Regeneration of Cryptomeria japonica on a sloping topography in a cool-temperate mixed forest in the snowy region of Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Hirayama ◽  
Michinori Sakimoto
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Snow Pressure ◽  
Sloping Topography

Cryptomeria japonica D. Don shows a limited distribution on and around ridges in its native habitat. To clarify the regeneration process of this species, we analysed spatial patterns among five size classes on a slope extending from a ridge to a valley bottom, and growth patterns of understorey trees related to their slope position, in a cool-temperate old-growth mixed forest in Japan. Although the largest size-class trees ([Formula: see text]20 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)) were confined to the upper part of the slope, understorey size-class trees ([Formula: see text]50 cm stem length and <10 cm DBH) extended their range below the upper regions by layering. The annual growth of understorey size class stems increased towards the lower slope in relation to the understorey light conditions. However, snow pressure injured understorey trees and killed many regenerating medium-sized trees on the steeply inclined expanding site. These results indicate that increased snow pressure, influenced by slope topography, may inhibit the clonal expansion of C. japonica. We concluded that snow pressure gradient on a sloping topography strongly influences the regeneration success of C. japonica, restricting its distribution to ridges in natural forests in snowy regions.

Clonal structure and diversity of Cryptomeria japonica along a slope in a cool-temperate, old-growth mixed forest in the snowy region of Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2804-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Hirayama ◽  
Michinori Sakimoto
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Understory Trees

To clarify patterns of clonal growth along a slope for Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don, which can regenerate by layering resulting from snow pressure, we analyzed the spatial genetic structure with respect to slope position and in relation to stem size in a cool-temperate, old-growth mixed forest in the snowy region of Japan. For the genetic analysis, five polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for C. japonica were used. Spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed a significant positive association of ramets (trees) with the same genotype as the result of clonal growth at around <6 m regardless of slope position for understory trees (≥50 cm stem length and <10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH)). This clonal patch size almost corresponded to the clustering scale for overstory trees (≥10 cm DBH) belonging to the same genet. For understory trees in three subplots established along a slope, the size distribution of ramets within a clone (genet) followed an inverse J-shaped distribution without small ramets being distributed peripherally. These results suggest that each clone of C. japonica is maintained continuously in a relatively restricted area where it establishes, regardless of slope position, which could contribute to the high clonal and genetic diversity of C. japonica in this forest.

scholarly journals The Effect of Typhoon Disturbance and Snow Pressure Stress on Clonal Structure of Cryptomeria japonica

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Takashi Nagashima ◽  
Megumi K. Kimura ◽  
Yoshihiko Tsumura ◽  
Kosuke Homma ◽  
Harue Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Typhoon Disturbance ◽  
Snow Pressure ◽  
Pressure Stress

Relationships between shoot size and branching patterns in 10 broad-leaved tall tree species in a Japanese cool-temperate forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Tall Tree ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Short Shoots

Within-tree variations in branching patterns (the patterns of daughter shoot production by mother shoots) are the basis of tree architectural plasticity and, therefore, were studied in 10 cool-temperate broad-leaved tall tree species including three species with distinct short shoots. The relationships between mother shoot length versus branching patterns (i.e., the number and size of daughter shoots) were quantified for each species using regression equations. The number and stem length of daughter shoots were greater on longer mother shoots, although the majority of daughter shoots were short on mother shoots of any size. The magnitude of lateral spread of the mother shoot – daughter shoot system relative to that of its main axis extension increased with increasing mother shoot length, indicating weaker apical control on longer mother shoots. Among species, the lower limit of daughter shoot length was shorter and the frequency of short daughter shoots was greater on mother shoots of species with more distinct short shoots. This indicates that species with distinct short shoots effectively avoid branch overcrowding by minimizing daughter shoot extension. Differences in branching patterns among mother shoots of different sizes are discussed in relation to their functional importance for tree architectural development.

scholarly journals Allometric derivation and estimation of Guadua weberbaueri and G. sarcocarpa biomass in the bamboo-dominated forests of SW Amazonia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Yavit
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Small Branch ◽  
Guadua Weberbaueri

AbstractBamboo-dominated forests in Southwestern Amazonia encompass an estimated 180,000 km2 of nearly contiguous primary, tropical lowland forest. This area, largely composed of two bamboo species, Guadua weberbaueri Pilger and G. sarcocarpa Londoño & Peterson, comprises a significant portion of the Amazon Basin and has a potentially important effect on regional carbon storage. Numerous local REDD(+) projects would benefit from the development of allometric models for these species, although there has been just one effort to do so. The aim of this research was to create a set of improved allometric equations relating the above and belowground biomass to the full range of natural size and growth patterns observed. Four variables (DBH, stem length, small branch number and branch number ≥ 2cm diameter) were highly significant predictors of stem biomass (N≤ 278, p< 0.0001 for all predictors, complete model R2=0.93). A secondary field model (containing DBH and branch number > 2cm diameter), proved highly significant as well (N= 278, p< 0.0001 for both predictors, R2=0.84). The belowground biomass was estimated to be 19.2±6.2% of the total dry biomass of the bamboo species examined. To demonstrate the utility of these models in the field and derive stand-level estimates of bamboo biomass, ten 0.36-ha plots were analyzed (N= 3,966 culms), yielding above + belowground biomass values ranging from 4.3–14.5 Mg·ha-1. The results of this research provide novel allometric models and estimates of the contribution of G. weberbaueri and G. sarcocarpa to the total carbon budget of this vast and largely unexplored Amazonian habitat.

scholarly journals Preliminary data on centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha and Scutigeromorpha) in Ta Xua natural reserve, Son La Province, Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Thanh Binh ◽  
Nguyen Duc Hung ◽  
Ha Kieu Loan ◽  
Vu Thi Ha
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
New Records ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Bamboo Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Study Results

 Study on centipedes was conducted in Muong Thai commune, Ta Xua Natural Reserve, Son La in May and November 2017. Samples were collected in four typical habitats: natural forests, bamboo mixed forests, bamboo forests and agro-residental areas. As a result, a total of 17 species and subspecies in two orders (Scolopendromorpha and Scutigeromorpha) was recorded in that region. Of which, the order Scolopendromorpha has 15 recorded species and subspecies belonging to 7 genera, 3 families (Cryptopidae, Scolopendridae, Scolopocryptopidae). The other order, Scutigeromorpha, has only one species in one family (Scutigeridae). The study results also contributed new records of 13 species in 7 genera to the centipede fauna of the northwestern part of Vietnam, and 1 genus, Thereuonema, to the Vietnamese fauna.Among four habitats, natural and bamboo forests have highest similarity on species composition, but agro-residental area and bamboo forest have lowest value on species composition. The diversity index (H’) is highest in bamboo forests (2,98), decreases in mixed forest (2,31), natural forest (1,67) and agro-residental area (0,74). In contrast, centipede density is highest in natural forest (0,60 ind./m2), reduces in bamboo forest (0,47 ind./m2) and mixed forest (0,20 ind./m2).

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