Verticillium disease or "dry bubble" of cultivated mushrooms: the Agaricus bisporus lectin recognizes and binds the Verticillium fungicola cell wall glucogalactomannan

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Bernardo ◽  
Amelia Pérez Cabo ◽  
Monique Novaes-Ledieu ◽  
Concepción García Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Verticillium Fungicola ◽  
Dry Bubble ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
Cultivated Mushrooms

The step of recognition and (or) binding for the development of the disease of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus by the mycoparasite Verticillium fungicola was studied by several approaches: agglutination of V. fungicola germinated spores by an A. bisporus extract from fruit body cell walls, immunofluorescence microscopy of A. bisporus hyphae from fruit bodies and vegetative mycelia pretreated with purified V. fungicola cell wall glucogalactomannan, and finally, by hemagglutination experiments carried out with an A. bisporus fruit body lectin in the presence and absence of the same glucogalactomannan. Hemagglutinating activity of the purified A. bisporus fruit body lectin was clearly inhibited by the V. fungicola glucogalactomannan, whereas in the A. bisporus vegetative mycelium such lectin was not encountered. All the results obtained make evident the recognition and binding of the A. bisporus fruit body lectin to the V. fungicola cell wall glucogalactomannan, clarifying why the mushrooms, but not the vegetative mycelium, become diseased.Key words: Agaricus bisporus lectin, Verticillium fungicola glucogalactomannan, mycoparasitism.

scholarly journals Enzymic activity of the mycoparasite Verticillium fungicola on Agaricus bisporus fruit body cell walls

Microbiology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 2999-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calonje ◽  
C. Garcia Mendoza ◽  
B. Galan ◽  
M. Novaes-Ledieu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Body Cell ◽  
Verticillium Fungicola

scholarly journals Resistance of Pre- and Post-epidemic Strains of Agaricus bisporus to Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1457-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
M. D. Ospina-Giraldo ◽  
V. Wilkinson ◽  
D. J. Royse ◽  
C. P. Romaine
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Protection Assay ◽  
Complementary Methods ◽  
Green Mold ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
Cultivated Mushrooms ◽  
Grain Protection

Since the early 1990s, the epidemic of green mold on the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus in North America has been caused by Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum. The findings of earlier research suggested that the microevolutionary emergence of T. aggressivum f. aggressivum coincided with the onset of the epidemic. This hypothesis was tested further by determining the disease susceptibility of mushroom strains grown widely before the epidemic manifested. The results of complementary methods of analysis, which entailed a grain protection assay and cropping trials, established that two pre-epidemic strains were more susceptible to green mold than three post-epidemic strains being cultivated at the time of the epidemic. Thus, if T. aggressivum f. aggressivum had been present within cultivated mushrooms prior to the epidemic, it should have been detected. It still appears to be true that T. aggressivum f. aggressivum emerged during the 1990s in a manner that remains unclear.

Chemical components and their locations in the Verticillium fungicola cell wall

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Calonje ◽  
M Novaes-Ledieu ◽  
D Bernardo ◽  
O Ahrazem ◽  
C García Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Carbohydrate Polymers ◽  
Verticillium Fungicola ◽  
Intermediate Layers

The chemical structure of cell walls and fractions of Verticillium fungicola, a pathogen of Agaricus bisporus, as well as their corresponding ultrastructures were studied. There are at least three chemically distinct types of carbohydrate polymers: one yielding mannose with lower amounts of galactose and glucose (glucogalactomannan), another one composed mainly of glucose (glucan), and a third one containing only N-acetylglucosamine (chitin). Attempts were made to locate these materials in situ by comparing electron micrographs of shadowed and sectioned cell walls, and also by indirect immunofluorescence. It was shown that none of these polymers constituted a completely physically distinct layer, but there seem to be different solubility properties in the outer, inner, and intermediate layers. It was also shown that fibrillar material (chitin) embedded in cementing glucan constituted the residual inner fraction of the original wall material. Indirect immunofluorescence showed the location of a significant amount of glucogalactomannan on the surface of the walls in which rodlet structures were visualized by electron microscopy.Key words: cell walls, polysaccharides, Verticillium fungicola.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Differentially Expressed Genes in the Mycelium and Fruit Body of Tuber borchii

