Variation in wood density components within and between Quercus faginea trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Knapic ◽  
José L. Louzada ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Quercus Faginea ◽  
Wood Variation ◽  
Made In

The wood of Quercus faginea Lam. was studied regarding its density variation within and between trees using microdensitometry techniques in 10 trees growing in northern Portugal. The observations were made in mature trees at several height levels (stem base and 1.3, 3.4, 5.5, 7.6, and 9.7 m). Variance analysis was done considering the core cylinder (first 15 rings) and the sheath (last 10 rings) in relation to tree, height level, and ring effects and their interactions. The wood revealed a high mean density of 0.848 g·cm–3 with small differences between earlywood and latewood (0.717 and 0.908 g·cm–3, respectively). Latewood corresponded on average to 66% of the total ring width, which averaged 2.4 mm. Wood density decreased with height and radially from pith to cambium. However, within-tree variation was of very moderate magnitude although higher for juvenile wood. Variation between trees was also small (6% coefficient of variation of the mean) and higher for the mature wood. Quercus faginea wood compares favourably with other oak species with regard to density characteristics and may be considered for production of quality solid wood products.

scholarly journals Wood Density and Ring Width in Quercus rotundifolia Trees in Southern Portugal

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1499
Author(s):  
Vicelina Sousa ◽  
Maria Emília Silva ◽  
José Luís Louzada ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Agrosilvopastoral Systems ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Quercus Rotundifolia

Quercus rotundifolia Lam., known as holm oak or evergreen oak, occurs naturally in the western Mediterranean region, mainly as part of the agroforestry or agrosilvopastoral systems in Portugal (“montado”) and Spain (“dehesa”), and is economically important for acorn production. Less attention has been given to Q. rotundifolia wood, and its density variability is not known, namely related to tree growth. The wood density of 20 Q. rotundifolia trees was measured along the radial direction by X-ray densitometry and the factors responsible for ring width and wood density variation within and between trees were investigated at two sites located within the main species region in southern Portugal. Ring width was significantly different between sites, with an average of 1.81 mm and 1.55 mm. Wood density was very high and averaged between 888 kg/m3 and 914 kg/m3 but not significantly different between sites. Ring width and wood density showed a positive and significant correlation at both sites. Cambial age was the main source of variation for ring width and wood density, while between-tree effects accounted for a considerable proportion of wood density variation. The results are an important contribution for the species valorisation aiming at high-value wood products, also adding knowledge on the species growth of interest for tree selection and sustainable management.

scholarly journals Age trends and within-site effects in wood density and radial growth in Quercus faginea mature trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicelina B. Sousa ◽  
José-Luís Louzada ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quercus Faginea ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
End Uses

Aim of the study: This paper aims to valorize the wood of Quercus faginea Lam. for high quality end uses (e.g. furniture) by studying growth and quality properties using mature trees. Age trends in tree-ring width and wood density are shown and the main factors responsible for variations in tree-ring width and wood density within and between trees are investigated. Area of study: The study site is in the center of Portugal within the natural species distribution area.Material and methods: Radial samples from ten mature trees were collected at 6 heights (from base to 9.7 m) and prepared for X-ray microdensity.Main results: Wood density showed high values, ranging from 0.868 g/cm3 to 0.957 g/cm3. Wood density decreased from pith to bark and with stem height. Cambial age showed a linear relationship with wood density and most of the variation in wood is explained by age. Intra-ring and axial within-tree homogeneity was good.Research highlights: Mature trees of Q. faginea showed high wood density and a high potential for high quality end uses, comparable to other oaks. Wood density is influenced by cambial age and tree-ring width. Wood quality may be improved by tree growth rates adjustment e.g. through an adequate tree stand density (e.g. thinning operations). 

scholarly journals Variation of Ring Width and Wood Density in Two Unmanaged Stands of the Mediterranean Oak Quercus faginea

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicelina Sousa ◽  
José Louzada ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Quercus Faginea ◽  
The Mediterranean

Climate driven trends in tree biomass increment show asynchronous dependence on tree-ring width and wood density variation

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Vannoppen ◽  
Pascal Boeckx ◽  
Tom De Mil ◽  
Vincent Kint ◽  
Quentin Ponette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Biomass Increment

Modelling wood density in European oak (Quercuspetraea and Quercusrobur) and simulating the silvicultural influence

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yin Zhang ◽  
Ruben Eyono Owoundi ◽  
Gérard Nepveu ◽  
Frédéric Mothe ◽  
Jean-François Dhôte
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Average Wood ◽  
European Oak

