Erratum: The contribution of coarse woody debris to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Raija Laiho ◽  
Cindy E Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The contribution of coarse woody debris to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1592-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raija Laiho ◽  
Cindy E Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Aboveground Litter

The contribution of coarse woody debris to C, N, and P cycles was assessed in forests of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench Voss), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) - Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) in southwestern Alberta. Mass loss and changes in C, N, and P concentrations in decomposing log segments were measured for 14 years. Litter input was measured during 10 years for coarse woody debris, 1 year for ground vegetation, and 5 years for other aboveground litter types. Release of C, N and P from decomposing litter were simulated for a period of 40 years. After 14 years, log segments of pine, spruce, and fir had lost on average 71, 38, and 40%, respectively, of their dry mass. The N content of the pine logs increased, spruce changed little, and fir lost N. Phosphorus accumulated in all logs. The greatest imports of N and P occurred at the pine sites and fir sites, respectively, where these nutrients were the least available, indicating that wood decay organisms may compete with vegetation for limiting nutrients in these forests. Coarse woody debris comprised 3-24% of aboveground litter and contributed less than 5% of the N and P released. Coarse woody debris does not appear to make a significant contribution to N and P cycling in these forests.

scholarly journals Changes in mass, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in logs decomposing for 30 years in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy E. Prescott ◽  
Kirsten Corrao ◽  
Anya M. Reid ◽  
Jenna M. Zukswert ◽  
Shalom D. Addo-Danso
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Net Release

Estimates of decomposition rates of coarse woody debris (CWD) and fluxes of nutrients therein are essential components of carbon (C) and nutrient budget models. In a 30-year field experiment, we periodically measured mass remaining and nutrient concentrations in log segments of pine, spruce, and fir in natural, mature coniferous forests in Alberta, Canada. The predicted turnover times (t95; years) were 43–44 years for pine, 42–60 years for spruce, and 38–46 years for fir. Extrapolating from best-fit models, we predict that decomposition of these logs would be complete within 50–60 years. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) declined for most of the decomposition period, and ratios of the three species converged at <200 at 90% mass loss. Net release of N occurred only after logs had lost 90% of their original C and C:N had declined to <200. The ratio of carbon to phosphorus (C:P) declined and converged at 500–1000 at 90% mass loss. There was no evidence of net P release from logs even at 90% mass loss. It may be possible to estimate the amounts of N and P that will be incorporated into decaying logs based on the extent to which their initial C:N differs from 200 and their initial C:P differs from 500.

Movement and characteristics of stream-borne coarse woody debris in adjacent burned and undisturbed watersheds in Wyoming

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1933-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Young
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Bank Stability ◽  
Stream Surface ◽  
Riparian Trees ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Debris Transport ◽  
The Mean

Following fire, changes in streamflow and bank stability in burned watersheds can mobilize coarse woody debris. In 1990 and 1991, I measured characteristics of coarse woody debris and standing riparian trees and snags in Jones Creek, a watershed burned in 1988, and in Crow Creek, an unburned watershed. The mean diameter of riparian trees along Jones Creek was less than that of trees along Crow Creek, but the coarse woody debris in Jones Creek was greater in mean diameter. Tagged debris in Jones Creek was three times as likely to move, and moved over four times as far as such debris in Crow Creek. In Jones Creek, the probability of movement was higher for tagged pieces that were in contact with the stream surface. Larger pieces tended to be more stable in both streams. It appears that increased flows and decreased bank stability following fire increased the transport of coarse woody debris in the burned watershed. Overall, debris transport in Rocky Mountain streams may be of greater significance than previously recognized.

A reanalysis of nutrient dynamics in coniferous coarse woody debris

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1894-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M Holub ◽  
Julie DH Spears ◽  
Kate Lajtha
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Nutrient Flux ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Conservative Tracers

We analyzed net N, P, K, Ca, and Mg fluxes from decaying coarse woody debris (CWD) by developing a "volume-adjusted method" and applying it to existing chronosequence studies of CWD in temperate coniferous forests. Unadjusted nutrient concentrations may overestimate the amount of a given nutrient remaining or accumulating in CWD, because mass loss, primarily as microbially respired CO2, occurs during decomposition. This overall mass loss tends to increase nutrient concentrations (e.g., µg N/g CWD) by decreasing the denominator and, therefore, can be misleading as an indicator of nutrient flux. Our volume-adjusted method corrects for mass loss, by assuming a constant volume as CWD decays. Using this method we determined that (i) Ca and K were lost from CWD as decay progressed; (ii) N and P increased or had no net change in amount; and (iii) Mg results were mixed. Several studies showed net gains of Mg and several showed net losses. We discuss the applicability and limitations of the volume adjusted method and propose the use of isotopic and conservative tracers as more accurate, but more difficult, methods of investigating CWD nutrient fluxes. We also discuss possible nutrient flux pathways into and out of CWD.

