiting Growing Stock Volume Maps for Large Scale Forest Resource Assessment: Cross-Comparisons of ASAR- and PALSAR-Based GSV Estimates with Forest Inventory in Central Siberia

Forests ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1753-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hüttich ◽  
Mikhail Korets ◽  
Sergey Bartalev ◽  
Vasily Zharko ◽  
Dmitry Schepaschenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Central Siberia ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Stock Volume

scholarly journals Dispersal of Emerald Ash Borer within an Intensively Managed Quarantine Zone

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Chris Sargent ◽  
Michael Raupp ◽  
Dick Bean ◽  
Alan Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Intensively Managed

Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis) is one of the most destructive insect pests of urban trees in the United States. The objective of the current study was to determine the rate of spread of EAB in a quarantine zone where aggressive intervention tactics such as tree destruction occurred. Historical records were examined from the Maryland Department of Agriculture for the years 2003, 2006, 2007, and 2008, to determine the rate of spread of EAB in Maryland, U.S., within the quarantine zone. Despite attempts at eradication and public education, EAB persisted, and the leading edge of beetles moved away from the central infestation point at an average annual rate of 1 km per year and a maximum annual rate of 1.37 km per year between 2003 and 2008. This paper discusses the relative merits and limitations of this quarantine and eradication program and makes suggestions for future management of EAB.

scholarly journals Surface Compaction Estimates and Soil Sensitivity in Aspen Stands of the Great Lakes States

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Steber ◽  
Ken Brooks ◽  
Charles H. Perry ◽  
Kolka Randy
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Forest Inventory And Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Great Lakes States ◽  
Visual Assessments

Abstract Aspen forests in the Great Lakes States support much of the regional timber industry. Management-induced soil compaction is a concern because it affects forest health and productivity and soil erosion. Soil compaction increases bulk density and soil strength and can also decrease air and water movement into and through the soil profile. Currently, most inventories, and specifically the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, use qualitative estimates of soil compaction. This study compared qualitative estimates with quantitative measurements on aspen clearcuts in five national forests in the Great Lakes States. Research sites were stratified into classes of high and low potential for soil compaction on the basis of soil texture. Qualitative visual assessments of compaction were made according to Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) phase 3 protocols and compared with physical measurements of bulk density, soil compression strength, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. No differences in compaction between high- and low-risk soils were detected using visual assessments, but quantitative measurements in high-risk, fine-textured soils indicated greater compaction than low-risk, coarse-textured soils. These results illustrate shortcomings in qualitative estimates of compaction made according to FIA phase 3 field protocols. Inexpensive quantitative measurements, such as those taken with a pocket penetrometer, may be sufficient to quantify compaction levels within the plots.

scholarly journals Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay as an Early-Warning Tool for Detecting Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Incursions

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2480-2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kyei-Poku ◽  
Debbie Gauthier ◽  
Guoxing Quan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Abstract The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire), is the most destructive invasive insect species of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. An accurate method for early detection of this noxious insect pest is indispensable to providing adequate warning of A. planipennis infestation. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay (EAB-LAMP) was developed based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The EAB-LAMP required only 30 min at 65°C to amplify A. planipennis DNA from specimens collected from geographically distinct locations. There was no cross-reactivity with other Agrilus and insect species. The developed EAB-LAMP differentially detected traces of A. planipennis genome (COI) within frass from various Fraxinus species. EAB-LAMP was also able to distinguish among A. planipennis DNA and other Agrilus species and nontarget insect species in trap captures. By detecting A. planipennis DNA in two additional trap captures (in situ), the EAB-LAMP was more sensitive and reliable than visual inspection. We tested the quantitative nature of the assay by evaluating pooled trap samples and demonstrated that the EAB-LAMP was capable of functioning optimally using a pool size of at least five individual trap samples. This potentially circumvents the need to perform large-scale individual analysis for processing trap samples. Considering its performance, specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability, the developed EAB-LAMP could be a valuable tool to support strategy and operation of large-scale surveillance for A. planipennis and could profitably be used in routine monitoring programs for effective management of A. planipennis.

scholarly journals How does the Emerald Ash Borer ( Agrilus planipennis ) affect ecosystem services and biodiversity components in invaded areas?

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schrader ◽  
R. Baker ◽  
Y. Baranchikov ◽  
L. Dumouchel ◽  
K. S. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis

scholarly journals The phyllosphere microbiome of host trees contributes more than leaf phytochemicals to variation in the Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire gut microbiome structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mogouong ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Pierre Legendre ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

AbstractThe microbiome composition of living organisms is closely linked to essential functions determining the fitness of the host for thriving and adapting to a particular ecosystem. Although multiple factors, including the developmental stage, the diet, and host-microbe coevolution have been reported to drive compositional changes in the microbiome structures, very few attempts have been made to disentangle their various contributions in a global approach. Here, we focus on the emerald ash borer (EAB), an herbivorous pest and a real threat to North American ash tree species, to explore the responses of the adult EAB gut microbiome to ash leaf properties, and to identify potential predictors of EAB microbial variations. The relative contributions of specific host plant properties, namely bacterial and fungal communities on leaves, phytochemical composition, and the geographical coordinates of the sampling sites, to the EAB gut microbial community was examined by canonical analyses. The composition of the phyllosphere microbiome appeared to be a strong predictor of the microbial community structure in EAB guts, explaining 53 and 48% of the variation in fungi and bacteria, respectively. This study suggests a potential covariation of the microorganisms associated with food sources and the insect gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Utility-Scale Solar in the Great Lakes: Analyzing Community Reactions to Solar Developments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1677
Author(s):  
Emma Uebelhor ◽  
Olivia Hintz ◽  
Sarah B. Mills ◽  
Abigail Randall
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Local Newspaper ◽  
Great Lakes States ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Newspaper Articles

In the coming years, it is expected that reliance on utility-scale solar projects for energy production will increase exponentially. As a result, communities throughout the Midwest will become potential solar facility hosts. Previous research has sought to identify factors that influence community support and opposition to solar developments throughout the country. This paper builds upon prior research by examining community perceptions about the economic, environmental, local and global impact of solar projects in four Great Lakes states using a content analysis of local newspaper articles. Ultimately, this paper identifies the most common perceptions of solar facilities and offers some preliminary suggestions on strategies to mitigate the most prevalent concerns.

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