Persistence of early growth of planted Picea mariana seedlings following clear-cutting and drainage in Quebec wetlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Roy ◽  
André P Plamondon ◽  
Pierre Y Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Drainage Ditch ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Over Time

A study was carried out to test the persistence of the early effects of forest drainage and planting position on the growth of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings planted in eight drained forested wetland cutovers. Initial results, 2 years after planting, had shown that seedling response was most affected by planting position within the microtopography, and to a lesser extent, by distance to the drainage ditch. Persistence of these effects was tested by measuring the survival and growth rates of seedlings for an additional 4 years after planting. Increased growth owing to raised planting position was maintained over time. The small effect of distance to ditch on seedling growth observed after two growing seasons did not evolve into larger differences over time, and after 6 years there was no significant effect of distance to drainage ditch. Given the marginal growth improvements of black spruce seedlings planted closer to the ditch, drainage networks with narrow ditch spacing are not necessary on these site types after clear-cutting.

scholarly journals A NEW APPROACH TO THE NORTHERN SPRUCE REGENERATION PROBLEM

1954 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Normal Concentration ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Intensive Work

Lack of reproduction of black spruce, Picea mariana, in pure black spruce stands in old cut-over areas, has always been a great subject of discussion and one for intensive work among foresters. Many reasons such as the absence of an adequate seed supply stored on top of humus, or adverse germination conditions are said to be partly responsible.This study on the humus of this unregenerated cut-over area, indicates clear cutting of this stand will influence the normal concentration of definite micro-nutrients such as manganese and magnesium.The augmentation of manganese in the soil has a detrimental effect on the growth of plants when, its concentration is too high. The diminution of magnesium, which is an element necessary to stimulate the growth, must create abnormal nutritive conditions of the habitat. This visible lack of equilibrium might be the cause of the absence of seedlings of Picea mariana on certain parts of this cut-over area.

Short-term Performance of Two Sulfonylurea Herbicides: Efficacy, Seedling Survival, and Growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Reynolds ◽  
Micheal J. Roden
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract Metsulfuron (ALLY or ESCORT), 36 and 72 g ai/ha (~ 0.5 and 1.0 oz ai/ac), and sulfometuron (OUST), 150, 300, and 450 g ai/ha (~ 2.1, 4.2, and 6.3 oz ai/ac), were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (silty clay loam and silty clay soils) to reduce raspberry competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, occurred in May and August 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for 5 growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, raspberry cover was less in some treatments than in controls. Survival of seedlings planted 1 month after spring treatments was less than controls, and no significant stem volume increases were observed. Survival of seedlings planted approximately 1 yr after spring treatments was greater than that of control seedlings. Survival of seedlings planted after some summer treatments also was poor, and no significant stem volume increases were noted for seedlings planted after site preparation with sulfometuron. Optimal stem volume increases over control seedlings were observed for seedlings planted 1 yr after spring sulfometuron treatment. These increases occurred sooner than for seedlings planted 1 yr after spring metsulfuron treatment or after summer metsulfuron treatment. Fifth-year stem volume for these seedlings was correlated with raspberry cover (r² = 0.44), decreasing as raspberry cover increased. We conclude that the use of other less expensive silvicultural herbicides may provide equally effective raspberry control and better black spruce seedling survival and growth. North. J. Appl. For. 12(2):80-85.

Ten-year results of strip clear-cutting in Quebec black spruce stands

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pothier
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cutting System

Regeneration of first-cut strips in a two-cut system of strip clear-cutting was compared to that of large clear-cutting in four different areas representative of the black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) stands of the boreal forest of Quebec. Seedlings were more evenly distributed in clearcut strips than in large clearcuts. Differences of about 10 000 black spruce seedlings per hectare and 20% of stocking were observed in favour of clearcut strips compared to large clearcuts. Black spruce stocking was about 14% larger on lowland than on upland sites but height growth was better on upland sites. A regeneration problem similar to that of large clearcuts was observed when the second strips were cut. One year after cutting these second strips, winter harvesting resulted in a 23% gain in black spruce stocking as compared to summer harvesting. Even if black spruce stocking marginally increased during the years following winter harvesting, the height advantage of the preserved advance growth justifies the application of this harvesting method. The strip clear-cutting system effectively improved the stocking of former black spruce stands but if the stocking level of advance growth is adequate, careful harvesting to preserve advance regeneration should be the preferred method since it would be more cost-efficient.

