An apparent relationship of soluble sugars with hardiness in winter wheat varieties

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 2198-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Green ◽  
C. D. Ratzlaff
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Soluble carbohydrate patterns of two hardy winter wheat cultivars and two less hardy cultivars were compared during the cold-hardening process. Soluble carbohydrates increased in concentration as the seedlings developed and the cold-hardening process occurred. The largest soluble carbohydrate differentials between the hardy and less hardy winter wheat cultivars occurred in the sucrose and raffinose fractions. The accumulation of sucrose and raffinose in wheat growing at 7.2 °C–0.5 °C day–night was greater in the two less hardy winter wheat cultivars. An inverse relationship existed between soluble sugars and cold hardiness in the four cultivars studied.

EFFECT OF A Rht GENE CONDITIONING THE SEMIDWARF CHARACTER ON WINTERHARDINESS IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. GILLILAND ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the northern part of the North American Great Plains, the level of cultivar winter-hardiness required for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is extremely high. Presently, available winter wheat cultivars with adequate winterhardiness are tall and, under favourable growing conditions, crop lodging and excessive amounts of straw can present serious production problems. Consequently, cultivars with short, stiff straw and a high harvest index would be desirable for high production areas within this region. However, semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness have not yet been developed. In this study, six GA-insensitive (Rht) semidwarf parents with poor to moderate winterhardiness were crossed with three GA-sensitive (rht) tall parents possessing good winterhardiness to produce 20 different single, three-way and double crosses. These crosses were evaluated to determine if the GA-insensitive character could be combined with a high level of winterhardiness in winter wheat. Gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity analyses of F2 seedlings established that a single GA-insensitive gene was involved in each cross. F2-derived F3 and F3-derived F4 lines were assessed for GA-sensitivity and winterhardiness levels were determined from field survival at several locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Winter survival of homozygous GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive lines were similar in both generations. Lines with winterhardiness levels similar to those of the three tall parent cultivars were recovered in all GA-response classes. The absence of a meaningful pleiotropic effect of Rht genes on winterhardiness indicates that the reason semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness levels have not been developed is due to the lack of a concentrated breeding effort to combine the two characters. A breeding strategy for the production of adapted winterhardy semidwarf winter wheat cultivars is discussed. The influence of endogenous gibberellin levels on cold hardiness in winter wheat is also considered.Key words: Cold hardiness, field survival, Triticum aestivum L, semidwarf, Gibberellic acid

POTENTIAL FOR WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTION IN SASKATCHEWAN

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
K. E. BOWREN ◽  
W. L. CROWLE ◽  
E. D. MALLOUGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Gray Soil

Winter cereal trials consisting of 10 cultivars representing cold hardiness potentials ranging up to the hardiness of Frontier winter rye were seeded at test sites throughout Saskatchewan for 2 yr. At most sites in the Brown soil zone only winter rye survived without extensive winter damage. At sites in the Black and Gray soil zones, winter survival was sufficient to provide agronomic data for several winter wheat cultivars. Considerable yield compensation took place in stands exhibiting partial winterkill, and as a result hardier cultivars did not always demonstrate a yield advantage.