Wood density in relation to cambial age and ring width was studied in 23 trees of European oak (Quercuspetraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercusrobur L.) from northeast France, and based on these relationships, a model predicting intratree wood density through cambial age and ring width was developed. Wood density is closely correlated with both cambial age and ring width, but its relationships with cambial age and ring width, to some extent, vary from tree to tree. The variation, however, does not show an appreciable pattern with tree height. The model developed is able to predict satisfactorily the average wood density of growth rings in European oak, and to explain the main part of the variation in wood density of individual trees. Furthermore, the model appears also possible to predict the average density of a given small piece of wood from any part of the merchantable bole of the trees. A general model, however, accounts for a relatively low percentage of the variation because there is large intertree variability of wood density in the species. The simulation results reveal that the dynamic silviculture applied to European oak might result in the production of denser and more uniform (in the sense of the radial variation of wood density) wood, compared with classical silviculture.

scholarly journals Exploring the past of Mavrovouni forest in the Pindus Mountain range (Greece) using tree rings of Bosnian pines

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Christopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos M. Fyllas ◽  
Barbara Gmińska-Nowak ◽  
Yasemin Özarslan ◽  
Margarita Arianoutsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Agent ◽  
Fire Ignition ◽  
Animal Grazing

Abstract Key message Long Bosnian pine chronologies from different mountains are shaped by different climatic parameters and can help identify past drought events and reconstruct landscape histories. Abstract We developed a 735-year-long Pinus heldreichii chronology from the southern distribution limit of the species, expanding the available database of long Bosnian pine chronologies. Tree-ring growth was mainly positively correlated with growing degree days (GDD: r1950–2018 = 0.476) while higher temperatures during both winter and growing season also enhanced growth (TWT: r1950–2018 = 0.361 and TGS: 0.289, respectively). Annual precipitation, during both calendar and water years, had a negative but weaker impact on annual tree growth. The newly developed chronology correlates well with chronologies developed from the neighboring mountains. The years with ring width index (RWI) lower than the average were found to correspond to cool years with dry summers. Still, the newly developed chronology was able to capture severe drought events, such as those in 1660, 1687, and 1725. Several old living trees had internal scars presumably caused by fires. Therefore, old mature trees could be used for fire history reconstruction in addition to climate reconstruction. Although the presence of lightning scars indicates an important natural agent of fire ignition, human activities associated with animal grazing could also be an underlying reason for fires in the region.

Variation in wood density and ring width in Acacia melanoxylon at four sites in Portugal

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Tavares ◽  
José L. Louzada ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Acacia Melanoxylon

scholarly journals Contribution of some Acacia Species on Carbon Sequestration in Blue Nile State, Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Acacia Seyal

Background: The current challenge is to reduce the uncertainties in obtaining accurate and reliable data of carbon stock changes and emission factors essential for reporting national inventories. Improvements in above ground biomass estimation can also help account for changes in carbon stock in forest areas that may potentially participate in the Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and other initiatives. Current objectives for such estimates need a unified approach which can be measurable, reportable, and verifiable. This might result to a geographically referenced biomass density database for Sudanese forests that would reduce uncertainties in estimating forest aboveground biomass. The main objective: of this study is to assess potential of some selected forest variables for modeling carbon sequestration for Acacia seyal, vr. Seyal, Acacia seyal, vr. fistula, Acacia Senegal. The specific objectives include development of empirical allometric models for forest biomass estimation, estimation of carbon sequestration for these tree species, estimation of carbon sequestration per hectare and comparing the amount with that reported to the region. A total of 10 sample trees for biomass and carbon determination were selected for each of the three species from El Nour Natural Forest Reserve of the Blue Nile State, Sudan. Data of diameter at breast height, total tree height, tree crown diameter, crown height, and upper stem diameters were measured. Then sample trees were felled and sectioned to their components, and weighed. Subsamples were selected from each component for oven drying at 105 ˚C. Finally allometric models were developed and the aboveground dry weight (dwt) and carbon sequestered per hector were calculated. The results: presents biomass equations, biomass expansion factor and wood density that developed for the trees. In case of inventoried wood volume, corrections for biomass expansion factor and wood density value were done, and new values are suggested for use to convert wood volume to biomass estimates. The results also, indicate that diameter at breast height, crown diameter and tree height are good predictors for estimation of tree dwt and carbon stock. Conclusion: The developed allometric equations in this study gave better estimation of dwt than default value. The average carbon stock was found to be 22.57 t/ha.

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