scholarly journals Modeling early forest succession following clear-cutting in western Oregon

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1889-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Yang ◽  
Warren B Cohen ◽  
Mark E Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Conifer Regeneration ◽  
Richards Function

In the Pacific Northwest, the process of conifer development after stand-replacing disturbance has important implications for many forest processes (e.g., carbon storage, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity). This paper examines conifer development in the Coast Range Province and Western Cascades Province of Oregon using repeat interpretation of historic aerial photographs from 1959 to 1997 to examine the canopy cover change of different life forms: shrubs, hardwood trees, and conifer trees. Ninety-four stands from the Western Cascades Province and 59 stands from the Coast Range Province were photointerpreted in roughly 5-year intervals. A Chapman–Richards growth function was used to model conifer cover development for all sample stands. Based on the photo data and the Chapman–Richards function, these stands were classified into one of seven early forest successional trajectories defined by the vegetation physiognomy. Succession in the Coast Range Province and Western Cascades Province were compared using parameters derived from the Chapman–Richards growth function. Our results echo previous studies in that rates and densities of conifer regeneration varied markedly among sites; however, our results also indicate that early forest succession differs in the two study regions in terms of both trajectories and rates. Conifer regeneration in the Western Cascades Province tends to have longer delays in establishing and slower rates compared with the Coast Range Province.

Succession of bryophyte assemblages following clear-cut logging in boreal spruce-dominated forests in south-central Sweden — Does retrogressive succession occur?

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schmalholz ◽  
Kristoffer Hylander
Keyword(s):  
Forest Succession ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
South Central ◽  
Litter Cover

The recovery process of boreal bryophyte communities after clear-cutting was studied in a chronosequence in south-central Sweden. We hypothesized that high initial grass cover on clearcuts, high litter cover and low light levels during canopy closure, and shortage of coarse woody substrates would constrain recovery in different ways. Instead, both epigeic and epixylic guilds (i.e., species growing on forest floor and deadwood) displayed a gradual increase in similarity over time from the clear-cut phase, perhaps because of the absence of distinct peaks in needle litter and canopy cover. Epixylic species started to recover long before the accumulation of deadwood, indicating that microclimate rather than substrate availability was the most constraining factor during the first 50 years. Since we did not find any other bottlenecks during the succession after clear-cutting, conservation measures aiming at decreasing local extinction rates during clear-cutting may also increase long-term persistence. On the other hand, as the results from the epixylic guild suggest, other factors during the forest succession, such as the development of a suitable microclimate, might be more important for some organisms, thus possibly mitigating such long-term positive effects of adjusted management during the clear-cutting operation.

scholarly journals Evaluating Plantation Forest vs. Natural Forest Regeneration for Biodiversity Enhancement in Hong Kong

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Janet E. Nichol ◽  
Sawaid Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Plantation Forestry ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Natural Forest Regeneration ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Global trends predict a continuous increase in the proportion of forest occupied by plantations up to the end of the 21st century, while a dramatic loss of biodiversity is foreseen as a result of anthropogenic exploitation and climate change. This study compares the role and performance of plantation policies in Hong Kong, with natural regeneration of secondary forest, using detailed spatio-temporal data extracted from a previous study. The study extends over a 70-year period from 1945 to 2014 using aerial photographs and satellite images of five time periods to document spatio-temporal trends in plantation forestry and natural forest succession. Field data on species richness and woody biomass at different stages of forest succession are compared with available data from plantations in the same study area. Results indicate that plantation forests support relatively few native species in the understory, with much lower species richness than naturally regenerated forest, even after 6 to 7 decades. Time-sequential maps of habitat change show that natural forest succession from barren grassy hillsides, progressed at an annual rate of 7.8%, from only 0.2% of the landscape post WWII, to over 37% today. Plantation forestry on the other hand has been less successful, and has even acted as a barrier to natural forest regeneration, as mono-cultural plantations from the late 1960s to 1980s are still plantations today, whereas other similar areas have succeeded naturally to forest. The theory of plantations acting as a nurse crop for a woody native understory is not supported, as Pinus massoniana plantations, destroyed by two deadly nematodes during the 1970s, apparently had no woody understory, as they were seen to have reverted to grassland in 1989 and are still mainly grassland today.

