The measurement of aerosolized endotoxin from land application of Class B biosolids in Southeast Arizona

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Brooks ◽  
B D Tanner ◽  
C P Gerba ◽  
I L Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Wind Vector ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Class B ◽  
Biosolids Application

The purpose of this study was to determine aerosolized endotoxin concentrations downwind of a biosolids land application site. Aerosol samples were collected from biosolids land application sites, tractor operation, and an aeration basin located within an open-air wastewater treatment plant. Aerosolized endotoxin above background concentrations was detected from all sites, at levels ranging from below detection up to 1800 EU m–3 of air. Biosolids loading operations resulted in the greatest concentrations of endotoxin (mean 344 EU m–3). As downwind (perpendicular to wind vector) distance increased from sources (2–200 m), levels of endotoxin decreased to near background (without biosolids application) concentrations. Overall, the detected levels of aerosolized endotoxin were within past proposed aerosolized endotoxin limits (250–2000 EU m–3) by other occupational exposure studies. Occasionally, peak concentrations were found to be above these limits. Sites in which soil was being aerosolized resulted in greater concentrations of endotoxin with or without biosolids, which suggested that the majority of endotoxin may in fact be of soil origin. This study evaluated the presence of aerosolized endotoxin from the land application of biosolids and showed that these levels were within ranges for concern suggested by other studies and that this area of research needs further investigation. Key words: biosolids, endotoxin, aerosol, bioaerosol, lipopolysaccharide.

Occurrence of PPCPs at a Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Soil and Groundwater at a Land Application Site

2010 ◽  
Vol 216 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adcharee Karnjanapiboonwong ◽  
Jamie G. Suski ◽  
Ankit A. Shah ◽  
Qingsong Cai ◽  
Audra N. Morse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Application Site

Long-term land application of biosolids–a case study

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Surampalli ◽  
K. C. K. Lai ◽  
S. K. Banerji ◽  
J. Smith ◽  
R. D. Tyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Biosolids Application ◽  
Amended Soil

Impact of long-term land application of biosolids on groundwater and soil quality of an application site, which had been operated for 8–15 years, was evaluated in this study. During and after the biosolids application, biosolids-amended soil, groundwater, and background soil samples were collected mainly for pathogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal analyses. Soil test data showed that there was no heavy metal accumulation in the biosolids-amended soil even after 10 years of biosolids application. Similar results were also observed from the groundwater samples in which the heavy metal concentrations in all groundwater samples were well below the maximum contamination levels of the drinking water standards. In addition, bacteriological levels of the soil and groundwater samples were close to the background level and below the permissible limits, respectively, thereby showing no pathogen contamination. However, nitrate-nitrogen contamination of the groundwater was occasionally observed probably due to an excess loading of the biosolids in the past. This problem can be alleviated by applying biosolids at agronomic rates so that no excess nitrogen is available for leaching down to the groundwater.

Characterisation and conditioning of Fenton sludges issued from wastewater treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Ramírez Zamora ◽  
M.T. Orta de Velásquez ◽  
A. Durán Moreno ◽  
J. Malpica de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Class B ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Alum Sludge

Characterisation tests were conducted to determine the feasibility of land application of the sludges produced in wastewater treatment by means of Fenton's Reagent. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of Fenton sludges were compared to the values obtained for raw alum sludges. The Fenton sludges presented preferable characteristics such as the specific resistance to filtration (SRF), metals and pathogen content (fecal and total coliforms, helminth ova, and Salmonella sp.). The SRF of the Fenton sludges (1.55 × 1013 m/kg) was 24% less than the alum sludge value (1.92 × 1013 m/kg). The concentrations of fecal coliforms (0 MPN/g TS), Salmonella sp. (0 MPN/g TS), Helminth ova (22 HH/g TS) and metals correspond to the limits for biosolids of Class B for land application of the Mexican legislation. The Fenton reagent efficiently removes most of the pathogens, considered by the norms, by means of the combined action of the different stages that constitute this process. These results exhibit the Fenton reagent as a feasible treatment for generating sludges with characteristics of biosolids of Class B for land application. The preliminary results of conditioning tests show that Fenton sludges present better dewatering characteristics with regard to the alum sludge, for a dose of cationic polymer of 1 mg/g TS.

