Temperature-related shifts in soluble carbohydrate content during dormancy and cold acclimation in Populus tremuloides

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel E Cox ◽  
Cecil Stushnoff
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Changes in metabolism that accompany cold acclimation and deacclimation, such as increasing levels of raffinose family oligosacharides (RFO) during cold acclimation demonstrated in several woody species, are of interest in a search for genetic control of environmental adaptation by cold-hardy woody plants. This study examined the relationship of temperature to endodormancy and cold hardiness in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) buds collected at 1560, 2250, and 2900 m elevation near Fort Collins, Colo. Buds from all sites tolerated at least –85°C in December, and buds from 2900 m, the highest elevation, hardened most quickly in fall and retained their hardiness the longest in late winter and early spring. Exposure to liquid nitrogen caused bud break in normally endodormant (15 November collection date) buds. RFO levels were highly correlated to low temperature during acclimation and to lowest survival temperatures. Endogenous raffinose and stachyose increased as temperatures dropped in early winter and diminished as temperatures rose in spring. Arrhenius plots showed that raffinose accumulation was strongly low-temperature dependent during acclimation. Its loss, while also temperature dependant in spring, was not as pronounced as during fall acclimation. Buds from all three sites survived cryopreservation at –196°C when first prefrozen at 5°C/h and stored >4 h at –20°C or colder. Differential scanning calorimetry data suggest that an aqueous component froze separately from tissues that underwent a glass transition in buds that survived cryopreservation. This study documents a complete dormant season hardiness profile of aspen linking hardiness with changes in endogenous soluble sugars.

scholarly journals The Interaction of Photoperiod and Temperature on Cold Hardiness and the Accumulation of Soluble Sugars in Two Cultivars of Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 848F-848
Author(s):  
C.L. Haynes ◽  
O.M. Lindstrom ◽  
M.A. Dirr
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Temperature Interaction

Decreasing photoperiods and decreasing temperatures induce cold acclimation and the accumulation of soluble sugars in many plants. Two cultivars of southern magnolia differing in cold hardiness and acclimation patterns, were monitored to determine photoperiod × temperature interaction on cold hardiness and soluble sugar content. Cold hardiness increased with low temperatures and short photoperiods. Total soluble sugars, sucrose, and raffinose consistently increased in the leaves and stems of both cultivars in response primarily to low temperature. `Little Gem' was less responsive to photoperiod than `Claudia Wannamaker'

scholarly journals Cold-hardiness, Acclimation, and Deacclimation among Diverse Blueberry Genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K. Ehlenfeldt ◽  
Lisa J. Rowland ◽  
Elizabeth L. Ogden ◽  
Bryan T. Vinyard
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Breeding Germplasm

Cold injury to plants can occur by early fall freezes before cold acclimation, by severe midwinter freezes that exceed the limits of the plant's tolerance, or by hard freezes in late winter or early spring after partial or complete deacclimation. Ideally, blueberry (Vaccinium L.) cultivars for temperate regions should acclimate to cold quickly in the fall, have a high midwinter-hardiness, and deacclimate late and/or slowly during spring or during unseasonably warm spells in winter, and do all of this without adversely delaying time of fruiting. Until recently, only limited evaluations have been done on the acclimation and deacclimation process in blueberry, although it is an integral part of flower bud survival and, thus, is directly related to potential yield. In this study, we have measured the timing and rate of acclimation and deacclimation in seven blueberry genotypes with different amounts of diverse species germplasm in their backgrounds. Primary differences observed among the seven genotypes were differences in maximum hardiness levels and the date at which they were reached, and differences in the date at which maximum acclimation levels were no longer sustained and deacclimation started. Highbush cultivars Bluecrop and Legacy (V. corymbosum L.), rabbiteye cultivar Tifblue [V. ashei Reade (= V. virgatum Aiton)], and two rabbiteye hybrid derivatives (US 1043 and US 1056) all reached maximum or near maximum cold-hardiness by late December with temperatures causing 50% lethality (LT50) in a range from –22 to –27 °C. The half-high, ‘Northsky’, and a hybrid of V. constablaei Gray × V. ashei ‘Little Giant’ both achieved cold acclimation of –28 °C or below (the lowest value we could measure) by the end of November. After reaching their maximum hardiness in late December, ‘Legacy’, ‘Tifblue’, and US 1043 began a sustained and relatively linear deacclimation, whereas US 1056, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Northsky’, and ‘Little Giant’ sustained their acclimation for longer intervals. ‘Bluecrop’ and US 1056 did not begin to deacclimate until early March, and ‘Little Giant’ and ‘Northsky’ had no LT50 values higher (warmer) than –25 °C until late March. As concerns about climate change increase, knowledge of the ability of breeding germplasm to tolerate greater temperature extremes and fluctuations will prove increasingly valuable.

