Storability and root freezing tolerance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stattin ◽  
Claes Hellqvist ◽  
Anders Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Bare Root

The objective of the study was to evaluate if root freezing tolerance and post-storage survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings can be improved by cool storage prior to frozen storage. Four-year-old bare-root seedlings were lifted and put into cool or frozen storage at 2-week intervals from mid-September to mid-December. Length of cool (5.5°C) storage prior to frozen (-4.6°C) storage was 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks. Root freezing tolerance, determined directly by freezing-induced electrolyte leakage and indirectly by shoot and root dry matter content, were assessed at lifting and biweekly during cool storage. At these occasions, seedlings were also transferred from cool storage to frozen storage. Survival of the seedlings was assessed in a cultivation test in April. Root freezing tolerance increased for seedlings put into cool storage before November, whereas seedlings put into cool storage from November onwards did not increase in root freezing tolerance. Electrolyte leakage after root freezing to -5°C at the time of transfer to frozen storage correlated to post-storage survival of seedlings pretreated up to 6 weeks. Lifting for successful overwinter storage could be done up to 1 month earlier if seedlings were pretreated in cool storage 6 weeks before transfer to frozen storage.

Models for Predicting Dry Matter Content of Norway spruce

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bergstedt ◽  
Per Ole Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content

scholarly journals An Assessment of Storability of Norway Spruce Container Seedlings in Freezer Storage as Affected by Short-Day Treatment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
Jaana Luoranen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Freezer Storage ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Determination of safe times at which to transfer seedlings to freezer storage is problematic in forest tree nurseries. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between pre-storage frost hardiness (FH) of different plant parts, dry matter content (DMC), chilling hours (the sum of hours when temperature was between −5 °C and +5 °C), and post-storage vitality, and the impact of short-day (SD) treatment on these relationships. One and a half year old control seedlings and SD-treated seedlings of Norway spruce were transferred to freezer storage (−3 °C) on five occasions during autumn. On each occasion, the FH of buds, needles, stem, and roots, as well as DMC, were determined, and chilling hours were calculated. The vitality of the freezer-stored seedlings was determined through their root growth capacity in the subsequent spring, and through the field performance of the seedlings (shoot growth and seedling damage) at the end of the following two growing seasons. Seedlings were considered to be storable when the FH of the needles was at least −25 °C, and the FH of the roots was about −10 °C in both treatments. Early storage reduced the vitality of the seedlings. SD treatment did not advance the storability of the seedlings, although it alleviated some of the negative effects of early storage by improving the FH of needles and stem, but not that of the roots. The DMC value, indicating storability, was higher for SD-treated seedlings than for control seedlings. When data from five experiments conducted in Suonenjoki were combined, it was found that the relationship between accumulation of chilling hours and needle FH was dependent on nursery treatment and assessment year, which reduces the reliability of using chilling hours in predicting the storability of Norway spruce seedlings. The predicted climate change may complicate the fall acclimation of seedlings. New, user-friendly methods for determining storability of seedlings are urgently needed.

Storability and root freezing tolerance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stattin ◽  
Claes Hellqvist ◽  
Anders Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Freezing Tolerance

scholarly journals Development of a molecular test to determine the vitality status of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings during frozen storage

New Forests ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 665-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stattin ◽  
Nathalie Verhoef ◽  
Peter Balk ◽  
Monique van Wordragen ◽  
Anders Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Molecular Test

Root freezing tolerance and vitality of Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings; influence of storage duration, storage temperature, and prestorage root freezing

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2477-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Lindström ◽  
Eva Stattin
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Pine Seedlings

This study investigated the effect of different cold storage conditions on (i) root freezing tolerance of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and (ii) the vitality of seedlings that suffered freezing injury to roots prior to storage. Container-grown seedlings, 1 year old, were stored from the end of October to April in three environments with different root temperatures: outdoor storage (−0.5 to 11.0 °C), cool storage (0.7 to 3.7 °C), or frozen storage (−5.0 to −3.8 °C). Root freezing tolerance was determined prior to storage in October and during storage in January and March. Maximum root freezing tolerance for both species occurred in January, when over 50% of spruce and pine seedlings survived 2 h exposure to −25 and −20 °C, respectively. At this time, roots of frozen-stored spruce were significantly more freezing tolerant than outdoor-stored seedlings, whereas storage environment had no significant effect on pine. Freezing tolerance in roots of both species decreased from January to March in all test environments but to a lesser extent at the subzero temperatures in the frozen storage. Root freezing to −10, −15, or −20 °C in late October before storage resulted in reduced poststorage survival of seedlings in April. Pine was more adversely affected (0–13% survival) than spruce (0–85% survival). Freezing of roots prior to storage caused the lowest survival with frozen storage.

scholarly journals Some physiological changes in Waldsteinia trifolia (Roch.) leaves in different months of the year

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Renata Wojciechowska ◽  
Tadeusz Kobyłko ◽  
Anna Hostyńska
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
High Dry Matter

The study concerned an evergreen herbal plant <i>Waldsteinia trifolia</i> Roch. This species can be found more and more often in garden plantings in Poland. The aim of the study was to estimate the content of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins and dry matter as well as the permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes of <i>Waldsteinia</i> leaves. Plants grew in an ornamental plant collection at the premises of the Faculty of Horticulture of the Agricultural University in Kraków. The study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 in the following months: March, May, June, September, October and November. The permeability of cytoplasmatic membranes was estimated based on electrolyte leakage from leaf discs at 20°C in relation to total electrolytes in the tissue after unfreezing. The first days with temperature drops down to around 0°C in autumn resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, but significantly increased anthocyanin content. The ratio of chlorophyll a to b and the ratio of total chlorophylls to carotenoids did not change in particular months. In both years of study, similar changes in dry matter content of the <i>Waldsteinia</i> leaves were observed. Dry matter content significantly increased in June and November and decreased in May and October. In June and in autumn, after first slight frosts, an increase of electrolyte leakage from the leaf discs was observed. However, high dry matter content (40.3%) was accompanied by lower permeability of the cytoplasmatic membranes of the leaves after winter during March. These results have shown good adaptation of <i>Waldsteinia trifolia</i> plants to the climatic conditions in Poland.