Effectiveness of selected wastewater treatment plants in Yemen for reduction of faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in secondary effluents and sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel A. S. Al-Gheethi ◽  
M. O. Abdul-Monem ◽  
A. H. S. AL-Zubeiry ◽  
A. N. Efaq ◽  
A. M. Shamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Class A ◽  
Secondary Effluents ◽  
Class B ◽  
Faecal Indicators

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Yemen for reduction of faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in the secondary effluents and sludge. Hundred sixty bacterial isolates were obtained from 27 secondary effluents and sludge samples generated from Ibb wastewater treatment plant (IWWTP), Taiz wastewater treatment plant (TWWTP), Aden wastewater treatment plant (AWWTP1 and 2) and Sana'a wastewater treatment plant (SWWTP) in Republic of Yemen. Isolation of the bacteria was carried out by the direct plate method on the several selective media. The concentrations of faecal coliforms (FCs) were more than that recommended by World Health Organisation guidelines in all secondary effluents samples expect for those collected from TWWTP. FCs in the sludge from IWWTP and SWWTP were more than the standards limits recommended by United State Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) Class B, while sludge from AWWTP and TWWTP meet U. S. EPA standards limits Class A and class B, respectively. Among 160 bacterial isolates, E. coli was the most common (detected in 88.88% of the samples), followed by Streptococcus faecalis (70.37%), Klebsiella pneumonia (66.67%), Enterobacter aerogenes (59.23%), Salmonella typhi (33.33%), S. typhimurium and Shigella sonni (25.93% for each) and Yersinia pestis (22.22%). The sludge samples collected from IWWTP and TWWTP and stored for 24 weeks at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) met the standards limits recommended by U.S. EPA, Class A.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sewage Sludge from Cluj-Napoca Wastewater Treatment Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-389
Author(s):  
Livia ALHAFEZ ◽  
Nicoleta MUNTEAN ◽  
Edward MUNTEAN ◽  
Dumitru RISTOIU
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds widely distributed in the  environment.  In  the  present  work, concentrations  of  these  organic  compounds  in  sludge samples  from  Cluj-Napoca  wastewater  treatment  plant  are  reported.  The  objective  was  to investigate PAHs in sludge from wastewater treatment plant and to assess their potential for land application. Primary sludge, fermented sludge, fermented concentrated sludge, anaerobic-digested dehydrated  sludge  and  rejection  water  samples  were  collected  monthly  from  December  2012. Ultrasonic assisted extraction with hexane was used, being followed by filtration and concentration to  dryness  in  a  rotary  evaporator;  the  obtained  residue  was  redisolved  in  acetonitrile.  High performance  liquid  chromatographic  analysis  was  achieved  using  an  Agilent  1100  system consisting in a solvent degasser, a quaternary pumping system, an autosampler, a column oven, a diode-array  detector  and  a  fluorescence  detector.  Separations  were  accomplished  using  an Envirosep  PP  column  with  acetonitrile:water  as  mobile  phase  (45:55  v/v).  Detection  limit  was 0.001 g/  kg,  with  good  linearities  for all  PAHs,  with  correlation  coefficients  higher  than  0.998. PAHs with four rings appeared to be the primary components in most of the tested sludge samples, the  highest  concentration  levels  being  in  anaerobic-digested  dehydrated  sludge  samples.  The obtained results can be helpful for the regional policy makers to make proper decisions on treating the  increasing  amount  of  sewage  sludge,  to  provide  practical  reference  for  establishing  threshold values  of  PAHs  for  land  application  of  sludge,  knowing  that  the  practice  of  recycling  sewage sludge onto agricultural lands poses an additional risk of soil contamination with PAHs.

