Effect of diallyldisulphide on an antioxidant enzyme system in Candida species

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snowber Yousuf ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad ◽  
Amber Khan ◽  
Nikhat Manzoor ◽  
Luqman Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolites ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

This study was carried out to show the effect of diallyldisulphide (DADS), an important organosulphur compound found in garlic ( Allium sativum ), on antioxidant systems in Candida species. Changes in antioxidant metabolites and antioxidant activity in the presence of DADS were found in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis . Candida cells were treated with sublethal concentrations of DADS. DADS caused a decrease in the activity of all antioxidant enzymes except catalase, resulting in oxidative stress and damaged cells. The amount of oxidative stress generated by DADS was found to be a function of its concentration. A significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities but an increase in catalase activity were observed. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of glutathione were observed in treated cells. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased significantly following DADS treatment and could be correlated with a decrease in glutathione concentration in both Candida species. These results indicate that diallyl disulphide acts as a pro-oxidant to Candida species and hence may act as a potent antifungal in the management of candidiasis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Benzethonium Chloride in Cyprinus carpio Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8485
Author(s):  
Stefania Gheorghe ◽  
Daniel N. Mitroi ◽  
Miruna S. Stan ◽  
Cristina A. Staicu ◽  
Marius Cicirma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Lethal Toxicity ◽  
Benzethonium Chloride ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Benzenthonium chloride (BEC, Hyamine 1622) is a quaternary ammonium surfactant with cationic properties widely used in cleaning, sanitation, and medical products that can become harmful to humans and also to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate its acute effects on Cyprinus carpio fish in terms of oxidative stress and morphological changes on hepatic tissue in order to show the sub-lethal toxicity of BEC. Fish were exposed to 1 mg/L BEC for 24, 48, and 96 h, and the liver samples were collected. The most significant changes were noticed after 96 h of exposure when the entire antioxidant enzyme system was affected. The activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase decreased by 44%, 31%, 30%, and 45%, respectively, compared to control. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased by 29% after 96 h of control, inducing a reduction of NADPH formation which decreased by half the level of reduced glutathione, the main non-enzymatic antioxidant. These effects correlated with the raised value of lipid peroxidation after 96 h and the morphology changes on hepatic tissue, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear hypertrophy that could affect the normal function of the liver. All of these results showed acute toxicity of BEC on C. carpio after 96 h of exposure, causing oxidative stress response at the hepatic level.

scholarly journals Naringenin Regulates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Dysfunction: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Farooq Wali ◽  
Summya Rashid ◽  
Shahzada Mudasir Rashid ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari ◽  
Mohammad Rashid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Prophylactic Dose ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Biochemical Estimation ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Doxorubicin (Dox) is an operational and largely used anticancer drug, used to treat an array of malignancies. Nonetheless, its beneficial use is constrained due to its renal and hepatotoxicity dose dependently. Numerous research findings favor the use of antioxidants may impact Dox-induced liver injury/damage. In the current study, Wistar rats were given naringenin (50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt.) orally for 20 days as prophylactic dose, against the hepatotoxicity induced by single intraperitoneal injection of Dox (20 mg/kg b.wt.). Potency of naringenin against the liver damage caused by Dox was assessed by measuring malonyl aldehyde (MDA) as a by-product of lipid peroxidation, biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and inflammatory mediators. Naringenin-attenuated ROS production, ROS-induced lipid peroxidation, and replenished reduced antioxidant armory, namely, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH). Naringenin similarly diminished expression of Cox-2 and levels of NF-κB and other inflammatory molecules induced by the Dox treatment. Histology added further evidence to the defensive effects of naringenin on Dox-induced liver damage. The outcomes of the current study reveal that oxidative stress and inflammation are meticulously linked with Dox-triggered damage, and naringenin illustrates the potential effect on Dox-induced hepatotoxicity probably through diminishing the oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Oxidoreductase in rats intoxicated with cadmium

2002 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Lucia Olariu ◽  
Alfa Lupea ◽  
Iuliana Chisu ◽  
Camelia Tulcan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