scholarly journals Dehydrins and Soluble Sugars Involved in Cold Acclimation of Rosa wichurana and Rose Cultivar ‘Yesterday’

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Lin Ouyang ◽  
Leen Leus ◽  
Ellen De Keyser ◽  
Marie-Christine Van Labeke
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cold Hardy

Rose is the most economically important ornamental plant. However, cold stress seriously affects the survival and regrowth of garden roses in northern regions. Cold acclimation was studied using two genotypes (Rosa wichurana and R. hybrida ‘Yesterday’) selected from a rose breeding program. During the winter season (November to April), the cold hardiness of stems, soluble sugar content, and expression of dehydrins and the related key genes in the soluble sugar metabolism were analyzed. ‘Yesterday’ is more cold-hardy and acclimated faster, reaching its maximum cold hardiness in December. R. wichurana is relatively less cold-hardy, only reaching its maximum cold hardiness in January after prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Dehydrin transcripts accumulated significantly during November–January in both genotypes. Soluble sugars are highly involved in cold acclimation, with sucrose and oligosaccharides significantly correlated with cold hardiness. Sucrose occupied the highest proportion of total soluble sugars in both genotypes. During November–January, downregulation of RhSUS was found in both genotypes, while upregulation of RhSPS was observed in ‘Yesterday’ and upregulation of RhINV2 was found in R. wichurana. Oligosaccharides accumulated from November to February and decreased to a significantly low level in April. RhRS6 had a significant upregulation in December in R. wichurana. This study provides insight into the cold acclimation mechanism of roses by combining transcription patterns with metabolite quantification.

scholarly journals The Brachypodium distachyon cold-acclimated plasma membrane proteome is primed for stress resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin L Juurakko ◽  
Melissa Bredow ◽  
Takato Nakayama ◽  
Hiroyuki Imai ◽  
Yukio Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plasma Membrane Proteins ◽  
Membrane Proteome

Abstract In order to survive sub-zero temperatures, some plants undergo cold acclimation where low, non-freezing temperatures and/or shortened day lengths allow cold hardening and survival during subsequent freeze events. Central to this response is the plasma membrane, where low-temperature is perceived and cellular homeostasis must be preserved by maintaining membrane integrity. Here, we present the first plasma membrane proteome of cold-acclimated Brachypodium distachyon, a model species for the study of monocot crops. A time course experiment investigated cold acclimation-induced changes in the proteome following two-phase partitioning plasma membrane enrichment and label-free quantification by nano-liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometry. Two days of cold acclimation were sufficient for membrane protection as well as an initial increase in sugar levels, and coincided with a significant change in the abundance of 154 proteins. Prolonged cold acclimation resulted in further increases in soluble sugars and abundance changes in more than 680 proteins, suggesting both a necessary early response to low-temperature treatment, as well as a sustained cold acclimation response elicited over several days. A meta-analysis revealed that the identified plasma membrane proteins have known roles in low-temperature tolerance, metabolism, transport, and pathogen defense as well as drought, osmotic stress and salt resistance suggesting crosstalk between stress responses, such that cold acclimation may prime plants for other abiotic and biotic stresses. The plasma membrane proteins identified here present keys to an understanding of cold tolerance in monocot crops and the hope of addressing economic losses associated with modern climate-mediated increases in frost events.