Survival and growth of eastern larch, balsam fir, and black spruce six years after winter browning in northeastern Ontario, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (06) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Gordon J. Kayahara ◽  
Stephen Foley ◽  
Cory Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Needle Loss

In spring 2007, young conifers suffered extensive needle and bud injury near Hearst, Kapuskasing, and Cochrane in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Analysis of weather data revealed that the damage was likely caused by earlier than normal loss of cold hardiness during higher than normal temperatures in late April and early May. The dehardened trees were damaged in the cold days that followed. We report the survival and growth of eastern larch (Larix laricina), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), and black spruce (Picea mariana) in the affected area based on field assessments and stem analysis of affected trees following the event. Total survival through six growing seasons following damage was 98% in eastern larch but only about 70% in balsam fir and black spruce. The effect of the damage on tree growth was greater and longer lasting for diameter than height. Both survival and growth reductions were associated with high levels of mature needle loss and bud damage. Implications of these findings for forest management are discussed in light of expected climate change.

Short-term Performance of two hexazinone formulations: Efficacy, seedling survival and growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip E. Reynolds ◽  
Michael J. Roden
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Term Performance

Liquid (VELPAR L) and dry-flowable (VELPAR ULW) hexazinone (2 kg ai ha−1) were aerially applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut to reduce raspberry [Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim] competition. Treatments were applied in June 1987; planting with containerized (multipot) black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] was conducted 2 and 14 months after treatment in August 1987 and 1988. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly through August 1991. Hexazinone formulation did not affect raspberry control, seedling survival, or growth. Five growing seasons after treatment, raspberry cover was generally less in treated plots than in controls. Seedling survival did not differ among treatments for seedlings planted at either time interval after hexazinone treatment. Seedlings planted 14 months after hexazinone treatment grew poorly compared with those planted 2 months after herbicide treatment. Stem volume of seedlings planted 2 months after hexazinone treatment exceeded that of control seedlings in the first growing season after planting and remained greater than that of control seedlings through 1991. Stem volume increases over controls were restricted to the second growing season after planting for seedlings planted 14 months after hexazinone treatment. Fourth-year stem volume of seedlings planted 2 months after hexazinone treatment was correlated with raspberry cover (r2 = 0.34). As raspberry cover increased, black spruce growth decreased. Key words: liquid hexazinone, dry-flowable hexazinone, site preparation, black spruce, multipot stock, seedling survival, stem volume, raspberry cover

Effects of fire severity on early survival and growth of planted jack pine, black spruce and white spruce

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
Kevin J Kemball
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Early Survival

Two boreal mixedwood stands burned by the 1999 Black River wildfire in southeastern Manitoba, Canada were selected to study the effect of fire severity on early survival and growth of planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana), black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings. In each stand, three fire severity classes (scorched, lightly burned, and severely burned) were identified based on the degree of forest floor consumption. Fire severity was not a significant factor on mortality. No mortality difference was found among species, except for year 5 when jack pine had significantly higher mortality than both black spruce and white spruce. Jack pine and black spruce had their highest mortality in year 4, while white spruce had its highest mortality in year 1. Under natural competition, seedling growth increased with increasing fire severity. When competition was removed, fire severity did not affect seedling growth. Regardless of fire severity and competition, jack pine had better diameter and height growth than black spruce, which, in turn, grew slightly taller than white spruce. Planted seedlings faced less intense vegetation competition on severely burned plots compared to scorched or lightly burned plots. Regardless of fire severity and species, competition increased with time since planting. Our study results indicate that planting immediately after a wildfire is a viable option to establish conifer components on burned boreal mixedwood stands. Key words: fire severity, plantation, regeneration, Pinus banksiana, Picea mariana, Picea glauca

scholarly journals Growth of Coniferous Seedlings on a Drained and Mounded Peatland in Central Alberta

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam K. Takyi ◽  
Graham R. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Artificial reforestation experiments compared survival and growth of five species of coniferous containerized seedlings, and seedling browsing by ungulates on a clearcut, drained, and mounded peatland in the boreal forest. Six to seven growing seasons after planting, 91% of all seedlings had survived. Height and diameter growth in five species were ranked as follows: Siberian latch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) > lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) > tamarack (Larix laricina [Du Roi] K. Koch) > black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) = white spruce(Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Overall, tamarack height and diameter growth was twice that of either spruce species. Height and diameter growth of tamarack, black spruce, and white spruce planted in the spring was 65% to 97% greater than that of the more robust seedlings for the same species planted in the fall of the same year. Repeated winter browsing by ungulates did not affect survival and growth of the five species. In an experiment where survival and growth of tamarack and black spruce seedlings planted on the mounds were compared with that of seedlings planted on the flat areas between mounds, there were no differences in survival, height, or root collar diameter growth between the two planting sites. In the event that suitable peatlands are used to augment existing timber supplies, lowering the water table through ditching, combined with mound-planting, is a feasible method of reforesting timber-harvested, boreal wet sites with Siberian latch, lodgepole pine, and white spruce. Tamarack and black spruce, however, survive and grow well on drained peatlands without mound-planting. North. J. Appl. For. 17(2):71-79.

