Phenotypic characteristics and population genetics ofEnterococcus faecaliscultured from patients in Tehran during 2000–2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi ◽  
Atusa Aliahmadi ◽  
Fatemeh Mobasheri ◽  
Ahmad Asgharzadeh ◽  
Soroor Asadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Conventional bacteriology techniques were used to identify enterococci isolates cultured from patients at different hospitals in Tehran during 2000–2001. The identification was confirmed using species-specific PCR targeting the D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase gene. A total of 59 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were identified. The rates of resistance to different antibiotics were in the following order: penicillin 84%, ciprofloxacin 42%, high-level gentamicin 30%, nitrofurantoin 14%, imipenem 4%, and chloramphenicol 2%. Resistance to ampicillin was found to be rare among the Iranian isolates of E. faecalis. Multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis was then used to analyze the strains. Forty-five electrophoretic types were obtained when 10 enzyme loci were screened. Although the collection of bacterial isolates was limited in time and location, considerable heterogeneity was found. Analysis of strains for linkage disequilibrium demonstrated that the studied population is not clonal, since the index of association was not significantly different from zero (Ia= 0.0296). Enterococcus faecalis isolates recovered from patients in Tehran were genetically diverse and seemed to possess a high potential for genetic recombinations, though none were resistant to vancomycin.Key words: Enterococcus faecalis, population genetics, MEE analysis, nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals The Role of Birds of the Family Corvidae in Transmitting Sarcocystis Protozoan Parasites

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Evelina Juozaitytė-Ngugu ◽  
Saulius Švažas ◽  
Donatas Šneideris ◽  
Eglė Rudaitytė-Lukošienė ◽  
Dalius Butkauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Members of the family Corvidae are ecologically flexible omnivorous birds, particularly adaptive to urban habitats, and living in proximity to humans; these birds may serve as definitive hosts (DH) for Sarcocystis spp., but research about this is lacking. In the present study, intestinal samples from 91 corvids collected in Lithuania were molecularly tested by species-specific PCR targeting the ITS1 and cox1 genes and subsequently sequenced for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. Under a light microscope, oocysts of Sarcocystis spp. were observed in 43 samples (47.3%), while molecular methods, detected Sarcocystis spp. in 77 birds (84.6%). Eleven Sarcocystis spp. (S. columbae, S. cornixi, potentially pathogenic S. halieti, S. kutkienae, S. lari, S. turdusi, S. wobeseri, S. arctica, S. lutrae, S. ovalis, and S. oviformis) were identified in the intestinal samples from six corvid species from Lithuania. Infections with multiple Sarcocystis spp. were detected in 79.2% of the infected corvid birds. Three of the identified Sarcocystis spp. use corvids as intermediate hosts (IH); therefore, corvids may serve as IH and DH of the same Sarcocystis species. Based on molecular results and on corvid diet, omnivorous corvids may play an important role in transmitting Sarcocystis spp.

scholarly journals The Role of Mustelids in the Transmission of Sarcocystis spp. Using Cattle as Intermediate Hosts

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Petras Prakas ◽  
Linas Balčiauskas ◽  
Evelina Juozaitytė-Ngugu ◽  
Dalius Butkauskas
Keyword(s):  
American Mink ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Pcr Targeting

There is a lack of research on the role of mustelids in the transmission of various Sarcocystis spp. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that widespread mustelids in Lithuania could be involved in the transmission of Sarcocystis spp. using cattle as intermediate hosts. In 2016–2020, intestinal samples of 84 mustelids were examined. Sarcocystis spp. were identified by species-specific PCR targeting the cox1 gene and subsequent sequencing. Under a light microscope, oocysts/sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. were observed in 40 samples (47.6%), while using molecular methods, they were detected in 75 animals (89.3%). Four Sarcocystis spp. were identified in the intestinal samples of American mink (Neovisonvison), Beech marten (Martes foina), European pine marten (Martes martes), European badger (Meles meles) and European polecat (Mustela putorius). The prevalence of predominant Sarcocystis spp., S. bovifelis (89.3%) and S. cruzi (73.8%) was significantly higher than that of S. hirsuta (3.6%) and S. hominis (1.2%). In an individual sample, most frequently two Sarcocystis spp. were identified (69.0%), then a single species (15.5%) and three species (4.8%). The present study provides strong evidence that mustelids serve as definitive hosts for Sarcocystis spp. using cattle as intermediate hosts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mixed Trypanosoma congolense infections in livestock and tsetse in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gillingwater ◽  
M.V. Mamabolo ◽  
P.O.A. Majiwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Commercial Farm ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Trypanosoma congolense causes the most economically important animal trypanosomosis in Africa. In South Africa, a rinderpest pandemic of the 1890s removed many host animals, resulting in the near-eradication of most tsetse species. Further suppression was achieved through spraying with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT); however, residual populations of Glossina austeni and G. brevipalpis remained in isolated pockets. A total of 506 of these tsetse flies were captured in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, the St Lucia Wetland Park and Boomerang commercial farm. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the infection rate and frequency of mixed infections of these flies. Additionally, 473 blood samples were collected from cattle at communal diptanks and a commercial farm in the area and each one examined by the haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT). Furthermore, buffy coats from these blood samples were spotted onto FTA Elute cards and the DNA extracted from each one tested using 3 separate PCRs. The HCT revealed the presence of trypanosomes in only 6.6 % of the blood samples; by contrast, species-specific PCR detected trypanosome DNA in 50 % of the samples. The species-specific PCR detected trypanosome DNA in 17 % of the tsetse flies, compared with the nested PCR targeting rDNA which detected trypanosome DNA in only 14 % of the samples. Over time, the transmission of Savannah-type T. congolense and Kilifi-type T. congolense as mixed infections could have an impact on disease manifestation in different hosts in the area.

