Light-use efficiency of native and hybrid poplar genotypes at high levels of intracanopy competition

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Scott Green ◽  
Eric L Kruger ◽  
Glen R Stanosz ◽  
J G Isebrands
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Light Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Compensation Irradiance ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Additive Combination ◽  
Growing Conditions

In southern Wisconsin, U.S.A., tree growth and associated canopy traits were compared among five native and hybrid genotypes of poplar (Populus spp.) in replicated, monoclonal stands planted at a 1 × 1 m spacing. The overall objective of this study was to assess clonal suitability to cultural conditions entailing high levels of intracanopy competition (such as high-density plantations or long rotations) and to identify selection criteria suitable to such conditions. Two of the clones were Populus deltoides Bartr., two were P. deltoides × Populus nigra L. (DN) crosses, and the fifth was a P. nigra × Populus maximowiczii A. Henry (NM) cross. In the third year after establishment, variation in aboveground biomass gain (ANBG) was analyzed in relation to canopy light interception (IPAR) and canopy light-use efficiency (LUE) during a 31-day period when growing conditions were most favorable (late June through late July). ANBG in this interval varied by twofold among genotypes (2.76–5.78 Mg·ha–1), and it was highest in the two P. deltoides clones, followed by the NM and DN hybrids, respectively. Across genotypes, ANBG was unrelated to IPAR, which varied by only 5%. Instead, it was strongly and positively related (r2 = 0.99) to the twofold variation in LUE (1.06–2.22 g·MJ–1). Among measured canopy traits, the best predictor of LUE (r2 = 0.88) was an additive combination of factors associated to the optimization of canopy photosynthesis: LUE was negatively related to both the canopy light-extinction coefficient and compensation irradiance at the canopy base. We infer from these findings that poplar genotypes can vary considerably in LUE and, correspondingly, in the extent to which photosynthesis is optimized in dense canopies. Furthermore, the low LUE among hybrid genotypes at this level of intracanopy competition may reflect a bias in "tree improvement" efforts towards maximizing biomass production under conditions of relatively low competition.

scholarly journals Physiological and Morphological Features Determining the Performance of the Sorghum Landraces of Northern Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Flower
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYSorghum landraces from contrasting districts of northern Nigeria were grown during the 1990 rainy season to describe their physiological and morphological features. Changes in their dry matter production and yield could be predicted from thermal time to flowering (based on response to a fixed daylength) and partitioning indices. Many other morphological and physiological features, such as light-extinction coefficient, light-use efficiency, plant height, leaf area and leaf number, were either stable or varied systematically with time to flowering. Grain yields of early maturing lines were limited by low light interception from flowering to physiological maturity and those of later maturing lines by highly site-specific drought stress.

scholarly journals Determining the radiation use efficiency of potato using sunshine hour data: a simple and costless approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e0801
Author(s):  
Suman Samanta ◽  
Saon Banerjee ◽  
Asis Mukherjee ◽  
Pulak K. Patra ◽  
Pramiti K. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Light Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Aim of study: Radiation parameters and photoperiod influence potato biomass and tuber yield significantly. Lack of instrument facilities in developing countries is the main hindrance to estimate global solar radiation (GSR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Considering these facts, an experiment was conducted to estimate light extinction coefficient (K) and RUE using a simple but indirect approach that can be implied in any location lacking sophisticated instruments.Area of study: Field experiments were conducted in Kalyani, West Bengal, representing the Indo-Gangetic Plains.Material and methods: Angstrom-Prescott (A-P) equation was used to calculate GSR. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three dates of planting (DOP), 15th Nov, 29th Nov and 13th Dec, as main plot treatment and three potato cultivars (ˈKufri Suryaˈ, ˈKufri Chandramukhiˈ and ˈKufri Jyotiˈ) as sub-plot treatment. Leaf area indices and K values were used to determine intercepted PAR (IPAR) as well as RUE.Main results: The cumulative IPAR from emergence to harvest ranged 246-429 MJ m-2 depending on planting time and varieties. Irrespective of DOPs, the highest mean RUE (4.19 g MJ-1) was calculated in ˈKufri Chandramukhiˈ, showing that it used the radiation more efficiently that the other two cultivars (ˈKufri Suryaˈ= 3.75 g MJ-1 and ˈKufri Jyotiˈ= 3.14 g MJ-1).Research highlights: Statistical indices confirmed that the A-P model can be reliably used in the study region for estimation of GSR. This simple way to estimating RUE using bright sunshine hours data can be used in developing countries, where costly radiation instruments are not available.

