Bacterial surface antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies used to detect beer spoilage pediococci

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Whiting ◽  
W M Ingledew ◽  
Sun Y Lee ◽  
Barry Ziola
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Protease Treatment ◽  
Beer Spoilage

Fourteen monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were isolated that react with surface antigens of Pediococcus beer spoilage organisms, including P. damnosus, P. pentosaceous, P. acidilactici, and unspeciated isolates. Immunoblotting, enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) of protease- and neuraminidase-treated surface antigen extracts, carbohydrate competition EIAs, and cardiolipin EIAs were used to characterize the bacterial antigens involved in Mab binding. Antigen stability in situ was tested by protease treatment or surface antigen extraction of washed bacteria. In most cases, the Mabs bind to Pediococcus surface antigens that appear to be covalently bound cell wall polymers resistant to alteration or removal from the bacterial surface. These bacterial surface antigen reactive Mabs show good potential for rapid, sensitive, and specific immunoassay detection of Pediococcus beer spoilage organisms.Key words: beer spoilage organism, immunoassay, monoclonal antibodies, Pediococcus, surface antigens.

Brewing spoilage lactobacilli detected using monoclonal antibodies to bacterial surface antigens

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Whiting ◽  
Sheryl L Gares ◽  
W M Ingledew ◽  
Barry Ziola
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Protease Treatment

A panel of thirteen monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) was assembled that reacts with surface antigens on eight of eleven Lactobacillus brewing spoilage organisms, including one or more of L. brevis, L. buchneri, L. casei-alactosus, L. plantarum, or unspeciated isolate(s). Immunoblotting was done to identify the antigens involved in Mab binding. Antigen stability in situ was tested by protease treatment and by surface antigen extraction of washed bacteria. Protease susceptibility of extracted surface antigens was also examined. In most cases, Lactobacillus surface antigens detected by the Mabs appear to be noncovalently bound proteins readily altered or removed from the bacterium by various environmental conditions. This research identifies brewing conditions that need to be tested to ascertain whether bacterial surface antigen-reactive Mabs can be used for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Lactobacillus brewing spoilage organisms.Key words: brewing spoilage organism, immunoassay, Lactobacillus, monoclonal antibodies, surface antigens.

Viscoelastic properties of woody hemp core

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahime Bag ◽  
Johnny Beaugrand ◽  
Patrice Dole ◽  
Bernard Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dielectric Analysis ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of removing extractives from the woody core of hemp (chènevotte) on the chain mobility of hemicelluloses and lignins, which can react during technological transformation such as de-fibering and/or composite materials production. Extractives are molecules with low molecular weight, which are present in the cell wall matrix and can be readily removed by solvents. In the present paper, the nature and amounts of extractives, removed under different conditions and with solvents of different polarities, were determined. The mobility and structural relaxations of lignins and hemicelluloses were stu-died in situ by dynamic mechanical analysis and dielectric analysis under controlled moisture content. Extractions at low temperature led to rigidification of lignins and plasticizing of hemicelluloses, probably due to local changes by the selective removal of molecules interacting with the polymers. Probably, the accessibility of hemicelluloses to plasticizing water was increased at controlled humidity. In contrast, hot extractions including water induced rigidification of the hemi-celluloses and plasticizing of lignins. This could be related to a combination of molecule extractions and chemical modi-fications of both polymers. This interpretation is supported by the variation of activation energy for relaxation of hemi-celluloses. It can be concluded that each type of extraction has a clear specific effect on the relaxation properties of the amorphous cell wall polymers.

The occurrence of antibodies to hidden and exposed determinants of surface antigens of Trichinella spiralis

Parasitology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres ◽  
Ann Chayen ◽  
N. W. T. Clark ◽  
R. M. E. Parkhouse
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Polypeptide Structure

SUMMARYMice were infected per os with Trichinella spiralis and their lymphocytes were removed and fused with mouse myeloma cell line P3 × 63Ag8653P3 for the selection of monoclonal antibodies to biochemically defined, stage-specific surface antigens of 3 parasite developmental stages: muscle larvae, adults and newborn larvae. Two separate antibodies against a defined single surface antigen of each stage were isolated. In each separate case the pair of monoclonal antibodies precipitated the same component from detergent-solubilized surface antigen preparations, but only one was able to bind to the surface of the living worm. The other must therefore be directed against an antigenic epitope which is obscured in the intact worm surface. The latter type of antibody is unlikely to be involved in the initial phase of parasite rejection and hence is another example of a non-protective host antibody response. The stimulus for its synthesis may be release of surface antigen, which does occur in vitro. One surface antigen of the newborn larvae is only detected by antibody in the first 6 h after birth; thereafter its presence is obscured as other antigens appear. The major surface antigen of the infective larvae contains carbohydrate determinants which are not available at the parasite surface. In addition, it displays great molecular heterogeneity but all variants appear to be derived from a common polypeptide structure.

scholarly journals Cell Wall Growth and Modulation Dynamics in a Model Unicellular Green Alga—Penium margaritaceum: Live Cell Labeling with Monoclonal Antibodies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Domozych ◽  
Hannah Brechka ◽  
Alicia Britton ◽  
Marc Toso
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Penium margaritaceum is a unicellular charophycean green alga that possesses cell wall polymers similar to those of land plants. Several wall macromolecules of this alga are recognized by monoclonal antibodies specific for wall polymer epitopes of land plants. Immunofluorescence protocols using these antibodies may be employed to label specific cell wall constituents of live cells. Fluorescent labeling persists for several days, and this attribute allows for tracing of wall epitopes in both long- and short-term studies of cell development. Quantitative analysis of surface area covered by cell wall polymers is also easily performed. We show that significant cell expansion caused by incubation of cells in low levels of osmotically active agents like mannitol, glucose, or sucrose results from the inability of cells to undergo cytokinesis but does not result in significant changes to the amount of new cell wall. We also demonstrate that cells can be maintained for long periods of time in culture medium supplemented with specific cell wall-degrading enzymes where notable changes to wall infrastructure occur. These results demonstrate the great potential value of Penium in elucidating fundamental events during cell wall synthesis and modulation in plant cells.

In situ analysis of cell wall polymers associated with phloem fibre cells in stems of hemp, Cannabis sativa L.

Planta ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Blake ◽  
Susan E. Marcus ◽  
James E. Copeland ◽  
Richard S. Blackburn ◽  
J. Paul Knox
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers ◽  
Phloem Fibre

Bacterial surface layer glycoproteins and “non-classical” secondary cell wall polymers

2010 ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Messner ◽  
Eva Maria Egelseer ◽  
Uwe B. Sleytr ◽  
Christina Schäffer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Ikuta ◽  
Y. Ebie ◽  
A. Hirata ◽  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

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