Freezing tolerance in two Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) progenies is physiologically correlated with drought tolerance

2005 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Blödner ◽  
Torre Skroppa ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Andrea Polle
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Freezing Tolerance

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Gluten-Free Egg Pie Product: Effects of Sensory Attributes and Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10389
Author(s):  
Karina Ilona Hidas ◽  
Anna Visy ◽  
Judit Csonka ◽  
Ildikó Csilla Nyulas-Zeke ◽  
László Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Short Time

In the last few decades, convenience has become one of the most important factors for consumers. Therefore, food products that take a short time to prepare are gaining in popularity. The aim of this study was to develop a gluten-free egg-pie product which is quick-frozen in pre-baked form and remains usable for a long time. Besides, it satisfies various consumer needs while remaining sustainable by not having a great impact on the environment. A dough containing rice, millet, and buckwheat flour was developed. The fillings also appeared in unflavored and flavored form (spinach onion, cheese) with and without increased egg white content. Acceptance of the product was measured by sensory test. Texture and dry matter content measurement, triangular test, and color measurement were performed to track changes through six months of frozen storage. The stored pies’ hardness declined for three months, then doubled the original value at the end of the frozen storage. The stored pies hardness declined for three months (from 10.76 ± 1.78 and 11.22 ± 1.47 N to 8.52 ± 1.74 and 9.91 ± 1.16 N), then doubled the original value at the end of the frozen storage (21.69 ± 2.55 and 19.62 ± 1.67 N). The dry matter content showed increasing tendency. Results of the triangular tests showed that the stored flavored pies were less distinguishable from freshly baked ones than the unflavored egg-pies. Color measurement showed that the fillings of the pies were darkening during the frozen storage. Consumer liking test showed values between 6.52 ± 1.76 and 7.56 ± 1.2 on a 9-point hedonic scale. Color measurement showed that the fillings of the pies were darkening during the frozen storage, and the lightness values decreased from 90.17 ± 0.06 and 90.53 ± 0.11 to 81.43 ± 0.41 and 83.22 ± 0.87 in six months. Results generated in this study suggest that consumers’ acceptance was high, though results of penalty analysis showed that more flavorings would increase the overall acceptability.

scholarly journals Change of cold hardiness in bare-rooted Norway spruce planting stock during autumn and its effect on survival

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sarvaš
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
First Results ◽  
Frost Stress

The objective of this study was to test a method of measurements of electrolyte leakage for determining an optimal autumn lifting date. The second objective was to obtain information about the effects of different autumn lifting dates on survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) plants. A significant difference was found between lifting dates for the values of root electrolyte leakage (REL) from unstressed plants, but without clear tendency. The values of electrolyte leakage from shoots (SEL) were very stable (11&ndash;13%). On the other hand, the electrolyte leakage from roots (REL) decreased in dependence on different lifting date after artificial frost stress. On the first lifting date (end of September) the REL values were 77%. On the last lifting date (8 November) the REL values were 56%. The same tendency was found for SEL values (decrease from 63% at the end of September to 17% on 8 November). Differences were also found in the survival of plants. The plants lifted on earlier dates had nearly 100% mortality, which decreased with later date of lifting. The results of this study showed that cold hardiness of planting stock increased during autumn and was higher for shoots than for roots. The first results showed that it is possible to optimize the autumn lifting date of spruce planting stock by measurements of electrolyte leakage from shoots after artificial frost test. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Comparison of different thawing methods effect on the calorimetric and rheological properties of frozen liquid egg yolk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Ilona Hidas ◽  
Csaba Németh ◽  
Anna Visy ◽  
Adrienn Tóth ◽  
László Ferenc Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Analyse Data

AbstractEggs are commonly used in the food industry because of their excellent nutrient value and also for their coagulating, foaming, emulsifying, colouring and flavouring properties. Manufacturers substitute shell eggs with processed egg products, such as liquid whole egg, liquid egg yolk or albumin. They have a shelf life of a few weeks, but freezing can increase it to 1 year. However, freezing causes gelation in case of egg yolk. This process is highly dependent on the conditions of freezing and thawing.In our study, raw liquid egg yolk was frozen and stored for 14 days at −18 °C. On days 1, 7 and 14 samples were thawed by two different methods. Denaturation temperature and enthalpy were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Besides, rheological properties were examined at 20 °C, Herschel–Bulkley model was fitted to flow curves of the examined samples. The dry matter content was also recorded during the experiment. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse data.The results of the study showed that method of thawing had no significant effect on calorimetric and rheological properties and dry matter content. In contrast, freezing and frozen storage had a significant effect on denaturation enthalpy and rheological properties.

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