Electrochemically induced chain reactions: the addition of fluorene and indene to aromatic aldehydes initiated by electrochemical reduction

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gard ◽  
B. Hanquet ◽  
L. Roullier ◽  
Y. Mugnier ◽  
J. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Proton Donor ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Voltammetric Behavior

The electrochemical reduction at −30 °C of 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde (1a), benzaldehyde (1b), and terephthalaldehyde (2) in tetrahydrofuran with tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte, under an argon atmosphere and in the presence of fluorene or indene, gives carbinols resulting from the addition of fluorene or indene and requires only a catalytic amount of electricity. The chain reaction is initiated by proton abstraction from fluorene or indene by a base electrogenerated by reduction of the aldehyde and the propagation involves the addition of the carbanion to the aldehyde followed by regeneration of the nucleophile by proton transfer from the proton donor to the alkoxide anion (base-catalyzed addition). The voltammetric behavior of the aldehydes in the absence and in the presence of fluorene or indene is also presented. Key words: electrochemical reduction, aromatic aldehydes, addition of fluorene (indene), base catalysis, chain reaction.

Article

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1648-1654
Author(s):  
F Williot ◽  
M Bernard ◽  
D Lucas ◽  
Y Mugnier ◽  
J Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reactions

The electrochemical reduction of nitrosobenzene (PhNO) in the presence of cyclopentadiene derivatives containing the indenyl group represented as In'H2 (10a, 10b, and 12b) gives the imine derivatives PhN=In'. The process requires only a catalytic amount of electricity. When the electrolysis of aromatic aldehydes (ArCHO), 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde (1a), benzaldehyde (1b) and terephthalaldehyde (2), is performed in the presence of the In'H2 derivatives, compounds ArCH=In' are obtained in low yields. These compounds have been characterized by mass spectrometry and microanalysis. The overall process involves two consecutive chain reactions with regeneration of the anion In'H-.Key words: electrochemical reduction, nitrosobenzene, aromatic aldehydes, base catalysis, chain reaction.

Microwave assisted synthesis of novel Pyrazole derivatives and their biological evaluation as anti-bacterial agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadis Khodadad ◽  
Farhad Hatamjafari ◽  
Khalil Pourshamsian ◽  
Babak Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Pyrazole Derivatives ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Aim and Objective: Microwave-assisted condensation of acetophenone 1 and aromatic aldehydes 2 gave chalcone analogs 3, which were cyclized to pyrazole derivatives 6a-f via the reaction with hydrazine hydrate and oxalic acid in the presence of the catalytic amount of acetic acid in ethanol. Materials and Methods: The structural features of the synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point, FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Results: The antibacterial activities of the synthesized pyrazoles was evaluated against three gram-positive bacteria such as Enterococcus durans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and two gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Conclusion: All the synthesized pyrazoles showed relatively high antibacterial activity against S. aureus strain and none of them demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli.

Zinc Sulfamate Catalyzed Efficient Selective Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives under Ambient Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 740-749
Author(s):  
Sushil R. Mathapati ◽  
Arvind H. Jadhav ◽  
Mantosh B. Swami ◽  
Jairaj K. Dawle
Keyword(s):  
Benzimidazole Derivative ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Reaction Condition ◽  
Green Approach

Zinc sulfamate (Zn(NH2SO3)2 is a derivative of sulfamic acid (H3NSO3) which possesses “Lewis acidity” and finds well suited in a number of catalytic applications. The present paper describes an efficient, eco-friendly, and clean synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives by reacting diverse o-phenylenediamine with various substituted aromatic aldehydes using a catalytic amount of zinc sulfamate in ethanol at ambient temperature. As a result, 10 mol.% of Zinc sulfamate catalyst showed 92% of respective product yield with 100% conversion using short reaction period in ethanol. Meanwhile, effect of reaction parameters, such as amount of catalyst, different solvents, and reaction temperature on reaction product, was also studied. In addition, in the optimized reaction condition various substituted biological important benzimidazoles derivatives were prepared by using optimized reaction condition in good to efficient yield. In addition, possible reaction mechanism in the presence of zinc sulfamate for the preparation of benzimidazole derivative was sketched and discussed. The present green approach showed significances with faster reaction rate with inexpensive catalyst, which showed excellent and clean yield of benzimidazole in mild reaction condition with easy work-up procedure.

