Growth and nutrient dynamics of Douglas-fir seedlings raised with exponential or conventional fertilization and planted with or without fertilizer

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2552-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Everett ◽  
B. J. Hawkins ◽  
S. Kiiskila
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Nutrient Allocation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Exponential Fertilization ◽  
Root Collar

The effects of two operational nursery fertilization regimes on the growth and nutrient dynamics of Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) seedlings after planting were compared. Seedlings were grown in a nursery with nutrients added at a constant rate (conventional fertilization) or at a rate that increased exponentially by 2%·day–1 (exponential fertilization) and planted near Barriere and Victoria, British Columbia. At the time of planting, half of the conventionally fertilized seedlings were planted with slow-release fertilizer packets. Growth and nutrient allocation was observed for 2 years following planting. Although the exponential fertilization regime provided 25% more N in the nursery compared with the conventional fertilization regime, exponentially fertilized seedlings were smaller at the time of planting, did not differ significantly in foliar N concentration, and showed no lasting benefits in growth or nutrient allocation. Two years after planting, there were no significant differences between the conventional and exponential fertilization regimes in seedling height, root collar diameter, total dry mass, or whole-plant N concentration. Seedlings fertilized at the time of planting had greater height and dry mass on the Barriere site but not on the dry Victoria site and whole-plant N concentrations did not differ 2 years after planting.

scholarly journals Relationship between morphological and physiological attributes of hop hornbeam seedlings

2013 ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Ivetic ◽  
Zoran Davorija ◽  
Dragica Vilotic
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Ostrya Carpinifolia

Most commonly used morphological attributes were correlated with nutrient concentration in order to standardize quality assessment of two-year-old hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) seedlings. Diameter has proven to be the best single morphological indicator of seedling quality given its strong positive correlation with all other observed morphological attributes. Seedling dry mass (shoot and root dry mass) and Dickson Quality Index can be considered the most comprehensive indicators of hop hornbeam seedling quality. However, the measuring of mass is destructive and requires a certain amount of time. The absence of strong correlations between physiological and morphological attributes of two-year old seedlings of hop hornbeam suggests the need for further research. The only significant correlation between physiological and morphological attributes (weak and positive) was recorded between the potassium concentration in root and root collar diameter after the second growing season.

scholarly journals Environment and slow-release fertilizer in the production of Euterpe precatoria seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-389
Author(s):  
Ueliton Oliveira de Almeida ◽  
Romeu de Carvalho Andrade Neto ◽  
Aureny Maria Pereira Lunz ◽  
Sônia Regina Nogueira ◽  
David Aquino da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

ABSTRACT Euterpe precatoria Mart. has been demanded due to the functional characteristics of its fruits and, therefore, its planting has been encouraged. However, there is a lack of information about the seedling production system of this palm tree. Neither a favorable environment nor the amount of fertilizer in the substrate have been defined for the production of healthy and vigorous seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of environments and doses of a slow-release fertilizer on the production of E. precatoria seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications and ten plants per plot. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with four environments (under shading levels of 20 %, 30 %, 50 % and 75 %) and five doses of a slow-release fertilizer (0.0 kg m-3, 2.5 kg m-3, 5.0 kg m-3, 7.5 kg m-3 and 10.0 kg m-3 of substrate). The seedling height; root collar diameter; number of leaves; leaf, shoot, root and total dry mass; and the Dickson quality index were analyzed. There were significant interactions between the shaded environments and slow-release fertilizer doses for all the analyzed variables. The 75 %-shaded environment yielded better quality seedlings. The slow-release fertilizer can be used to produce E. precatoria seedlings in environments under shading levels of 50 % and 75 %, being the 4.60 kg m-3 and 8 kg m-3 doses, respectively, the most recommended ones.

scholarly journals Growth and quality of Brazilian pine tree seedlings as affected by container type and volume

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Theodore Aaron Brown ◽  
Valdeci Constantino ◽  
Flavio Zanette
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

Abstract Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae), commonly known as araucaria and Brazilian pine tree, can be grown for their edible pine nuts (pinhões), medicinal properties, and ornamental purposes. The aim was to assess the shoot and root growth and the overall quality of A. angustifolia seedlings grown in containers with different sizes, shapes and composition. Seeds were sowed in five containers: I – 126cm3 polypropylene cone-tainers (small cone-tainers); II – 290cm3 cone-tainers (large cone-tainers); III – 879cm3 polyethylene black bags; IV- 275 cm3 nonwoven fabric (TNT) containers (small TNT container) and; 493 cm3 nonwoven fabric (TNT) containers (large TNT container). Seedlings were evaluated 210 days after sowing, regarding the following variables: aboveground height (cm), root collar diameter (mm), shoot dry mass (g), roots dry mass (g), total dry mass (g), leaf area (cm2), roots area (cm2), roots volume (cm3), sturdiness quotient, root-shoot ratio and Dickson quality index. Height was superior for seedlings grown in the plastic bags (27.6 cm) and the large TNT containers (27.02 cm) when compared to the small and large cone-tainers (21.75 and 21.78 cm, respectively). Plastic bags also presented greater values of root-collar diameter, shoots, roots and total biomass and Dickson Quality index. Small and large TNT containers promoted lower root area and volume when compared to large polyethylene cone-tainers, but allowed for the same or better aboveground growth. Taking all results analyzed together, the polyethylene black bag promoted better growth and quality of Brazilian pine tree seedlings in comparison to the other containers.

