scholarly journals Allometric derivation and estimation of Guadua weberbaueri and G. sarcocarpa biomass in the bamboo-dominated forests of SW Amazonia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Yavit
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Small Branch ◽  
Guadua Weberbaueri

AbstractBamboo-dominated forests in Southwestern Amazonia encompass an estimated 180,000 km2 of nearly contiguous primary, tropical lowland forest. This area, largely composed of two bamboo species, Guadua weberbaueri Pilger and G. sarcocarpa Londoño & Peterson, comprises a significant portion of the Amazon Basin and has a potentially important effect on regional carbon storage. Numerous local REDD(+) projects would benefit from the development of allometric models for these species, although there has been just one effort to do so. The aim of this research was to create a set of improved allometric equations relating the above and belowground biomass to the full range of natural size and growth patterns observed. Four variables (DBH, stem length, small branch number and branch number ≥ 2cm diameter) were highly significant predictors of stem biomass (N≤ 278, p< 0.0001 for all predictors, complete model R2=0.93). A secondary field model (containing DBH and branch number > 2cm diameter), proved highly significant as well (N= 278, p< 0.0001 for both predictors, R2=0.84). The belowground biomass was estimated to be 19.2±6.2% of the total dry biomass of the bamboo species examined. To demonstrate the utility of these models in the field and derive stand-level estimates of bamboo biomass, ten 0.36-ha plots were analyzed (N= 3,966 culms), yielding above + belowground biomass values ranging from 4.3–14.5 Mg·ha-1. The results of this research provide novel allometric models and estimates of the contribution of G. weberbaueri and G. sarcocarpa to the total carbon budget of this vast and largely unexplored Amazonian habitat.

Effects of grazing intensity on organic carbon stock characteristics in Stipa breviflora desert steppe vegetation soil systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyun Wang ◽  
Zhi Dong ◽  
Jianying Guo ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
Jinrong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Light Fraction Organic Carbon ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock

Grassland ecosystems, an important component of the terrestrial environment, play an essential role in the global carbon cycle and balance. We considered four different grazing intensities on a Stipa breviflora desert steppe: heavy grazing (HG), moderate grazing (MG), light grazing (LG), and an area fenced to exclude livestock grazing as the Control (CK). The analyses of the aboveground biomass, litter, belowground biomass, soil organic carbon and soil light fraction organic carbon were utilised to study the organic carbon stock characteristics in the S. breviflora desert steppe under different grazing intensities. This is important to reveal the mechanisms of grazing impact on carbon processes in the desert steppe, and can provide a theoretical basis for conservation and utilisation of grassland resources. Results showed that the carbon stock was 11.98–44.51 g m–2 in aboveground biomass, 10.43–36.12 g m–2 in plant litters, and 502.30–804.31 g m–2 in belowground biomass (0–40 cm). It was significantly higher in CK than in MG and HG. The carbon stock at 0–40-cm soil depth was 7817.43–9694.16 g m–2, and it was significantly higher in LG than in CK and HG. The total carbon stock in the vegetation-soil system was 8342.14–10494.80 g m–2 under different grazing intensities, with the largest value in LG, followed by MG, CK, and HG. About 90.54–93.71% of the total carbon in grassland ecosystem was reserved in soil. The LG and MG intensities were beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic carbon stock. The soil light fraction organic carbon stock was 484.20–654.62 g m–2 and was the highest under LG intensity. The LG and MG intensities were beneficial for soil nutrient accumulation in the desert steppe.

scholarly journals Geospatial Assessment of Carbon Sequestration in Oluwa Forest, South-West Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-202
Author(s):  
E. O. Makinde ◽  
M. O. Ogundeko ◽  
A. A. Womiloju
Keyword(s):  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forest Strata ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Supervised Image Classification ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

The potential of the forest as a natural sink is vast and enormous and has been well documented in several types of research and reports. This project is an attempt at re-emphasizing this potential, by using geospatial technology, to quantify the amount of carbon sequestered by the Oluwa Forest Reserve. Remote sensing methods, specifically supervised image classification augmented with field data, were employed. Landsat imageries of 1984, 1991, 2002, 2010 and 2015 were obtained and the maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm was used in obtaining the landuse/land cover information for those years. From this, the trend in the landuse was monitored and ascertained. The study revealed two distinct tree species, and subsequently, four forest strata were established. The heights and diameters at breast height of the trees from ten randomly selected 20 m × 20 m sample points, were measured. The allometric equation of Brown (1989, 1997) was used in estimating the above ground and belowground biomass while the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) was obtained from the laboratory test on the soil samples, taken at 0 –15 cm, and 15 – 30 cm from the ten sample points using the Walkey Black method. The total above and belowground biomass was obtained to be 162,826.343 Mg/ha and 32,565.269 Mg/ha respectively while the total SOC was 5.7971 Mg/ha. The total carbon sequestered by the forest was estimated to be 358.565 Mg Ca. A multiple regression analysis was carried out and an adjusted r-squared value of 0.9809 with an ftest significance of -0.000000401 was obtained. This is to find the correlation between the biomass and the dbh, diameter at breast height and the tree heights, h.