SOLUBLE PROTEINS AND COLD HARDINESS OF TWO WOODY SPECIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Craker ◽  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
C. J. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns

A simplified, highly reproducible procedure is outlined for the extraction and polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of acidic soluble proteins from apple bark and arborvitae foliage. The procedure includes low temperature maceration, short extraction time, and an extraction solution which contains polyol and phenolic complexers, a reducing agent, and a non-ionic surfactant. Electrophoretic patterns, total nitrogen, moisture content, minimum survival temperatures, and environmental and morphological changes were examined during the natural dehardening of apple and the controlled hardening of arborvitae. Qualitative protein changes, as evidenced by the appearance and disappearance of specific bands, occurred at times when changes in hardiness were taking place.

An apparent relationship of soluble sugars with hardiness in winter wheat varieties

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 2198-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Green ◽  
C. D. Ratzlaff
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Soluble carbohydrate patterns of two hardy winter wheat cultivars and two less hardy cultivars were compared during the cold-hardening process. Soluble carbohydrates increased in concentration as the seedlings developed and the cold-hardening process occurred. The largest soluble carbohydrate differentials between the hardy and less hardy winter wheat cultivars occurred in the sucrose and raffinose fractions. The accumulation of sucrose and raffinose in wheat growing at 7.2 °C–0.5 °C day–night was greater in the two less hardy winter wheat cultivars. An inverse relationship existed between soluble sugars and cold hardiness in the four cultivars studied.

Cold hardiness of olive (Olea europaeaL.) cultivars in cold-acclimated and non-acclimated stages: seasonal alteration of soluble sugars and phospholipids

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GULEN ◽  
A. CANSEV ◽  
A. ERIS
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme Activities ◽  
Leaf Tissues

SUMMARYIn many plant species, several physiological and biochemical changes occur during low-temperature-induced cold acclimation. A previous study with olive cultivars (Cansevet al.2009) demonstrated a correlation between the level of accumulation of certain leaf proteins besides antioxidative enzyme activities and cold hardiness of the cultivars. The present paper analysed soluble sugar (SS) and phospholipid (PL) contents of cold-acclimated (CA) and non-acclimated (NA) leaf tissues in order to explain the mechanism of cultivar-dependent response to cold in olive. In general, cold acclimation significantly increased total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugars and sucrose contents of all cultivars to various extents depending on the cold hardiness of cultivars. In addition, TSS, reducing sugars and sucrose contents in cold-tolerant cultivars were significantly increased, whereas TSS, reducing sugars and sucrose contents in cold-sensitive cultivars either did not change or increased slightly in CA stage compared with those in NA stage. Even though reducing sugars were the major soluble sugar in olive leaves, levels of sucrose accumulations in CA stage compared with those in NA stage were greater than those observed in reducing sugars accumulation. Changes in levels of total PL, as well as the three individual PL fractions phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), were investigated in olive leaf tissues. Significant increases in levels of PC and PE fractions during CA compared with those in NA stage suggested that PC and PE maintained the cold hardiness of olive cultivars more effectively than did PI. Although the precise mechanisms by which olive responds to cold may still be open to discussion, soluble sugars and PL are clearly important in the ability of olive cultivars to stand against cold stress.