scholarly journals Growth and Nitrogen Retranslocation of Nutrient-Loaded Clonal Betula alnoides Transplanted with or without Fertilization

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Ji Zeng ◽  
Bernard Dell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Betula Alnoides ◽  
Root Collar

Nutrient loading can improve the growth and nutrient content of nursery-grown Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, but it is unknown whether nutrient loading enhances growth and nutrient uptake after transplanting. Plants were grown with three nutrient loading treatments (N100, N200, and N400; 100, 200, and 400 mg N per plant as 15N-urea) in nursery containers and then transplanted into plastic pots, with or without controlled-release fertilizer (F0 and F10, 0 and 10 g per plant). The N400 plants had a smaller size but higher nitrogen concentration relative to the N100 and N200 plants before transplanting. However, 180 days after transplanting, the N200 and N400 plants had superior root collar diameter, root length, and root area compared to the N100 plants, due to an increase in 15N retranslocation to new stems and new leaves. Moreover, transplant fertilization (F10) enhanced the height, root collar diameter, root length, and plant dry mass, but not nitrogen concentration or retranslocation, relative to F0. We recommend that medium- and high-dose nutrient loading is implemented in B. alnoides nurseries to optimize growth after transplanting. Additional fertilizer at transplanting may be advantageous in supporting growth, owing to the rapid depletion of nutrient reserves after planting out in the field.

scholarly journals Use of Polyethylene-covered Greenhouses to Improve the Growth of Quercus rubra Seedlings for Reforestation

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Michel Labrecque ◽  
Stevo Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Greenhouse Cultivation ◽  
Root Collar

Seedlings of Quercus rubra were cultivated outdoors and in a polyethylene-covered greenhouse. Their development over the first growing season was monitored and compared, taking into consideration factors such as the time of sowing (fall or spring). Height, root-collar diameter, and oven-dry mass of tops and roots were significantly greater in greenhouse-cultivated seelings. However, the differences were reduced when the seedlings were sown later in the spring. Analysis of top-root ratios showed that the balance of seedlings was not affected by greenhouse cultivation. The results of this study the rapid growth of the seedlings produced in. the greenhouse lead us to reconsider our current production standards. Key words: Grading criteria, greenhouse production, morphological quality, nursery stock. Quercus rubra, seedling production.

scholarly journals Seedling Spacing in the Nursery in Relation to Growth, Yield, and Performance of Stock

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

In three experiments coastal and interior varieties of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm) and western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn.) were grown at a range of spacings, within drills 15 cm apart, at four nurseries in coastal British Columbia. In a fourth experiment the frequency distribution of seed spacings achieved with three types of precision seeders was examined.A 1 cm increase in spacing increased seedling dry weight by 0.5–1.5 g and root collar diameter by 0.2–0.25 mm. up to a spacing of about 8–10 cm. Above this spacing response was less. Height of two-year old (2-0) seedlings was increased little, or even decreased by wider spacing. Height:diameter ratios decreased sharply and shoot:root dry weight ratios decreased or remained unchanged with wider spacing. The number of needle primorida in 2-0 Douglas-fir buds increased up to a spacing of 2 cm. The number of first and second order branches was also increased in 2-0 seedlings of this species by wider spacing. Needle dry weight and area measurements suggested Douglas-fir from wider spacing had more sun type needles than those from closer spacing, which had more shade type needles. Only small increases in root growth capacity (RGC) were associated with wider spacing. None of the precision seeders tested achieved anything like perfect precision of seed placement. With irregularity added by 10–20% non-viable seed and winter mortality, truly precision spaced stands of 2-0 seedlings could not be achieved under existing conditions. Increased spacing of 2–5 cm between seedlings, depending on species and nursery, was justified by yield of acceptable seedlings when culling standard was increased to a root collar diameter of about 6 mm.Three years after planting, survival of white spruce was increased 11% by wider spacing in the nursery, and the corresponding value for Sitka spruce two years after planting was 13%. Seedlings of both species from wider spacings maintained a height and diameter advantage over those from close spacing.