Management of Ventenata dubia in the inland Pacific Northwest with indaziflam

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay E. Koby ◽  
Timothy S. Prather ◽  
Harold Quicke ◽  
Jared Beuschlein ◽  
Ian C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Cover Class ◽  
Visual Assessments

AbstractVentenata [Ventenata dubia (Leers) Cross] is a winter annual grass relatively new to the inland Pacific Northwest that is capable of displacing desired vegetation. Indaziflam was evaluated for the management of V. dubia on two Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sites near Moscow, ID, and Pullman, WA. While perennial grasses were dormant, applications of indaziflam in mixture with various herbicides were made in spring 2016. Treatment effects were evaluated for 2 yr by visual assessments of community composition and canopy cover of V. dubia and other non-weedy species (assessments occurred 3 to 6 mo after treatment, depending on location) and by representative cover class assessments. Biomass samples of all plant species were collected in the summer of 2017. Reduced V. dubia cover was observed in 2016, except when glyphosate was used alone. In 2017 indaziflam applied alone or in mixture with rimsulfuron effectively controlled V. dubia with minimal impact on desirable vegetation. Plant biomass from nontreated plots averaged 40 g m−2 for V. dubia and 100 to 179 g m−2 for perennial grasses. Plant biomass averaged <11 g m−2 for V. dubia and 371 to 490 g m−2 for perennial grasses when indaziflam at 102 g ai ha−1 plus glyphosate at 474 g ai ha−1 was applied. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) biomass was positively associated with the reduction of V. dubia, and there was a decrease in diversity associated with the removal of V. dubia through effective treatments. Indaziflam is an effective tool for the management of V. dubia in perennial grass stands, and spring applications of indaziflam should be in mixture with herbicides with POST activity.

Comment on “Wetland drying and succession across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands, south-central Alaska”Appears in Can. J. For. Res. 35: 1931-1941 (2005).

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Gracz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
South Central ◽  
Tectonic Processes

Klein et al. (2005, Can. J. For. Res. 35: 1931–1941) compare aerial photographs and report dramatically lower lake levels on the northern Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. They hypothesize that the lower lake levels may be caused by a decline in moisture surplus driven by climate change. However, the reported decline in surplus appears to be insufficient to explain the lower lake levels. Here I develop a simple sensitivity analysis to test their hypothesis and also show how tectonic processes such as the Great Alaskan earthquake could dramatically lower lake levels by fracturing an underlying aquitard. Tectonic processes, therefore, could potentially alter forest succession and wetland ecosystems by inducing hydrologic changes that mimic changes in climate.

Seed-bank contributions to regeneration of shrub species after clear-cutting and burning

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Morgan ◽  
L. F. Neuenschwander
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Clear Cutting

Seed banks contributed significantly to regeneration of early seral shrubs after clear-cutting and fall broadcast burning of dense coniferous forests of the Thuja plicata/Clintonia uniflora habitat type in northern Idaho. Seeds were separated from 36 samples of soil and surface organic matter from 15 uncut forest stands. Total seed density averaged 1151 ± 1896 seeds/m2, and seed density for individual shrub species ranged from 1 ± 3 to 690 ± 1728 seeds/m2. Canopy cover of the "obligate" seed bank species, such as Ceanothus sanguineus and Prunus emarginata, was low or nonexistent in uncut forests, seed constancy and density in seed bank were high, and seedling regeneration on 2-year-old burns was abundant. Species that were "non-reliant" on seed banks, including Symphoricarpos albus and Rosa gymnocarpa, resprouted and no seedlings were found after burning. Response of "opportunistic" seed-bank species such as Rubus parviflorus and Rubus ursinus was intermediate; both seedling and sprout regeneration occurred after cutting and burning. These species existed in uncut stands both in the seed bank and in the understory. Burn severity affected germination and (or) seedling survival of Ceanothus sanguineus. Its percent canopy cover was greater on high-severity than on low-severity 2-year-old burns.

Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee E. Benda ◽  
Terrance W. Cundy
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast Range ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Channel Slope ◽  
Junction Angle

An empirical model for predicting deposition of coarse-textured debris flows in confined mountain channels is developed based on field measurements of 14 debris flows in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. The model uses two criteria for deposition: channel slope (less than 3.5°) and tributary junction angle (greater than 70°). The model is tested by predicting travel distances of 15 debris flows in the Oregon Coast Range and six debris flows in the Washington Cascades, U.S.A. The model is further tested on 44 debris flows in two lithological types in the Oregon Coast Range using aerial photos and topographic maps; on these flows only the approximate travel distance is known. The model can be used by resource professionals to identify the potential for impacts from debris flows. Key words: debris flow, deposition, travel, erosion.

Spatial simulation of forest succession and timber harvesting using LANDIS

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Gustafson ◽  
Stephen R Shifley ◽  
David J Mladenoff ◽  
Kevin K Nimerfro ◽  
Hong S He
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Wide Range

The LANDIS model simulates ecological dynamics, including forest succession, disturbance, seed dispersal and establishment, fire and wind disturbance, and their interactions. We describe the addition to LANDIS of capabilities to simulate forest vegetation management, including harvest. Stands (groups of cells) are prioritized for harvest using one of four ranking algorithms that use criteria related to forest management objectives. Cells within a selected stand are harvested according to the species and age cohort removal rules specified in a prescription. These flexible removal rules allow simulation of a wide range of prescriptions such as prescribed burning, thinning, single-tree selection, and clear-cutting. We present a case study of the application of LANDIS to a managed watershed in the Missouri (U.S.A.) Ozark Mountains to illustrate the utility of this approach to simulate succession as a response to forest management and other disturbance. The different cutting practices produced differences in species and size-class composition, average patch sizes (for patches defined by forest type or by size class), and amount of forest edge across the landscape. The capabilities of LANDIS provide a modeling tool to investigate questions of how timber management changes forest composition and spatial pattern, providing insight into ecological response to forest management.

scholarly journals Reclaimed Mine Sites: Forests and Plant Diversity

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Pavla Vachova ◽  
Marek Vach ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Alena Walmsley ◽  
Martin Berka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Spontaneous Succession ◽  
Mine Sites

The relationship between vegetation and selected soil characteristics in different monoculture forest types was investigated as part of a landscape restoration project after brown coal mining. Six forest types were selected: alder (Alnus sp.), spruce (Picea sp.), pine (Pinus sp.), larch (Larix sp.), long-term deciduous forest (Quercus robur, Tilia sp.), and forest created by spontaneous succession. These stands were classified into two age categories (younger and older). The soil attributes, C/N, TC, TN, pH, and A horizon depth were assessed. The observed species were categorized into functional groups by life history, life forms according to Raunkiær, and affinity to the forest environment. C/N ratio, humus thickness, and canopy cover were the main soil parameters affecting plant communities. The highest C/N values were recorded in Pinus and Larix stands, which were significantly different from deciduous and succession stands. The highest diversity index was noted in younger stands of Alnus and the lowest in younger stands of Picea. Intermediate values of the diversity index were achieved in successional stands at both age levels and in Larix and Alnus stands. The species belonging to a functional group was not an important factor in these habitat types. The species composition and vegetation change over time in the Alnus, long-life deciduous, and Larix stands show that these species are more suitable for forestry reclamation than spruce or pine. The study also emphasizes the great value of spontaneous succession areas as full-fledged alternatives to forestry reclamation.

The ecology of plants: from seed to seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-132
Author(s):  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Plant Community Ecology ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ground Herbs

This chapter deals with the ecology of Tropical East Asia from a plant perspective. The life cycle of forest trees is covered in detail, including their vegetative and reproductive phenology, pollination, seed dispersal, seed predation, and the seedling, sapling, and adult stages. Other life forms, including lianas, ground herbs, epiphytes, hemi-epiphytes, and parasites are considered in less detail. Recent advances in plant community ecology are discussed, including the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of species diversity in tropical forests (niche differentiation, growth–survival trade-offs, conspecific negative density-dependent mortality, neutral theory), and the influence of functional traits and phylogeny on community assembly. Forest succession is discussed in a regional context.

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