scholarly journals The Effects of Fire on Coarse Woody Debris in Rocky Mountain Coniferous Forests

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Dennis Knight ◽  
Daniel Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Micro Organisms

Primary productivity, the accumulation of nutrients, and other important ecosystem processes are largely dependent on the mineral soil organic matter that has developed during hundreds or thousands of years. In forest ecosystems, the decomposition of coarse woody debris, woody roots, twigs, leaves and micro-organisms is a primary source of this organic matter. Large quantities of coarse woody debris are typically produced following natural disturbances such as fires, pest/pathogen outbreaks, and windstorms, which make a significant contribution to the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast, timber harvesting often removes most of the coarse woody debris (CWD), which could result in a decrease in the quantity and a change in the quality of mineral soil organic matter.

Decay and nutrient dynamics of coarse woody debris in northern coniferous forests: a synthesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raija Laiho ◽  
Cindy E Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
Aboveground Litter

We synthesize current information on input, accumulation, and decay of coarse woody debris (CWD) compared with other aboveground litter to assess the role of CWD in the nutrient cycles of northern coniferous forests. CWD contributes between 3% and 73% of aboveground litter input, but <20% of N, P, K, and Ca. Although CWD accounts for up to 54% of accumulated organic matter (including forest floor and soil), it contributes <5% of the N, <10% of the P, and <25% of the K, Ca, and Mg. Decay rates of CWD in northern forests range from 0.0025 to 0.071 year-1. Nitrogen or P concentrations in CWD increase during decay, depending on the initial N/P ratio, which eventually converges at about 20. CWD is initially a sink for N and (or) P, whichever is least available, but becomes a source later in decay. CWD contributes <5% of the N released annually. There is little evidence that CWD retains significant amounts of excess N following disturbance. We conclude that CWD is of minor importance in the nutrient cycles of northern coniferous forests, and that guidelines for CWD retention should be based on other perceived benefits of CWD.

Mass loss and nutrient dynamics of coarse woody debris in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests: 21 year results

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Herrmann ◽  
Cindy E. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty

Mass loss and changes in C, N, and P concentrations were measured in 20 cm long log segments of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) that had been placed in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests 21 years earlier. Pine, spruce, and fir lost 76%, 39%, and 64%, respectively, of their initial mass during the 21 years. The corresponding mean decay rates (k) were 0.072, 0.024 and 0.052·year–1. The decay patterns of pine and spruce were similar with the highest k between 6 and 14 years. Fir k increased during the course of decomposition with the highest rate between 14 and 21 years. The correlation between original dry mass and k was negative for pine (r = –0.28), positive for fir (r = 0.35), and not significant for spruce. C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios declined and converged to a similar value in relation to mass loss for all three species. The N/P ratios of logs of all three species stabilized at about 19. These findings indicate that patterns of wood decay are difficult to predict (even with 14 year data), and so models that incorporate wood-decay estimates will be associated with considerable uncertainty.

scholarly journals Biomass of Coarse Woody Debris Following Disturbance in Rocky Mountain Coniferous Forests

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
Daniel Tinker ◽  
Dennis Knight
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Natural Variability

Primary productivity, the accumulation of nutrients, and other important ecosystem processes are largely dependent on the mineral soil organic matter that has developed during hundreds or thousands of years. In forest ecosystems, the decomposition of coarse woody debris, woody roots, twigs, leaves and micro-organisms is a primary source of this organic matter. Large quantities of coarse woody debris are typically produced following natural disturbances such as fires, pest/pathogen outbreaks, and windstorms, and make a significant contribution to the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast, timber harvesting often removes most of the coarse woody debris (CWD), which could result in a decrease in the quantity and a change in the quality of mineral soil organic matter. The 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park continue to provide an excellent opportunity to study the effects of fires of various intensities on ecosystem processes. Ecosystems develop under conditions that are constantly changing, but which remain within some range of natural variability. At present, national forest managers are uncertain as to the quantity of CWD which should be left in a stand following timber harvest in order to maintain levels of SOM which are within the range of natural variability. Little empirical data exist which help characterize the range of natural variability with regard to CWD in lodgepole pine forests, and it is therefore difficult to assess current timber harvesting practices in terms of how much CWD should be left at each site. We began a pilot study in late summer 1995 to begin to address this deficiency. A larger study of broader scope is planned for an additional two to three years, beginning this year, in 1996. This research will attempt to measure specific processes which include the distribution, decomposition, combustion by natural fires, and removal of CWD. The specific objectives of our study are: i) compare the mass and distribution of coarse woody debris that remains following fires of varying intensities to that which remains following clearcutting in the Rocky Mountain Region; ii) estimate the amount of CWD that is combusted or converted to charcoal following fires of varying intensities in stands of varying stages of development; and iii) estimate the length of time necessary for every square meter of the forest soil to be affected by CWD under natural conditions.

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