Wood ash as a fertilizer on drained mires — growth and foliar nutrients of Scots pine

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2734-2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Moilanen ◽  
Klaus Silfverberg ◽  
Hannu Hökkä ◽  
Jorma Issakainen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
High Doses

The availability of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) commonly limits tree growth on drained peatlands. The nutritional status and volume growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) after varying doses of wood ash fertilization were investigated in seven field experiments located on deep-peated sites in Finland between latitudes 63°N and 67°N. Needle samples were taken 14–20 years after fertilization and trees measured 15 years after fertilization. Annual growth rates and differences in foliar nutrients were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA model. A regression model was used in the analysis of periodic relative volume growth. High doses of wood ash (100–265 kg P·ha–1, 225–450 kg K·ha–1) resulted in greater changes in foliar nutrient concentrations and in a stronger growth response than low doses (5–50 kg P·ha–1, 14–210 kg K·ha–1). Significant increases in needle mass and concentrations of P, K, and B were observed in the ash-fertilized stands, with a good status for these elements 20 years after fertilization. Depending on the ash dose, the mean annual volume growth was 0.5–1.4 m3·ha–1 higher than in the control plots during the 15 year postfertilization period.

scholarly journals Response of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand to application of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and lime. 3. Foliar nutrient concentrations and stand development

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
G. Arnold ◽  
A. Van Diest
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Individual Trees

In 1985-88, a 25-yr-old Scots pine forest in Netherlands was limed and fertilized with P, K and Mg in a factoral design. This paper addresses effects of these treatments on foliar nutrient concentrations and tree growth. Stem volume increments of individual trees were measured. Average annual volume growth was estimated to be about 16 msuperscript 3/ha, which may be a slight underestimation. P and K showed increased foliar concentrations immediately after treatment and were the only elements that significantly increased volume growth in 1988-91. Additional annual volume growth of individual trees brought about by P and K corresponded with 0.9 and 2.2 msuperscript 3/ha, respectively. Foliar Mg and Ca increased later and insignificantly reduced and increased volume growth, respectively. Lime and Mg applications tended to lower foliar N. When absolute foliar concentrations and element ratios were compared to Dutch and German standards, it appeared that application of some of these standards in present research would not always have given a fully correct prediction of growth responses to nutrient additions.

scholarly journals Comparison of granulated and loose ash in fertilisation of Scots pine on peatland

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki Hytönen ◽  
Hannu Hökkä
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Poor Site

The effects of wood ash fertilisation on tree nutrition and growth on forested peatlands has been studied using loose ash, but in practice, ash fertilisation is done almost exclusively with granulated ash. In this study, the effects of granulated ash and loose ash (both 5 Mg ha) on the growth and nutrition of Scots pine ( L.) stands were compared between a nitrogen-poor and a nitrogen-rich site over 15 years. On the nitrogen-rich site, wood ash application was also compared with commercial PK fertilisation. On the nitrogen-rich site, mean stand volume growth increase over unfertilised control treatment during the 15 year study period using granulated ash and commercial PK fertiliser was of the same magnitude (on average, 2.2–2.3 m ha a). However, when loose ash was used growth increase over control was higher (3.7 m ha a). On the nitrogen-poor site, the mean growth increase gained by loose or granulated ash (1.4–1.5 m ha a) over the unfertilised control treatment was not significant. Fertilisation with loose ash or PK increased foliar P, K and B concentrations already in the first or second growing season, following fertilisation on both sites. Granulated ash increased foliar P concentrations on the nitrogen-rich site less than loose ash. After an initial increase, foliar P, K and B concentrations decreased at the end of study period. On the nitrogen-poor site, foliar P concentrations were below the deficiency limit by the end of the study period.–1Pinus sylvestris3–1–13–1–13–1–1

scholarly journals Complex study of foliage nutrient status in ash fertilized Scots pine stands in Lithuania

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Response Evaluation ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

In Lithuania, a typical Scots pine stand under the influence of wood ash and nitrogen fertilization, containing different treatments and the control, was analyzed. The study aim was to interpret the foliage and soil analyses, and to find possible indications in the soil-plant relation in the stand. The analyses of the foliage nutrient status in the Scots pine stand when wood ash with/without N was recycled to the forest showed that the significance analyses of changes in the nutrient composition in the soil and needles were the best initial tool for the response evaluation. The comparison of the nutrient concentrations with optimal amounts, critical levels of deficiency or target levels for ratios to N, and applied graphical analyses, could also provide possible indications in the soil-plant relation.

scholarly journals Effect of High Concentrations of Wood Ash on Soil Properties and Development of Young Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9479
Author(s):  
Baiba Jansone ◽  
Valters Samariks ◽  
Modris Okmanis ◽  
Dārta Kļaviņa ◽  
Dagnija Lazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
High Doses ◽  
One Year

Wood ash recycling can be a reasonable method for energy producers to decrease waste problems. Using wood ash as a fertilizer or liming material could improve soil macro and micronutrient content in peat soils. Therefore, the effect of wood ash on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) juvenile growth and nutrient content in the soil after spreading wood ash in medium to high doses before and after planting seedlings was investigated in peat forests in the Eastern part of Latvia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high doses of wood ash on soil properties and the growth of planted Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings up to 10 years after experiment establishment. Wood ash was applied a year before planting seedlings in doses of 5 and 10 t ha−1 and right after planting in concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha−1. Changes in macronutrient content (i.e., phosphorus [P], and potassium [K]) and tree height and diameter at breast height were measured at one and 10 years after establishing the experiment. Fertilization one year prior to planting the seedlings exhibited a positive response on tree height and diameter growth compared to fertilization after the seedlings were planted. Soil samples from fertilized plots one year after establishment contained more P and K in the soil than the control plots. Wood ash application of the highest doses did not reach the overdose limit, as the tree growth (height and diameter at breast height) results of fertilized plots were similar to those of the control fields; therefore, no significant negative effect on tree growth was discovered.