scholarly journals Hexazinone site preparation improves black spruce seedling survival and growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Roden ◽  
Phillip E. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Observation Period

Granular (PRONONE 10G and 5G) and liquid (VELPAR L) hexazinone (1 to 4 kg ai ha−1) were applied to a northern New Brunswick clearcut (loams, silt loams, and clay loams) to reduce raspberry [Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim] competition. Treatment, using skidder-mounted herbicide application equipment, was completed in May and September 1986, with planting of 2+2, bareroot, black spruce seedlings [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] in June 1986 and in June 1987. Seedling survival and growth were measured yearly for five growing seasons after planting. By August 1991, raspberry cover for three treatments remained less than that for controls. Survival of seedlings planted approximately one month after spring treatment was less than controls, but seedling height and stem diameter were greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Survival and growth of seedlings planted approximately one year after spring treatment or nine months after fall treatment were greater than that of control seedlings for most treatments. Fifth-year height and stem diameter of seedlings planted nine months after fall treatment were negatively correlated with raspberry height (r2 = 0.729, height and 0.745, diameter), decreasing as raspberry height increased. Over the five-year observation period, hexazinone formulation did not affect raspberry control, but did affect seedling survival and growth. Spring treatment with PRONONE 10G (2 kg ai ha−1), with planting delayed by one year, provided the best treatment to achieve both optimal seedling survival and growth during plantation establishment. Key words: liquid hexazinone, granular hexazinone, site preparation, black spruce, growth parameters, seedling survival, raspberry competition

Impact du drainage forestier après coupe sur la croissance de l'épinette noire en forêt boréale

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1585-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Jutras ◽  
Jean Bégin ◽  
André P Plamondon
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Ecosystem Classification

The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate, with the help of stem analysis, the growth increases of natural and planted black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings in 39 drainage networks located in Quebec public boreal forest and drained operationally after cutting. The ecological conditions of the sites have been described using the forest ecosystem classification for the Clay Belt of eastern Ontario. A significant effect of the drainage on 9-year periodic growth in diameter and height of natural black spruce seedlings, varying with distance from the ditch and ecological conditions, was observed. Stocking of natural black spruce seedlings was sufficient to insure the reconstruction of a forest stand both on the treated sites and on the control sites. The 5-year height growth increment of planted black spruce seedlings was weaker than that of the natural seedlings, which were located on the same sites, and it varied with distance from the ditches.

Marten use of clear-cuttings and residual forest stands in western Newfoundland

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Snyder ◽  
John A. Bissonette
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Forest Habitats ◽  
Capture Rates

Marten (Martes americana) inhabit primarily old-growth coniferous and mixed wood forest habitats. Widespread forest harvest operations have prompted inquiries into whether residual patches of forest left after harvesting, or regenerating clear-cuttings, provide adequate habitat for marten. In western Newfoundland, the primary method of tree harvest has been clear-cutting of large tracts of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana). The only remaining populations of marten in the province also are found in the western part of the island, with greatest densities near Little Grand Lake. This study was designed to determine if marten used regenerating clear-cuttings and small remnant patches of residual forest left after forest operations. Habitat use by marten was investigated by livetrapping and snow tracking. Residual stands were classified into five size categories, and clear-cuttings into three categories based on height of balsam fir regeneration. From June to December 1983, marten were trapped in 43 residual stands and 35 clear-cuttings. A total of 3587 trap nights yielded 57 captures of 10 male and 8 female marten. Six (10.5%) captures were in clear-cuttings, all <15 years old; 51 (89.5%) marten were captured in residual stands. Capture rates were 0.48 captures/100 trap nights in the clear-cuttings and 2.19 captures/100 trap nights in residual stands. Capture rates were greatest in residual stands 25 to 34.9 ha in size (4.62 captures/100 trap nights). From January to March 1984, marten tracks were followed for 29 km. Although clear-cuttings represented 41 % of the study area, only 26% of marten travel was recorded there, all in clear-cuttings <15 years old. Residual stands >25 ha and undisturbed forest composed 41.3% of the study area; 41.8% of marten travel was recorded there. Smaller residual areas (<25 ha) made up only 4.2% of the total area, but 32.4% of the marten travel was recorded in these areas. These data indicate that marten seldom used clear-cuttings and used residual stands >25 ha and undisturbed forests in proportion to their occurrence, but the use of smaller residual stands <25 ha was greater than expected.

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