scholarly journals Tailoring parameter distributions to specific germplasm: impact on crop model-based ideotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Paleari ◽  
Ermes Movedi ◽  
Fosco Mattia Vesely ◽  
Roberto Confalonieri
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Light Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radiation Use

AbstractCrop models are increasingly used to identify promising ideotypes for given environmental and management conditions. However, uncertainty must be properly managed to maximize the in vivo realizability of ideotypes. We focused on the impact of adopting germplasm-specific distributions while exploring potential combinations of traits. A field experiment was conducted on 43 Italian rice varieties representative of the Italian rice germplasm, where the following traits were measured: light extinction coefficient, radiation use efficiency, specific leaf area at emergence and tillering. Data were used to derive germplasm-specific distributions, which were used to re-run a previous modelling experiment aimed at identifying optimal combinations of plant trait values. The analysis, performed using the rice model WARM and sensitivity analysis techniques, was conducted under current conditions and climate change scenarios. Results revealed that the adoption of germplasm-specific distributions may markedly affect ideotyping, especially for the identification of most promising traits. A re-ranking of some of the most relevant parameters was observed (radiation use efficiency shifted from 4th to 1st), without clear relationships between changes in rankings and differences in distributions for single traits. Ideotype profiles (i.e., values of the ideotype traits) were instead more consistent, although differences in trait values were found.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological plasticity response to low nitrogen stress in black cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Chen ◽  
Yanguang Chu ◽  
Qinjun Huang ◽  
Changjun Ding ◽  
Weixi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Normal Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen

AbstractIt is important to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance of trees in order to improve their productivity. In this study, both were evaluated for 338 Populus deltoides genotypes from six provenances. The plants were cultured under normal nitrogen (750 μM NH4NO3) and low nitrogen (5 μM NH4NO3) conditions for 3 months. Growth, chlorophyll content and glutamine synthetase activity of each genotype were measured. Under low nitrogen, heights, ground diameter, leaf area, leaf and root biomass, and chlorophyll contents were significantly lower than those under normal nitrogen level. Correlation analysis showed that nutrient distribution changed under different nitrogen treatments. There was a negative correlation between leaf traits and root biomass under normal nitrogen level, however, the correlation became positive in low nitrogen treatment. Moreover, with the decrease of nitrogen level, the negative correlation between leaf morphology and chlorophyll levels became weakened. The growth of the genotypes under the two treatments was evaluated by combining principal component analysis with a fuzzy mathematical membership function; the results showed that leaf traits accounted for a large proportion of the variation in the evaluation model. According to the results of comprehensive evaluation of plants under the two treatments, the 338 P. deltoides genotypes could be divided into nine categories, with wide genotypic diversity in nitrogen use efficiency and low nitrogen tolerance. As a result, 26 N-efficient genotypes and 24 N-inefficient genotypes were selected. By comparative analysis of their morphological and physiological traits under the two treatments, leaf traits could be significant indicators for nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance, which is of considerable significance for breeding poplar varieties with high nitrogen use efficiencies.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions during Vegetative Propagation on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Characteristics in Populus Hybrids in Clonal Field Trial

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Valda Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė ◽  
Alfas Pliūra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Growing Conditions

To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.

Enhanced light interception and light use efficiency explain overyielding in young tree communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Williams ◽  
Ethan E. Butler ◽  
Jeannine Cavender‐Bares ◽  
Artur Stefanski ◽  
Karen E. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Interception ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Young Tree ◽  
Tree Communities ◽  
Use Efficiency
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