CHANGES IN THE COLD HARDINESS OF ALFALFA DURING FIVE CONSECUTIVE WINTERS AT BEAVERLODGE, ALBERTA

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKENZIE ◽  
G. E. McLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Water Saturated

Plants of Medicago falcata ’Anik’ were samples to assess their relative cold hardiness during the fall, winter and spring periods from 1974–75 to 1978–79. Precipitation and soil temperature patterns and cold hardiness profiles varied considerably from year to year. Environmental conditions in the fall appeared to exert the greatest influence on the cold hardiness profile and the maximum cold hardiness level in mid-winter. In general, plants started to harden in mid-September, but during one fall hardening period there was a delay associated with the early development of crown buds and the accompanying flush of growth during August and September. During two fall hardening periods, water-saturated soil conditions were associated with a dehardening phase in October. Conditions favoring delayed fall hardening and complete dehardening in the late fall were also associated with a lower level of hardiness in mid-winter. The maximum hardiness level, and the month during which it occurred, fluctuated considerably each year. Plants began dehardening as soil temperatures increased in late winter and early spring during 3 of the 5 yr. In the remaining 2 yr, plants began to deharden prior to an increase in soil temperature.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Structureless Overwintering Systems for Container-Grown Herbaceous Perennials

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Jeffery K. Iles ◽  
Nancy H. Agnew ◽  
Henry G. Taber ◽  
Nick E. Christians
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials

Abstract Five structureless overwintering systems were evaluated for temperature moderation and protection of 18 container-grown herbaceous perennials from low-temperature injury. Two light-excluding treatments; 30 cm (1 ft) of straw between two layers of 4-mil white polyethylene and 18 cm (7 in) deep, in-ground beds protected with one layer of 4-mil white polyethylene and 30 cm (1 ft) of woodchips, provided the greatest moderation of winter low and early spring high temperatures, but also resulted in severe etiolation. A bonded white polyethylene/microfoam overwintering blanket (thermoblanket) with translucent properties provided comparable plant survival percentages despite dramatic temperature extremes recorded beneath this cover and, in late winter, created an environment conducive to moderate plant growth without formation of etiolated tissue.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Perennial Ryegrass Cold Tolerance During Deacclimation in Late Winter and Early Spring

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Webster ◽  
J.S. Ebdon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Exchangeable K

Turf loss from freezing injury results in costly re-establishment, especially with turfgrasses such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) having poor low-temperature hardiness. Studies are limited as to the influence of N and K on cold tolerance during dehardening periods in late winter when grasses are most susceptible to freezing injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate perennial ryegrass low temperature hardiness during deacclimation in response to N and K and associated effects on crown hydration, median killing temperature (LT50), shoot growth rate, tissue K concentration, soil exchangeable K, and low temperature disease. Treatments included five rate levels of N (49, 147, 245, 343, and 441 kg·ha-1·yr-1) in all factorial combinations with 3 rate levels of K (49, 245, and 441 kg·ha-1·yr-1). Low temperature tolerance was assessed using whole plant survival and electrolyte leakage (EL). Interactions between N and K were detected for all field measurements. The effects of N and K on survival LT50 were detected only during late winter periods in February 2004, N and K differences were lost by March. Late winter cold survival was negatively correlated with crown moisture, growth rate, and tissue K. Tissue K concentrations ranged from 28.6 to 35.9 g·kg–1 DM while soil K ranged from 121 to 261 mg·kg–1. Soil extractable K was not correlated with tissue K. Survival and EL LT50 were uncorrelated due to N and K interaction. Survival LT50 ranged from –9.0 to –13.6 °C. Maximum cold hardiness occurred when low to moderate N (49 to 147 kg·ha-1·yr-1) was applied with medium-high to high levels of K (245 to 441 kg·ha-1·yr-1), which corresponded to soil exchangeable K levels ranging from 200 to 260 mg·kg–1. Alternatively, similar K fertilization and soil K levels combined with high rates of N (343 and 441 kg·ha-1·yr-1) increased freeze stress and low temperature fungi (Typhula incarnata). At N rates routinely applied to perennial ryegrass, higher soil extractable K beyond those levels currently recommended for optimum shoot growth could provide some benefit in enhancing cold hardiness. Late fall applied N did not appear to increase the potential for winter injury.

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