Effects of Thinning and Fertilization on Foliar Nutrient Concentrations of Sugar Maple

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Stone ◽  
D. R. Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dilution Effects

Effects of thinning and fertilization on growth and foliar nutrients were studied in pole-size sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.). Thinning plus fertilization resulted in significantly lower concentrations of foliar N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Zn, B, and Al in the first growing season, and of Mg, Cu, Zn, and Al in the 2nd year. Foliar nutrients in released, but nonfertilized, trees exhibited similar trends. The decreased foliar nutrient concentrations are attributed to dilution effects as a result of increased growth.Fertilization with N, P, and K significantly increased foliar concentrations of those nutrients but did not stimulate radial growth. Thinning resulted in highly significant increase in diameter growth both years.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Program Impacts Yield and Blossom End Rot in Bell Pepper

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Timothy Coolong ◽  
Andre Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Justin Shealey
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Blossom End Rot

High-value vegetable crops such as bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) are heavily fertilized by growers who seek to maximize yields. Field experiments were conducted in Spring 2016 and 2017 evaluating two liquid fertilizers with and without calcium (Ca), applied at three nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) levels in two varieties of bell pepper to determine whether current fertilizer recommendations were adequate and whether fertilizer source impacted fruit yield and quality. Plants were grown using plastic mulch and drip irrigation following standard production practices for the region. Two liquid fertilizer programs [7N–0P–5.8 (7–0–7) and 4N–0P–6.6K/9N–0P–0K–11Ca (4–0–8/CN9)] were applied twice weekly at three N rates (175, 200, and 225 lb/acre N). Yield, cull rate, and foliar nutrient concentrations were measured. In 2016, total marketable yields were greatest [910 boxes/acre (28 lb/box)] and blossom end rot (BER) incidence (14.4%) lowest in plants grown with the supplemental Ca (4–0–8/C9 fertilizer) at 175 lb/acre N. Cull rates increased in plants grown without supplemental Ca during the season (7–0–7 fertilizer), with BER incidence ranging from 22.9% to 27.2%. Yields ranged from 590 to 740 boxes/acre in plants grown without supplemental Ca in 2016. In 2017, yields ranged from 530 to 790 boxes/acre in plants grown with supplemental Ca at 200 and 175 lb/acre N, respectively. Culls due to BER were lower in 2017 than in 2016. In 2016, BER incidence was greater in ‘PSO9979325’ compared with ‘Antebellum’, despite no differences in total yield. Foliar nutrient levels were largely unaffected by fertilizer program; however, foliar N and K concentrations increased with the rate of N and K fertilization. The results of this study suggest that using liquid fertilizer program containing some Ca may benefit bell pepper growers in some, but not all, growing seasons.

scholarly journals Response of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stand to application of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and lime. 1. Soil data

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-265
Author(s):  
G. Arnold ◽  
A. Van Diest
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Scots Pine Forest

In 1985-1988, a 25-yr-old Scots pine forest in Netherlands was limed and fertilized with P, K and Mg in a 24 factorial design and in an experiment with 5 liming levels, in order to alleviate potential nutrient deficiencies as a result of high N depositions (ca. 40 kg ha-1 yr-1). In this paper, effects of fertilization and liming on nutrients in forest floor and mineral soil are discussed as a basis for explanation of foliar nutrient concentrations and tree performance. Of all treatments, liming showed the widest array of effects, especially in forest floor: raised pH and lowered extractable Al in forest floor, and after 4 yr those in 0-50 cm mineral soil. These effects, except for that on forest floor pH, were stronger with increasing lime dosages. Liming showed transient effects on amounts of soil inorganic N (Ni). Until 1989, Ni in forest floor was lowered and that in mineral soil was raised by liming. This could be attributed to the formation of NO3, which is more mobile than NH4. Plots limed with 3 t lime/ha appeared to have higher Ni concentrations in the whole sampled profile than those limed with >3 t/ha or unlimed plots, the reason for which is unclear. Liming removed extractable K and Mg from forest floor probably by exchange against Ca. Residence time of added P and possibly Mg in forest floor was increased by liming, probably by solubility of added fertilizers. Added K was poorly retained in forest floor and probably quickly leached to soil layers deeper than 50 cm.

Ten-year growth response to fertilizers by semimature black spruce and spruce-poplar mixedwoods near Kapuskasing, Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations

Five- and 10-year mean DBH, BA and volume growth responses to N, P and K fertilizer combinations are reported for three field trials in semimature black spruce and spruce-poplar mixedwoods in the clay belt of northern Ontario. Responses, though present, were generally nonsignificant. Modest responses to N, improved somewhat by the addition of K, but not P, were noted in a pure black spruce stand on an upland site. On a lowland site, however, no response by pure black spruce to either N or K, and only a small, nonsignificant response to P, were noted. In an upland mixedwood stand containing mainly black spruce and balsam poplar, responses were variable. In comparison with jack pine in northern Ontario, black spruce has responded poorly to mineral fertilizers. Results are discussed in relation to foliar nutrient concentrations and are compared with results from other fertilizer trials in the eastern boreal forest.

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