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 4574-4582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Lacourt ◽  
Sébastien Duplessis ◽  
Simona Abbà ◽  
Paola Bonfante ◽  
Francis Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Tuber Borchii ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

ABSTRACT The transition from vegetative mycelium to fruit body in truffles requires differentiation processes which lead to edible fruit bodies (ascomata) consisting of different cell and tissue types. The identification of genes differentially expressed during these developmental processes can contribute greatly to a better understanding of truffle morphogenesis. A cDNA library was constructed from vegetative mycelium RNAs of the white truffle Tuber borchii, and 214 cDNAs were sequenced. Up to 58% of the expressed sequence tags corresponded to known genes. The majority of the identified sequences represented housekeeping proteins, i.e., proteins involved in gene or protein expression, cell wall formation, primary and secondary metabolism, and signaling pathways. We screened 171 arrayed cDNAs by using cDNA probes constructed from mRNAs of vegetative mycelium and ascomata to identify fruit body-regulated genes. Comparisons of signals from vegetative mycelium and fruit bodies bearing 15 or 70% mature spores revealed significant differences in the expression levels for up to 33% of the investigated genes. The expression levels for six highly regulated genes were confirmed by RNA blot analyses. The expression of glutamine synthetase, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, isocitrate lyase, thioredoxin, glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase, and UDP-glucose:sterol glucosyl transferase was highly up-regulated, suggesting that amino acid biosynthesis, the glyoxylate cycle pathway, and cell wall synthesis are strikingly altered during morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some plant extracts in management of dry bubble (Verticillium fungicola) disease of white button mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach]

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209
Author(s):  
Shivam Singh ◽  
Abhilasha A. Lal ◽  
Anurag Singh ◽  
Rao Yaduman ◽  
Rakhi Murmu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
White Button Mushroom ◽  
Verticillium Fungicola ◽  
Dry Bubble

The study was undertaken to determine antifungal potentials of some plant extracts against dry bubble (Verticillium fungicola) disease of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Twelve botanicals namely, Allium cepa, A. sativum, Saraca asoca, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, Ocimum sanctum, Solanum lycopersicum (Lycopersicon esculentum), Tagetes erecta, Psidium guajava, Catharanthus roseus and Aparagus racemosus were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo for their efficacy against both A. bisporus and V. fungicola, causing dry bubble disease of mushroom. The efficacy of botanicals was examined by poison food technique in in-vitro. The percent inhibition produced by botanicals against V. Fungicola recorded in-vitro was; A. cepa (25.87%), A. sativum (24.70%), S. asoca (12.35%), A. vera (22.35%), A. indica (35.11%), L. camara (28.48%), O. sanctum (20.59%), S. lycopersicum (20.34%), T. erecta (14.11%), P. guajava (15.11%), C. roseus (18.11%) and A. racemosus (13.52%). Among these plant extracts, A. indica was found best treatment followed by L. Camara and A. Cepa. Plant extracts showing maximum efficacy against V. fungicola and minimum inhibition against mushroom were further evaluated against V. fungicola infection in mushroom crop room (in-vivo test). In in-vivo test, the polybags which receive A. indica show maximum mean increase in yield (43.46%) over control and exhibited minimum mean disease incidence (27.7%).

Genetic and physiological variation in isolates of Verticillium fungicola causing dry bubble disease of the cultivated button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

2002 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Juarez Del Carmen ◽  
Michele L. Largeteau-Mamoun ◽  
Thierry Rousseau ◽  
Catherine Regnault-Roger ◽  
Jean-Michel Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Physiological Variation ◽  
Verticillium Fungicola ◽  
Dry Bubble ◽  
Dry Bubble Disease

Biological control of green mould and dry bubble diseases of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) by Bacillus spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 104944
Author(s):  
Olja Stanojević ◽  
Tanja Berić ◽  
Ivana Potočnik ◽  
Emil Rekanović ◽  
Slaviša Stanković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Dry Bubble ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
Green Mould
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