scholarly journals MEJORAMIENTO DE LA CALIDAD MICROBIOLÓGICA DE BIOSÓLIDOS GENERADOS EN PLANTAS DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DOMÉSTICAS (MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF BIOSOLIDS FROM DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS)

Revista EIA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Patricia Torres ◽  
Carlos Madera ◽  
Jorge Silva
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Class B

Uno de los principales problemas de calidad que presentan los biosólidos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas –PTAR– es el contenido de microorganismos patógenos que los clasifica en muchos casos como Clase B con restricción para uso agrícola. Este estudio evaluó la estabilización alcalina de los biosólidos de la PTAR Cañaveralejo (Cali, Colombia) para mejorar su calidad microbiológica, empleando dos tipos de cal (hidratada y viva) en dosis entre 8 y 25 % y dos tipos de ceniza con dosis entre 8 y 40 % en unidades experimentales de 0,2 m2 con un tiempo de contacto de 13 días. Los resultados mostraron que con cal se logró reducción total de las variables de respuesta evaluadas (coliformes fecales, Salmonella sp y huevos de helmintos), mientras que el poder alcalinizante de las cenizas evaluadas fue insuficiente. El biosólido higienizado con cal presenta alto potencial de uso agrícola por su calidad microbiológica y por el contenido final de materia orgánica y nutrientes (N, P) que pueden beneficiar los suelos, pero es recomendable evaluar la optimización a escala piloto de la dosificación de cal y la aplicación del biosólido en diferentes tipos de suelos y cultivos para precisar los beneficios o medidas preventivas antes de la aplicación.Abstract: One of the main quality problems of biosolids from domestic wastewater treatment plants –WWTP– is the high concentration of pathogens, often classified as a class B, with restriction for use in agriculture. This study evaluated the alkali stabilization of biosolids from Cañaveralejo wastewater treatment plant (PTAR-C), located in Cali, Colombia, in order to improve their microbiological quality using two types of lime (quick and hydrated) with doses between 8 to 25 % and two types of ash with 8 to 40 % as doses, in experimental units 0,2 m2with 13 days of contact time. The results showed that both type of lime reached the total reduction of evaluated monitoring variables (faecal coliforms, Salmonella sp, helmints eggs) while the alkali power of ashes were lower. The obtained biosolids treated with lime have a high potential use in agriculture purposes for the good microbiological quality, and for the organic matter and nutrient content (N, P) that can generate benefit to the soil, but it is recommendable to evaluate at pilot scale the lime doses and application of biosolid in different soils types and crops in order to precise the benefits or prevent measurements before application of material in soil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Land Potential for Use of Biosolids in the Coastal Mediterranean Karst Region

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Vito Horvatić ◽  
Helena Bakić Begić ◽  
Davor Romić ◽  
Marko Černe ◽  
Smiljana Goreta Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Biosolids Application

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of agricultural land in the coastal Adriatic Karst region (Šibenik region, Croatia) for biosolids application by integrating spatial data from different sources: digital maps and remote sensing, parcel identification system, GIS field observations and measurements focusing on specific land and soil properties. Due to the rapid development of the wastewater treatment industry, excessive accumulation of sewage sludge (SS) in wastewater treatment plants is a growing problem worldwide. Management options for land application of biosolids require a comprehensive characterization of both SS and SS-amended soils. The assessment of agricultural land in the study area for SS disposal was based on EU and national legislation. The evaluation revealed that agricultural land in the study area accounts for only 10% of the total area (25,736 ha), but only a quarter of the existing land (6065 ha) is suitable for biosolids application. Furthermore, the data indicate that the sewage sludge can be safely applied to the soil in terms of soil metals according to the Croatian legislation. The short-term potential of the soil to sustain this ecosystem service, namely soil improvement with biosolids, should be used to determine the inherent long-term potential based on resistance to soil degradation and resilience. However, caution is needed and the long-term effects should be investigated before biosolids are continuously used for soil application.

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