Development of a model describing modulus of elasticity across environmental and stand density gradients in plantation-grown Pinus radiata within New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1558-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Watt ◽  
Branislav Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Simple Formulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level Model ◽  
End Use

Modulus of elasticity (E) is an important property in plantation grown softwoods that describes resistance of timber to deformation under load and is a key criterion in machine stress grading. This paper presents an accurate (R2 = 0.96) site-level model of E for radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) that is applicable across a wide range of tree ages and broad environmental gradients and sensitive to a wide variation in stand density. In the final model, E increased sigmoidally with age and increased linearly with both stem slenderness (height/diameter at 1.4 m) and mean minimum autumn air temperature. For a given age, the model shows stem slenderness to be the main determinant of environmental variation in E, with variation in E ranging approximately 10 GPa across the range in slenderness. Given the simple formulation, this model could be readily used by managers to gain greater understanding of how they can manipulate stands to achieve desired end-use products and maximize crop value. Further research should extend the developed framework so that it can be used to account for intratree, intertree, and clonal variation in E.

Determining the main and interactive effect of age and clone on wood density, microfibril angle, and modulus of elasticity for Pinus radiata

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1550-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Watt ◽  
Charles Sorensson ◽  
Dave J. Cown ◽  
Heidi S. Dungey ◽  
Robert Evans
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Clonal Variation

Detailed radial measurements of wood properties, taken at breast height, were obtained from control pollinated seedlings and a selection of 13 year old radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) clones. Using these data the key objectives of this study were to determine (i) the magnitude of mean clonal variation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and properties affecting MOE (density and microfibril angle (MFA)) and (ii) whether there is a significant age × clone interaction for these traits. All wood properties were significantly affected by the main and interactive effects of age and clone. There was a relatively linear increase in both MOE and density with tree age, while MFA declined linearly with tree age. Values of density and MOE diverged between the clonal extremes from age 3 to age 12. After diverging markedly up to age 6, differences in MFA between clonal extremes remained relatively constant to age 12. At age 12, values for density, MFA, and MOE varied between clonal extremes by, respectively, 194 kg·m–3 (465–659 kg·m–3), 11.3° (9.6–20.9°), and 11.2 GPa (10.4–21.6 GPa). The seedling material had a relatively intermediate ranking, across the age range, for all traits considered.

scholarly journals Incorporating economic weights into radiata pine breeding selection decisions

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Evison ◽  
Luis A. Apiolaza
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Economic Weights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Breeding Selection

This article introduces the concept of “robust selection”, which proposes tree selection based on the stochastic simulation of economic values to account for the inherent uncertainty of economic weights used in tree selection for breeding programs. The proposed method uses both median ranking and ranking variability as criteria for breeding selection. Using consensus genetic and economic parameters from the New Zealand Radiata Pine Breeding Company program, we compare three selection strategies: deterministic application of economic weights from a vertically integrated bioeconomic model, an equal-weight index often used in operations, and robust selection. All strategies aim to increase value for a breeding objective that includes four traits, i.e., volume, stem sweep, branch size, and wood stiffness (measured as modulus of elasticity), based on a selection index that considers five criteria, i.e., stem diameter at breast height (1.3 m), straightness, branching score, wood density, and modulus of elasticity. Two-thirds of the selected trees were unique for each of the selection strategies. Robust selection achieved the best realised gain for three of the four selection criteria and was the middle performer in the last selection criteria. Considering the high intrinsic uncertainty of economic weights, we suggest that the relevant criterion for the selection of individuals is the maximum median ranking, subject to an acceptable level of variation in that ranking, rather than their narrow performance under a single economic scenario. This will lead to tree selections that perform well under a wide range of economic circumstances.

Stiffness Prediction of Radiata Pine Clearwood Test Pieces Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Thumm ◽  
Roger Meder
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
The Mean

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to predict the modulus of elasticity (stiffness) of samples taken from knot-free sapwood specimens of radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don). The method shows the potential of using NIR spectroscopy for assessment of lumber stiffness. A model based on NIR spectra taken on the radial face of 404 samples of radiata pine clearwood was established to predict stiffness. Samples were moved past the detector at a rate of 900 mm min−1. This model then was used to predict the stiffness of a further 80 samples and the results show an error in prediction of 14% of the mean measured value.

scholarly journals Diversity of Pod Shape in Pisum

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Thomas Henry Noel Ellis ◽  
Julie M. I. Hofer ◽  
Eleni Vikeli ◽  
Michael J. Ambrose ◽  
Paola Higuera-Poveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Determination ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Length Width ◽  
End Use ◽  
Pod Length

The seed-containing pod is the defining structure of plants in the legume family, yet pods exhibit a wide range of morphological variation. Within a species pod characters are likely to be correlated with reproductive strategy, and within cultivated forms will correspond to aspects of yield determination and/or end use. Here variation in pod size, described as pod length: pod width ratio, has been analyzed in pea germplasm represented by 597 accessions. This pod size variation is discussed with respect to population structure and to known classical pod morphology mutants. Variability of the pod length: width ratio can be explained by allelic variation at two genetic loci that may correspond to organ-specific negative regulators of growth.

scholarly journals Evaluating milling and baking quality associated with a Fusarium head blight resistance-enhancing genome deletion in wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Garvin ◽  
Linda Dykes
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
End Use

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding involves improvement of a wide range of traits. However, selection for these traits is only acceptable if the end use quality of the wheat is not compromised. In hard red spring wheat, the predominant end use of flour is bread. In this study, milling and baking quality characteristics were compared in the hard red spring wheat ‘Apogee’ and a near-isogenic line of Apogee (‘A30’) that contains a spontaneous segmental deletion of the long arm of chromosome arm 3DL that is associated with enhanced resistance to Fusarium head blight caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe). Apogee and A30 were grown together in replicated greenhouse experiments, and the resultant grain was used to compare a diverse spectrum of grain characteristics and milling and baking properties of the grain in the two wheat genotypes. The major difference detected was a significant increase in protein content in A30, which had nearly 21% more flour protein than Apogee. This difference did not affect any of the flour properties or baking characteristics evaluated, suggesting that the increased protein concentrations in A30 are not associated with the principal seed storage properties associated with baking quality. These results indicate that despite the size of the deletion in A30, no key genes associated with end use quality are located on that chromosome segment. The deletion may therefore find use in efforts to enhance Fusarium head blight in hard red spring wheat.

Parcel-level model of water and energy end use: Effects of indoor water conservation

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. E507-E516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Morales ◽  
James P. Heaney ◽  
Kenneth R. Friedman ◽  
Jacqueline M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Level Model ◽  
End Use
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