Variation of paternal contribution in a seed orchard of Cryptomeria japonica determined using microsatellite markers

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1683-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinari Moriguchi ◽  
Hideaki Taira ◽  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Yoshihiko Tsumura
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Self Fertilization

We investigated gene flow and pollen contamination in a seed orchard of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don using six microsatellite markers. The quality of a seed crop is determined by many factors, including the rate of pollen contamination from outside sources, degree of self-fertilization, and equality of the clones as pollen donors. The surveyed seed orchard consisted of 62 clones and a total of 360 ramets. The seeds from 12 mother trees in the seed orchard were investigated using six highly polymorphic loci with high multipaternity exclusion probability (0.999). The estimated average pollen contamination rate was high at 47.78% (±4.12%), and the clonal self-fertilization rate was 2.22% (±0.94%) when we assumed that null alleles were present. The high pollen contamination rate could dramatically reduce the quality of the seed crop. The contamination rate differed from tree to tree, but the differences were not related to the location of each individual. The levels of contribution as pollen donors differed significantly amongst clones in the seed orchard. Differences in flowering phenology and relative pollen fecundity may be responsible for the differences in paternal contributions. The effective distance of pollen dispersal in this C. japonica seed orchard seemed to be greater than previously estimated.

Inter-year variation in selfing, background pollination, and paternal contribution in a Norway spruce clonal seed orchard

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 760-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Dering ◽  
Andrzej Misiorny ◽  
Władysław Chałupka
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternal Contribution ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite

We aimed to investigate inter-year variability in mating system and paternity in an experimental Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clonal seed orchard that was established with five geographically distinct populations. Using five nuclear microsatellite markers, we analysed 1396 progeny of five mother trees representing each of the populations in three successive mast-years. Selfing varied among mother trees, ranging from 0% to 18.3% with a mean of 13.9% in 1994, 10.1% in 2004, and 7.6% in 2006. Considerable background pollination was observed in each of the three studied mast-years and reached ca. 58%. The paternity assignment conducted showed an uneven male contribution to the seed crop, what was partly related to the number of ramets per paternal clone. All provenances contributed to the seed crop, but with different input, and two provenances dominated. Effective pollen dispersal was significantly determined by distance, with 72.2% of the seed crop resulting from crosses at a distance of up to 15 m. Our study indicated that despite considerable differences in the geographic origin of populations, inter-mating between clones from each population was possible, which generally agrees with the expectations related to the establishment of this seed orchard.

Mating patterns in an indoor miniature Cryptomeria japonica seed orchard as revealed by microsatellite markers

New Forests ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinari Moriguchi ◽  
Yoko Yamazaki ◽  
Hideaki Taira ◽  
Yoshihiko Tsumura
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Mating Patterns

Factors affecting pollen dynamics and its importance to pollen contamination: a review

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di-Giovanni ◽  
P. G. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Natural Stands

Pollen contamination causes major losses to genetic improvement from selection and breeding of "plus" trees in conifer seed orchards. Genetic losses arise by the influx of "wild" conspecific pollen into seed orchards and its deleterious fertilization of superior genetic lines. This review firstly addresses the basis of the problem: pollen, conifer reproduction, and the concept of seed orchard management, especially in regard to reduction of contamination. Secondly, the physical processes of pollen liberation, dispersal, and deposition are described, and examples of previous studies illuminating these phenomena given. Thirdly, past research on measuring pollen dispersal in natural stands and seed orchards in discussed in the light of modelling techniques used to predict these types of dispersal pattern. Work on the other facets of contamination measurement, gene-flow studies, are listed. It is concluded that a detailed study that combines both the physical and gene-flow aspects of pollen dispersal should be initiated to compare and contrast the two methods, and that attempts to model pollen contamination should be sought.