scholarly journals Allometric Equations for Shrub and Short-Stature Tree Aboveground Biomass within Boreal Ecosystems of Northwestern Canada

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207
Author(s):  
Linda Flade ◽  
Christopher Hopkinson ◽  
Laura Chasmer
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Boreal Ecosystems ◽  
Small Stature ◽  
Dimensional Variable

Aboveground biomass (AGB) of short-stature shrubs and trees contain a substantial part of the total carbon pool within boreal ecosystems. These ecosystems, however, are changing rapidly due to climate-mediated atmospheric changes, with overall observed decline in woody plant AGB in boreal northwestern Canada. Allometric equations provide a means to quantify woody plant AGB and are useful to understand aboveground carbon stocks as well as changes through time in unmanaged boreal ecosystems. In this paper, we provide allometric equations, regression coefficients, and error statistics to quantify total AGB of shrubs and short-stature trees. We provide species- and genus-specific as well as multispecies allometric models for shrub and tree species commonly found in northwestern boreal forest and peatland ecosystems. We found that the three-dimensional field variable (volume) provided the most accurate prediction of shrub multispecies AGB (R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001), as opposed to the commonly used one-dimensional variable (basal diameter) measured on the longest and thickest stem (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.001). Short-stature tree AGB was most accurately predicted by stem diameter measured at 0.3 m along the stem length (R2 = 0.99, p < 0.001) rather than stem length (R2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Via the two-dimensional variable cross-sectional area, small-stature shrub AGB was combined with small-stature tree AGB within one single allometric model (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.001). The AGB models provided in this paper will improve our understanding of shrub and tree AGB within rapidly changing boreal environments.

Allometric models for prediction of above- and belowground biomass of trees in the miombo woodlands of Tanzania

2013 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Ancelm Mugasha ◽  
Tron Eid ◽  
Ole Martin Bollandsås ◽  
Rogers Ernest Malimbwi ◽  
Shabani Athumani Omari Chamshama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Miombo Woodlands ◽  
Allometric Models

Development of allometric models for above and belowground biomass in swidden cultivation fallows of Northern Laos

2015 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. 104-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain M. McNicol ◽  
Nicholas J. Berry ◽  
Thilde Bech Bruun ◽  
Kristell Hergoualc’h ◽  
Ole Mertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Swidden Cultivation ◽  
Allometric Models

scholarly journals Geomorphic influences on the contribution of vegetation to soil C accumulation and accretion in <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> marshes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Elsey-Quirk ◽  
Viktoria Unger
Keyword(s):  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Accretion Rates ◽  
Biomass Dynamics

Abstract. Environmental conditions have a strong influence on rates plant productivity and decomposition. In salt marshes, hydrology and salinity are important regulators of plant and soil processes, which, in turn, can influence the rate at which marsh ecosystems accumulate C and adjust to sea-level rise. For this study, we examined the influence of multivariate environmental conditions on belowground ingrowth (roots + rhizomes), decomposition and biomass in marshes dominated by Spartina alterniflora across two estuaries and a range of geomorphic settings. Secondly, we examined the influence of belowground plant biomass to soil C density, and C (labile and refractory) accumulation and accretion rates. Study locations occupied a full range of tidal elevations from below mean low water to above mean high water. Salinities ranged from 7–40, and soil properties also varied across marshes. While many of the environmental parameters were correlated across marshes, belowground ingrowth of S. alterniflora was negatively influenced by mean low water height, such that root growth increased with more drainage. Belowground decay rate increased with increasing salinity, but ultimately the percent of mass remaining was similar across marshes, averaging 59 ± 1 %. Above- and belowground biomass dynamics were estuary-dependent. In the coastal lagoon estuary, less flooding and a higher sedimentation rate favored above-and belowground biomass, which, in turn, increased soil C accumulation and accretion rates. Biomass dynamics in the coastal plain estuary, for the most part, were unrelated to environmental predictor variables, and had little influence on the accumulation of soil C or accretion rate. These findings indicate that mineral sedimentation is of utmost importance for promoting belowground biomass and soil C accumulation in sediment-limited systems while in minerogenic systems, belowground biomass may not scale with C accumulation and accretion, which may be influenced more by smaller submillimetre-sized C particles.

scholarly journals Cálculo y valoración del almacenamiento de carbono del humedal altoandino de Chalhuanca, Arequipa (Perú)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Alvis-Ccoropuna ◽  
◽  
José Francisco Villasante-Benavides ◽  
Gregory Anthony Pauca-Tanco ◽  
Johana del Pilar Quispe-Turpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Type Device ◽  
Below Ground