Genetic characterization of high-level gentamicin-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecalis in Iran

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 869-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi ◽  
Sorour Asadi ◽  
Maryam Zohari ◽  
Sara Gharavi ◽  
Gelavizh Etemadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Plasmid Profiling ◽  
High Level

The prevalence of resistance to high levels of gentamicin among 182 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis from 2 Iranian hospitals was 42%. Gentamicin resistance was associated with conjugative plasmids (>70 kb) in most strains. Fingerprinting using EcoRI and HindIII showed genetic variation among these plasmids and gave evidence of nosocomial outbreaks and persistence of infection in different wards of the study hospitals, as well as transfer of plasmids between genetically diverse isolates. Using EcoRI, hospital-based specific plasmid fingerprints were detected for the isolates that had previously proved to be unrelated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, suggesting the persistence of related plasmids at each hospital, though minor changes in these related plasmids could be detected with HindIII.Key words: Enterococcus faecalis, HLGR, plasmid profiling, plasmid fingerprinting.

Hybridization between Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) in a restored section of the River Dälalven, Sweden

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2033-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Jansson ◽  
T Öst
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
River Section ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hybrid Frequency ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level

Enzyme electrophoresis revealed a significant increase of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) times brown trout (S. trutta) hybrids among ascending spawners in the River Dalälven. The hybrid frequency increased from 0.1% in 1989 to 3.1% in 1995. Electrophoresis also showed a high hybrid frequency (41.5%) among parr from a river section restored for natural reproduction in 1989. Restriction fragment analysis of a species-specific region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene showed unidirectional hybridization as all hybrids had brown trout mitochondrial DNA genotypes. The increased incidence of hybrids was evidently a result of natural spawning in the restored river section. Massive stockings of hatchery-reared fish and environmental constraint have forced Atlantic salmon and brown trout to common spawning grounds leading to a high level of hybridization. The unidirectional hybridization may be explained by the involvement of sexually mature Atlantic salmon parr acting as sneakers.

scholarly journals Determining the authenticity of turmeric

Food systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
N. L. Vostrikova ◽  
M. Yu. Minaev ◽  
K. G. Chikovani
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Content ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lead Chromate ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Color Spectrum ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The paper examines the problem of the composition instability in the ready ground spice, turmeric. Analysis of the prevalent methods for turmeric adulteration and substances used for these purposes is given. The visual assessment of color tints of the turmeric root, spices containing it and chemical dyes based on chromium salts is presented. The studies on determination of the lead and chromium content were carried out to study the content of these metals and test the hypothesis of using lead chromate as a dye in adulteration of turmeric. Using the method of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was found that the lead content in the analyzed turmeric samples varied from 1.72 ± 0.58 to 5.03 ± 1.80 mg/kg, while the chromium content was in a range of 5.56 ± 0.85 to 16.15 ± 2.32 mg/kg. As a result of species specific PCR, wheat DNA was revealed in all purchased samples of ground turmeric. The levels of the main raw material replacement were established, which were 0.14% to 14.95% with the correlation coefficient close to 100%; efficiency of the reaction was 1.95, which was 97.5% when expressed as percentage. These levels of an undeclared allergen in the product composition can cause a serious allergic reaction. The authors tested the hypothesis of introduction of sodium and potassium salts for correction of the color spectrum in the ready spice and its correspondence to the natural color within the color spectrum of turmeric. As a result of the complex study of the spice composition, quite high values of chromium were found, presumably not only from the lead chromate compound but also from chromic acid salts, as the high level of potassium that significantly exceeded the native content of this element was found.

Analysis of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella Strains from Swine, Chicken, and Their Carcasses in Taiwan and Detection of parC Resistance Mutations by a Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay PCR

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHENG-CHUNG LIN ◽  
TER-HSIN CHEN ◽  
YU-CHIH WANG ◽  
CHAO-CHIN CHANG ◽  
SHIH-LING HSUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assay

One hundred thirty-three Salmonella strains isolated from the viscera of swine, chicken, and carcasses of swine and chicken in Taiwan from 2004 to 2006 were identified to serotype level and analyzed for their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In total, 76 (57%) strains of the Salmonella isolates exhibited high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, having MICs ranging from 16 to 64 μg/ml. DNA sequence analysis revealed that mutations in the quinolone resistance–determining regions of gyrA (Ser83Phe, Asp87Gly or Asp87Asn), parC (Ser80Arg, or Ser80Ile or Glu84Lys), and parE (Ser458Pro) genes were associated with the Salmonella strains that demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin. A mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA)–PCR was developed to identify mutations in parC at codons 80 and 84. Specific PCR products were only recovered from ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains but not from the susceptible strains. MAMA-PCR targeting the mutations in parC correlated with what DNA sequencing revealed. In conclusion, monitoring ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella from animal sources should be performed on a regular basis. MAMA-PCR targeting parC could provide a fast method for those laboratories interested in quickly characterizing the resistance profile and with little access to DNA sequencing facilities.

scholarly journals Survey on Perkinsus Species in Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Korean Waters Using Species-Specific PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sil Kang ◽  
Hyun-Sung Yang ◽  
Kimberly S. Reece ◽  
Young-Ghan Cho ◽  
Hye-Mi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific
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