Association of radical anion with alkali cations. IV. ESR study of the 4-nitrobenzophenone radical anion

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Miertuš ◽  
Ondrej Kyseľ
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Splitting ◽  
Radical Anion ◽  
Esr Spectroscopy ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
Proton Donor ◽  
Alkali Cations

The 4-nitrobenzophenone radical anion prepared by electrolysis was studied by ESR spectroscopy. On the basis of the interpretation of ESR spectra, the conformation of this system was estimated. The effect of the concentration of supporting electrolyte and of the presence of a proton-donor agent (C2H5OH) was examined. It is assumed that changes in hyperfine splitting constants are caused by association.

Investigation of Mutations in Exon 12 Of MYH7, 16 Of β-MYBPC3 and 2 Of TCAP Gene in Dogs with Dilated Cardiomyopathy using PCR-SSCP Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Vishnurahav ◽  
S. Ajithkumar ◽  
Usha Narayana Pillai ◽  
N. Madhvan Unny ◽  
K.D. John Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Cardiac Disorders ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy is the important myocardial disease and one of the most common cause of death in the medium to large size dog breeds worldwide. The disease is characterized by dilatation of cardiac chambers and thinning of walls leads to systolic failure. Mutations in some sarcomere genes leads to cardiomyopathy in humans. Sarcomere is an important multifunctional protein network involved in the signal reception and transduction. Mutations in β-MYH7, MYBPC3 and TCAP genes produce alterations in the morphology of heart (hypertrophy or dilatation).Methods: In this study twenty apparently healthy and twenty five dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were selected from patients reported or referred to University Veterinary Hospital and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy (2015-2017) based on the clinical examination, radiographic, electrocardiographic, haematobiochemical and echocardiographic studies cardiac disorders (Dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) were confirmed.Result: In the present study we investigated genetic alterations of exon 12 of MYH7, 16 of β-MYBPC3 and 2 of TCAP gene in dogs by polymerase chain reaction -single stranded confirmation of polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Polymerase chain reactions were analysed using acrylamide gel and samples with different pattern of bands were sequenced. Polymerase chain reaction-SSCP showed different migration of band pattern in the intron 1 of TCAP gene in one sample.

Electrochemically induced chain reactions. Reactions of aromatic aldehydes induced by electrogenerated bases

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Bernard ◽  
Dominique Lucas ◽  
Bernard Hanquet ◽  
Yves Mugnier ◽  
Jean Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Chain Reactions

Fasteners: Acid Catalysis

Reactions ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Proton Donor ◽  
Electron Cloud ◽  
Base Catalysis ◽  
Acid Molecule ◽  
General Basis ◽  
Missile Attack ◽  
Powerful Electron

I explained the general basis of catalysis in Reaction 11, where I showed that it accelerated a reaction by opening a new, faster route from reactants to products. One of the ways to achieve catalysis in organic chemistry is to carry out a reaction in an acidic or basic (alkaline) environment, and that is what I explore here. In Reaction 27 you will see the enormous importance of processes like this, not just for keeping organic chemists productive but also for keeping us all alive; I give a first glimpse of that later in this section too. Various kinds of acid and base catalysis, sometimes both simultaneously, are going on throughout the cells of our body and ensuring that all the processes of life are maintained; in fact they are the very processes of life. I deal with acid catalysis in this section and base catalysis in the next. The point to remember throughout this section is that an acid is a proton donor (Reaction 2) and a proton is an aggressive, nutty little centre of positive charge. If a proton gets itself attached to a molecule, it can draw electrons towards itself and so expose the nuclei that they formerly surrounded. That is, a proton can cause the appearance of positive charge elsewhere in the molecule where the nuclei shine through the depleted fog of electrons. Because positive charge is attracted to negative charge, one outcome is that a molecule may be converted into a powerful electron-sniffing electrophile (Reaction 16). Another way of looking at the outcome of adding a proton is to note that a C atom with a positive charge is a target for nucleophilic missile attack (Reaction 15). Therefore, if a proton draws the electron cloud away from a nearby atom, then its presence is like a fifth-column agent preparing a target for later attack. Let’s shrink and watch as some acid is added to a molecule that contains a –CO– group, such as acetic acid. The protons provided by the added acid are riding on water molecules, as H3O+ ions, and arrive in the vicinity of the acetic acid molecule.

TiO2 Nanoparticles as an Efficient Catalyst for the One-pot Preparation of Tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridines in Aqueous Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Abdolmohammadi ◽  
Mahdieh Mohammadnejad ◽  
Faezeh Shafaei
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
The One ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Operational Simplicity

A series of tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridinone derivatives have been prepared by a one-pot fourcomponent reaction of 1-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, and ammonium acetate in aqueous media using a catalytic amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). The advantages of this novel protocol include the excellent yields, operational simplicity, short reaction time, easy work-up, reusability of the catalyst and an environmentally friendly procedure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document