High Andean wetlands are important ecosystems due to their ecosystem services. Carbon storage is a result of the low decomposition rate due to flooded soils and low temperatures. Consequently, this study estimated the carbon content stored in the high Andean wetland of Chalhuanca and calculated the economic value of this service. For this purpose, 30 samples were taken at random, establishing three carbon pools: aboveground biomass (leaves and stems), belowground biomass (roots), and organic soil. The samples were obtained with an auger-type device; each sample was dried at 65°C for at least 24 hours and the carbon content was determined using the Walkey-Black method and calculations and statistical tests were performed. The total carbon stored in relation to the area of the wetland was approximately 795,415.65 tons of CO2. The fraction of carbon per sample is higher in aerial biomass (49%), followed by organic soil (43.1%) and below ground biomass. On the other hand, the amount of carbon stored differs significantly between reservoirs, since organic soil stores the highest amount with 218.3 TC/ha (90%), followed by below-ground biomass (roots) with 19.7 TC/ha (8%), and above-ground biomass (leaves and stems) with 4.8 TC/ha (2%). Finally, the ecosystem service of carbon storage amounts to a cost of 6462.18 USD/ha, 5703132.34 USD in sum.

Simulation of soil organic carbon stock and greenhouse gases emission from Perennial Energy Crops cultivation cycle in Italy with ECOSSE model: from establishment to removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Martani ◽  
Marcello Pilla ◽  
Andrea Ferrarini ◽  
Stefano Amaducci ◽  
Astley Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Perennial Energy Crops

&lt;p&gt;Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important carbon pool sensitive to land use change (LUC). There are concerns that at the end of PECs cultivation cycle, the re-conversion of these crops back to arable land could negatively impact the SOC stock. However, a positive effect of reconversion on SOC is possible, due to the high amount of C added to the soil with the disruption of belowground biomass (BGB) during re-conversion process. In this study, C storage potential in SOC and BGB of six perennial energy crops (PECs) was measured in a 11 years old field trial in Italy before its reconversion to arable land. SOC dynamics and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission were measured in the first two years after the reconversion. SOC and GHG measurements were compared to ECOSSE soil carbon model predictions (run for a LUC from arable land to PECs and re-conversion to arable land) to understand SOC dynamics. After 11 years of cultivation, PECs significantly increased SOC stock respect to arable land. In average, BGB accounted for the 68% of total carbon stocked by PECs. The ECOSSE soil carbon model successfully simulated the dynamics of SOC pool and the GHGs emissions from soil after the re-conversion of PECs.&lt;/p&gt;

An Overview of the First Year of the OCO-3 Mission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annmarie Eldering ◽  
Christopher O’Dell ◽  
Peter Somkuti ◽  
Thomas Taylor ◽  
Matthäus Kiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Target Mode ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Engineering Team ◽  
Mission Operations

&lt;p&gt;The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 (OCO-3) was installed on the International Space Station (ISS) in May 2019 and will continue the observation of global CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) observations using the flight spare instrument from OCO-2. This talk will focus on the science data products, early operations, abd a few highlights from early mission data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The low-inclination ISS orbit lets OCO-3 sample the tropics and sub-tropics across the full range of daylight hours with dense observations at northern and southern mid-latitudes (+/- 52&amp;#186;). The combination of these dense CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and SIF measurements provides continuity of data for global flux estimates as well as a unique opportunity to address key deficiencies in our understanding of the global carbon cycle. The instrument utilizes an agile, 2-axis pointing mechanism (PMA), providing the capability to look towards the bright reflection from the ocean and validation targets. The PMA also allows for the collection of dense datasets over 80km by 80km areas called snapshot area maps (SAMs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The in-orbit check out of the instrument was conducted through July 2019. In this phase the engineering team verified the performance of all systems, the calibration team began collecting the needed calibration data, and the mission operations team verified the performance of all measurement modes and the mission operations planning tools. Since August 2019, OCO-3 has been collecting routine nadir, glint, target, and SAM data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Target mode observations over surface-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites help to identify and minimize potential instrument biases in the OCO-3 data. Other validation activities include direct comparisons to XCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; estimates from OCO-2 and comparisons to predictions from near-real-time models. These comparisons will be discussed and early results will be presented. In addition, several hundred SAMs have been collected over (mega-)cities, powerplants, volcanos, and other terrestrial carbon focus areas.&amp;#160; The steadily growing number of SAM observations provides a unique dataset for scientific studies on local scales. We discuss the potential of these observations, alone and in conjunction with simultaneous observations from other space-based sensors, to yield greater insights into carbon cycle science.&lt;/p&gt;

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