Reproductive success of orchard and nonorchard pollens during different stages of pollen shedding in a Scots pine seed orchard

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni M. Harju ◽  
Teijo Nikkanen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Pollination Season ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The reproductive success of orchard and nonorchard pollens was studied in seeds from megastrobili exposed during different stages of pollen shedding in a Pinussylvestris L. seed orchard. Wind pollination was controlled experimentally by isolating and then temporarily exposing the megastrobili to four different stages of pollen shedding by orchard trees. The amount of pollen contamination in the seed crop was determined using isozyme markers and an undetected gamete model. The estimated level of pollen contamination was 48% when megastrobili were exposed during the entire pollination season. Contamination was highest (60%) when megastrobili were exposed before actual pollen shedding by orchard trees, and lowest (27%) in seeds from megastrobili exposed during maximum pollen shedding by orchard trees. Reproductive success was measured several ways: as the total number of seeds produced in each treatment, as the ratio or proportion of mature cones per megastrobilus, and as the number of seeds produced per cone or megastrobilus. In 1991, reproductive success was highest before maximum pollen shedding by seed orchard trees. Pollen shedding by orchard trees occurred a few days after most megastrobili became receptive.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Male Reproductive Success in a Cryptomeria japonica Seed Orchard Revealed by Microsatellite Marker Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Moriguchi ◽  
S. Tsuchiya ◽  
H. Iwata ◽  
S. Itoo ◽  
N. Tani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
External Sources

AbstractWe investigated the influence of male flower production, floral synchrony and inter-tree distances on male reproductive success in a miniature seed orchard of Cryptomeria japonica. We used six microsatellite markers to determine the paternity of each seed. In the seed orchard, the average pollen contamination and clonal self-fertilization rates were 38.7% and 1.7%, respectively. The level of male reproductive success of constituent clones varied from 0.0 to 15.7%. Five clones showing the highest male reproductive success contributed ca. 30% of all analyzed seeds as a pollen donor after excluding contamination by external sources of pollen. The statistical analyses showed that male reproductive success was strongly influenced by male flower production of each clone and, possibly, by their distance to the mother trees. The linear regression which included male flower production and floral synchrony as independent variables, however, accounted for only 14.7% of variation of male reproductive success, suggesting that other factors such as pollen competition might also influence male reproductive success. Since we found no significant correlation between male reproductive and female reproductive successes, it may be better to equalize male and female reproductive successes independently

Pollen contamination in a maritime pine polycross seed orchard and certification of improved seeds using chloroplast microsatellites

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1816-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Plomion ◽  
G LeProvost ◽  
D Pot ◽  
G Vendramin ◽  
S Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellites ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotype ◽  
Simple Sequence

A new concept of seed orchard was developed by Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique for the maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) breeding program: the polycross seed orchard (PSO). The expected genetic gain of the PSO can only be reached if the fathers used in the pollen mix contribute equally to the next generation (i.e., to the base material of the PSO) and if pollen contamination from the surrounding stands is limited. Using chloroplast simple-sequence repeats (cpSSR), we showed that the chloroplast DNA was unipaternally inherited in maritime pine and verified that the chloroplast haplotype composition of the megagametophyte tissue corresponded to the chloroplast haplotype of the female parent. As a practical application, a statistical test based on cpSSR markers and simulation was established to verify the PSO origin of maritime pine seed lots. As a result of the cpSSR test, it was observed that (i) departure from even distribution of the fathers in the PSO was barely significant, (ii) the minimum pollen contamination rate in the PSO was 36%, and (iii) the contamination was not evenly distributed in the PSO. As a consequence, the expected genetic gain will range between 50 and 82% of what was initially foreseen.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Based Paternity Analysis in a Clonal Eucalyptus nitens Seed Orchard

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Grosser ◽  
B. M. Potts ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Paternal Contribution ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Microsatellite markers were used to determine paternity in 473 open-pollinated progenies from a clonal Eucalyptus nitens seed orchard of 50 trees from 12 different genotypes. The outcrossing rate in this orchard was high, averaging 0.85 (weighted by capsule crop) but variable between trees (ranging from 0.6-1.0). Paternal contribution of each genotype to the open-pollinated seed crop was predicted by the size of the flower crop of each genotype (r = 0.76), but not the number of ramets. While the detectable contamination in this orchard is relatively low (4.5%), it is atypical when compared to other published estimates in eucalypt seed orchards suggesting that with suitable buffering low levels of contamination can be achieved.

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