Ectomycorrhizal formation and plantation performance of Douglas-fir nursery stock inoculated with Rhizopogon spores

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Castellano ◽  
James M. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Root Collar

Basidiospores of seven species of hypogeous, ectomycorrhizal fungi were inoculated on four conifer species in a bare-root nursery. Inoculation with either Rhizopogonvinicolor Smith or Rhizopogoncolossus Smith succeeded with two provenances of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). For R. vinicolor, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings. For R. colossus, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings of seed source 062, whereas the medium rate did better with seed source 252. Stem height and root collar diameter of seedling did not differ significantly between treatments and controls. Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated or not inoculated with spores of R. vinicolor were outplanted in southwestern Oregon. After 2 years, inoculated seedlings had significantly greater survival, stem height, root collar diameter, and biomass than noninoculated seedlings. Although new feeder roots of both noninoculated and inoculated seedlings were colonized by indigenous fungi, R. vinicolor persisted on the old root systems of inoculated seedlings and colonized new feeder roots.

scholarly journals Prosperity of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) plantations in relation to the shelter

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sychra ◽  
O. Mauer
Keyword(s):  
Frost Damage ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Length Increment ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Multiple Stems ◽  
Stem Curvature ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Root Collar

The study evaluates the mortality, growth and qualitative characteristics of Douglas fir transplants planted out on clear-cut areas with different shelter. We assessed 11 clearings situated in the Forest Site Complex 4K – acidic beech (Fagetum acidophilum). The young trees were assessed 3 years after planting for the following parameters: total shoot length, increment, root collar diameter, number of multiple stems, stem curvature, crown form, length of needles, colour of needles and frost damage. The lowest mortality and the best growth of Douglas fir plants were recorded in small, sheltered gaps. Large, unsheltered gaps showed low survival, slower growth and poor vitality of plants.  

scholarly journals Influence of mycorrhizal preparation on seedling growth and Armillaria infestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
František Lorenc ◽  
Jan Lubojacký ◽  
Tomáš Tonka
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

The influence of three types of treatment on seedling survival percentage, growth and Armillaria infestation of Fagus sylvatica L. (FAGUS), Abies alba Mill. (ABIES) and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. (PICEA) seedlings were tested in this study: (i) inoculation with the Ectovit<sup>®</sup> preparation containing ectomycorrhizal fungi (INOCUL), (ii) Ectovit<sup>®</sup> preparation + Conavit<sup>®</sup> fertilizer (INOCUL + FERTILIZ) and (iii) the untreated group (CONTROL). The selected sample contained 100 seedlings per each tree species and treatment type (900 seedlings in total). Besides that, 18 months after planting, 10 living seedlings per each species and treatment (90 seedlings in total) were sampled to evaluate root dry mass and Armillaria infestation. The data were statistically evaluated by frequency analysis, analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test. The overall seedling survival percentage was very low, probably due to extreme drought and high temperatures, with significantly lower results for the ABIES INOCUL + FERTILIZ and PICEA INOCUL + FERTILIZ groups. All tested growth characteristics (seedling height increment, root collar diameter increment, seedling shoot dry weight, root dry mass) were significantly higher in PICEA seedlings. Root collar diameter increment showed significant differences within each species and inconsistent results. Armillaria was detected only in the PICEA CONTROL group as rhizomorphs identified as A. ostoyae. The results suggest that the artificial mycorrhizal preparation can be an efficient method of preventing Armillaria infestation, especially in spruce seedlings.

Interactive effects of nitrogen and irradiance on growth and partitioning of dry mass and nitrogen in young tomato plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine C. de Groot ◽  
Leo F. M. Marcelis ◽  
Riki van den Boogaard ◽  
Hans Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
N Limitation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Growth Irradiance ◽  
Dry Mass Partitioning

The interactive effects of irradiance and N on growth of young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were studied. Plants were grown at 70 or 300 μmol photons m–2 s–1, hereafter referred to as 'low' and 'high' irradiance, and at a range of exponential N supply rates (70–370 mg g–1 d–1) or at a constant concentration in the nutrient solution of 12 mM NO3–. At both irradiance levels, leaf area ratio was more important than net assimilation rate (NAR) in explaining effects of N on growth at mild N limitation. However, at severe N limitation, NAR became the most important parameter, as indicated by calculated growth response coefficients. Furthermore, this study shows that N supply and growth irradiance interacted strongly. The decrease of specific leaf area with increasing N limitation and increasing growth irradiance correlated with increasing leaf dry mass percentage and starch concentration. Furthermore, at low irradiance, plants partitioned more dry mass to the stem. Dry mass partitioning to roots increased with decreasing plant N concentration, and this relation appeared to be independent of irradiance. Shading increased plant N concentration and decreased dry mass partitioning to roots. Also, the relationship between plant N concentration and N partitioning to different plant organs was largely independent of growth irradiance.

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