Welfare impacts of the 1996 United States - Canada softwood lumber agreement: an update

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daowei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Price Impact ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Price Model ◽  
Previous Estimate ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Softwood Lumber

This research note provides updated estimates on the market and welfare impacts of the 1996 United States – Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement (SLA). Using the aggregate price model in Zhang (2001), the anticipated change in lumber price is estimated at US$30 (based on 1997 dollars), or 7.4%, on average for the first 4 years under the SLA; this is smaller than the previous estimate. In the fifth year, the price impact was negative because of a decline in lumber demand, oversupply in the United States, and excessive supply from Canada due to the structure and expected expiration of the SLA. The consequent gains to US producers of softwood lumber and the losses to US consumers are reestimated.

Welfare impacts of the 1996 United States - Canada Softwood Lumber (trade) Agreement

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1958-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daowei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Price Impact ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
The U.S

This paper investigates welfare impacts of the 1996 United States – Canada Softwood Lumber (trade) Agreement (SLA), which set up a tariff-regulated quota system to restrict softwood lumber export from Canada to the United States. An aggregate price model is used to estimate the price impact of the SLA, and the implied quantity and welfare effects are examined. The results show that while the anticipated change in lumber price is about $59 in 1997 U.S. dollars or 16%, on average, for the first 4 years under the SLA, the gains to U.S. producers of softwood lumber are large and the losses to U.S. consumers are much larger. In addition, Canadian producers have benefitted from the SLA in the U.S. market, and the Canadian government has collected a small amount of additional export fees. As the overall efficiency costs of the SLA are modest, the SLA can be seen as an effective means of welfare transfer from U.S. consumers to the U.S. and Canadian producers. These results should provide a framework for ongoing trade policy debate.

International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.

scholarly journals How Effective Is the United States-Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement 2006? An Econometric Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Parajuli ◽  
Sun Joseph Chang ◽  
R. Carter Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Econometric Study

scholarly journals Neoliberalism, Class and Culture: The 2008 Federal Elections in Canada and the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Fowler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Economic Relation ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Cultural Variable

In the 2008 federal elections in Canada and The United States, conservative parties used class rhetoric in an attempt to draw votes from the working class. They did so by defining class along narrowly cultural lines, so excluding economic concerns. This research note examines the cases of ‘Ordinary Canadians Don’t Care About The Arts’ and ‘Joe the Plumber’ to show how conservative parties in Canada and the United States are redefining class as a purely cultural variable. Although the rhetoric was not entirely successful, the cases are instructive about the ways that the understandings and importance of class as an economic relation is suppressed by pro-capitalist parties in political elections.

An Exploration of Female Mass Shooters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Silva ◽  
Margaret Schmuhl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Mass Shooting ◽  
And Gender

This research note provides an exploratory examination of female mass shooters in the United States between 1979 and 2019. Specifically, this work provides descriptive statistics of perpetrator, motivation, and incident characteristics. Findings indicate female mass shooters more closely align with male mass shooters than general female homicide and mass murder offenders. The most valuable findings indicate female mass shooters are not motivated by relationship disputes, they often target the workplace, and they are more likely to work in dyads, especially when engaging in ideologically motivated attacks. A discussion of findings provides insight for mass shooting and gender scholars, as well as practitioners seeking to understand female involvement in mass shootings.

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