There are a lot of literature data concerning the toxicity of cadmium on liver and kidney. The present work is concerning with the investigation of the effect of two plant extracts: Alloe and Allium sativum and an alcoholic Propolis extract on the behavior of the antioxidant systems. There were studied especially the activity of three enzymes: catalase, methaemoglobine reductase and superoxid dismutase consecutive an installed oxidative stress after cadmium administration in single doze. The changes which appear in the protection enzyme's activity are different in the red blood cells and in liver. The natural extracts had a different influence on the enzymes activity. The alcoholic propolis extract was more efficient on catalase and superoxid dismutase activities in comparison with the Allium sativum extract. The last one had an important role in the activity of superoxid dismutase.

scholarly journals Impact of Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel (Rutaceae) extracts on lifespan and oxidative stress markers in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Sunita Sunita ◽  
Veer Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

The free radicals (ROS and RNS) damage to proteins, DNA, lipids of the cell. These free radicals creates the imbalance in physiological functions and acts as a prevalent cause of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, aging, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome by dysfunction of antioxidant enzyme system of cell. Using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera) as a model we examined the antioxidant properties of Murraya koenigii (L.) Sprengel (Rutaceae) on the life history parameters. We demonstrate a novel physiological interaction between free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme system by using extracts of M. koenigii in standard diet of the fly. This study describes how this interaction impacts a very early cellular defect associated with ageing and ageing associate diseases. We also describe progressive deficits in flies expressing the superoxide dismutase gene, catalase and lipid peroxidation. Collectively, our work demonstrates that Drosophila can be used to study the cellular, physiological and behavioral basis of human ageing related diseases.

Toxicity of glyoxals – role of oxidative stress, metabolic detoxification and thiamine deficiency

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1390-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shangari ◽  
W.R. Bruce ◽  
R. Poon ◽  
P.J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification ◽  
Oxidation By Hydrogen Peroxide

Glyoxals are reactive α-oxoaldehydes that are formed endogenously from sugars, the levels of which are increased in various pathological conditions associated with hyperglycaemia and thiamine deficiency. However, the molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of glyoxal are not known. Results presented here and in the other studies cited provide a glimpse into the cytotoxicity mechanisms involved and their pathological implications. We found that glyoxal (10 μM) markedly increased the susceptibility of hepatocyte glutathione (GSH) to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and markedly increased cytotoxicity by compromising the cellular antioxidant enzyme system. At higher concentrations, glyoxal was cytotoxic towards hepatocytes, which can be attributed to GSH depletion, oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity. Aminoguanidine or penicillamine protected the hepatocytes. Glyoxal cytotoxicity was prevented by increasing glyoxal metabolism with thiamine or NAD(P)H generators, and was increased in GSH- or thiamine-deficient hepatocytes. It was also found that feeding rats reduced thiamine levels in a diet high in simple sugars increased the number of aberrant crypt foci/colon in the absence of clinical evidence of beriberi. This was associated with decreased plasma thiamine and low erythrocyte transketolase activity. Western diets, which are frequently poor in thiamine and high in sugars, could result in increased levels of endogenous glyoxals, which in turn may lead to a predisposition to AGE (advanced glycation end-product)-related pathologies and neoplastic conditions.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Enzymes of Honeybee Larvae Exposed to Oxamyl

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
M. Prezenská ◽  
A. Sobeková ◽  
L. Sabová
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
The World

Abstract Oxamyl is a carbamate insecticide used to control a broad spectrum of insects. It can also affect non-targeted organisms when applied incorrectly. The world food production depends partially on honeybee pollination abilities and therefore it is directly linked to the health of bees. The success of the colony development depends, among other factors, on the health of the larvae. The first 6 days are crucial for their development. In this stage, the worker larvae grow exponentially and may be exposed to xenobiotics via their diet. In this study, we investigated the effect of oxamyl on honeybee larvae (Apis mellifera) by monitoring the changes in their antioxidant enzyme system. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were determined in the homogenates of in vitro reared honeybee larvae after their single dietary exposure to oxamyl at doses of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µg a.i./larva (a. i.—active ingredient). The doses of oxamyl did not cause statistically significant changes in the activities of the enzymes. Even a slight activation of these enzymes protected the larvae from the adverse effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Marked changes in both the enzyme activity and the content of lipid peroxidation products were observed at the oxamyl dose of 10 µg a. i./larva. This fact may indicate a potential oxidative damage to the larvae. These results allowed us to assume that the toxic effects of oxamyl involves not only the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase but is also associated with ROS production.

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