scholarly journals Resistance of winter wheat cultivars to leaf rust in conditions of the Central Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.R. Manukyan ◽  
N.N. Dogusova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The main problem of wheat immunity to leaf rust is the loss of efficiency of most Lrgenes. The decrease in efficiency is associated with microevolutionary processes within the population and the emergence of new virulent phytopathogen races that can overcome previously efficient resistance genes. The article presents the results of the phytopathological test and marker analysis of the selected material of winter wheat for resistance to the leaf rust pathogen (Puccinia recondita Rob.ex Desm f. sp. tritici.). The object of the research was 20 cultivar samples of various ecological and geographical origins. DNA was isolated from the leaves of 10-day-old wheat germs. Molecular markers were used for the following genes: Lr9 (SCS5), Lr10 (Fi.2245/Lr10-6/r2), Lr19/Sr25 (SCS265), Lr20/Sr15 (STS638), Lr24/Sr24 (Sr24#12), Lr34/Sr57 (csLV34), Lr37/Sr38/Yr17/Pch2/Cre5 (Ventriup/LN2), Lr41 (GDM35), Lr47 (PS10). Using molecular markers, the studied wheat varieties did not reveal the highly and partially effective genes Lr9, Lr19/Sr25, Lr24/Sr24, Lr41, and Lr47 in Russia, and the ineffective gene Lr20/Sr1. As a result of molecular screening, it was found that the List 25 variety had Lr37 genes; the Mif variety had Lr10 genes; the Eltan variety had Lr10 genes; the Markola variety had Lr34 genes; the Malvina variety had Lr26 genes; the Tvorets variety had Lr10 genes; the DB 1/05 variety had Lr10 genes; the Evklid variety had Lr10 genes; the Sumai aut variety had Lr34 genes; the Lebidka odes'ka variety had Lr34 genes; the Solara variety – Lr34; the Zhiva variety – Lr10, Lr34. When comparing the results of marker analysis with field resistance to leaf rust, the resistant type of reaction to infection (R) was shown by the cultivars: Battum, Eltan, Evklid, Areal, and Solara; the susceptible type of reaction (S) was noted in the cultivars Markola and Mallyska; the medium susceptible type of reaction (MS) – in the cultivars Lebidka odes'ka and Tvorets.

Resistance to wheat midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in winter wheat and the origins of resistance in spring wheat (Poaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
M.A.H. Smith ◽  
I.L. Wise ◽  
R.I.H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
North American ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Oviposition Deterrence ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractNine winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus) (Poaceae) were the source of the Sm1 gene for resistance to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in spring wheat. All nine showed antibiosis characteristic of Sm1, as expected. They also showed oviposition deterrence and reduced hatch, which contributed to overall resistance. The overall level of resistance of the nine winter wheat cultivars was usually lower than that of resistant spring wheat lines in laboratory trials, but equally high in a field trial. Five of seven other North American winter wheat cultivars also showed resistance. Three of these were grown in the 1920s and earlier, before wheat varieties were officially registered. One of these, “Mediterranean”, came from Europe in the 1880s and may be the origin of Sm1 in North America. Two of 11 Chinese winter wheat lines showed resistance to wheat midge but at a lower level than that characteristic of Sm1. Widespread resistance in North American winter wheat cultivars was unexpected because wheat midge has not been a pest of winter wheat for many decades. North American winter wheat cultivars can provide sources of resistance to wheat midge, particularly high levels of oviposition deterrence as exhibited by “Goens” and “Rawhide”.

A comparison of the freezing tolerance of downy brome, Japanese brome and Norstar winter wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. O'Connor ◽  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
S. P. Paquette
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Tissue Water Content ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The freezing tolerance of downy (Bromus tectorum L.) and Japanese (Bromus japonicus) brome were compared to Norstar winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from similar sites. From December to April of 1987 downy brome was either equal to or superior in freezing tolerance to the winter wheat. Of the three species, Japanese brome was slightly less hardy in December but was of equal freezing tolerance in March and April. There was no correlation between freezing tolerance and tissue water content or tissue dry weight in the three species. These two bromes may become a serious weed in winter wheat because their cold hardiness is either equal or superior to our hardiest winter wheat cultivars. Key words: Downy brome, Japanese brome, winter wheat, freezing tolerance

Etude des protéines des blés résistant, Kharkov, et sensible, Selkirk, au cours de l'endurcissement au froid. II. Protéines solubles et protéines des chloroplastes et des membranes

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 2417-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rochat ◽  
H. P. Therrien
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Hardening Treatment ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Investigations of quantitative and qualitative changes in protein synthesis in two winter wheat varieties have been made during the early stages of cold hardening. When labelling with 35S is made during the hardening treatment, the incorporation of the tracer into proteins is very low in both varieties. However, if labelling at 22 °C precedes hardening, the hardy variety, Kharkov, shows an increase in the incorporation of 35S into the total soluble proteins, and the rate of synthesis of both chloroplast and membrane proteins is maintained during the hardening process. In the less-hardy Selkirk, a very marked decrease in proteogenesis has been observed.Qualitative studies on the incorporation of 35S have not revealed any changes in specific chloroplast and membrane proteins during early stages of cold hardening of the two varieties of winter wheat.

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