Strong cooperative protonation of a small tris-urea cryptand

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2914-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre G. Potvin ◽  
Man Hung Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Fast Proton ◽  
Molecular Mechanics Calculations ◽  
Complexation Studies ◽  
Coupling Procedure ◽  
Exchange Kinetics

A small bicyclic cryptand 3 bearing urea groups along the 7-atom bridges was synthesized in 22% yield by a novel tripod-tripod coupling procedure. Protonation and complexation studies are reported and compared with results with polyoxa-[2]-cryptands and [3]-cryptand 6. These show that 3 is a moderate base, a weak metal ion binder, but a two-proton binder exhibiting strong positive cooperativity (pKa2 > pKa1) and fast proton exchange kinetics. As demonstrated by molecular mechanics calculations, an inward rotation of the carbonyl groups to form hydrogen bonds to cryptated protons was invoked to explain the cooperativity.

Molecular Mechanics Calculations and the Metal Ion Selective Extraction of Lanthanoids

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. 3310-3315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Comba ◽  
Karsten Gloe ◽  
Katsutoshi Inoue ◽  
Torsten Krüger ◽  
Holger Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Molecular Mechanics Calculations

Studies on the Nature and Strength of Pt . . .H(-N) Interactions. The Crystal Structures of Chloro[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine]platinum(II) Chloride and Dichloro[4,7-diaza-1-azoniacyclononane]platinum(II) Tetrachlor

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray S. Davies ◽  
Ronald R. Fenton ◽  
Fazlul Huq ◽  
Edwina C. H. Ling ◽  
Trevor W. Hambley
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protonated Amine ◽  
Protonated Amines ◽  
Close Contacts

Two complexes, namely, chloro[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine]platinum(II) chloride {[PtCl(tren+H)]Cl2} and dichloro[4,7-diaza-1-azoniacyclononane]platinum(II) tetrachloroplatinate(II)–water (1/2) {[PtCl2(tacn+H)]2[PtCl4]·2H2O}, have been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry as part of a study of the nature and strength of Pt···H(–N) interactions. Crystals of [PtCl(tren+H)]Cl2 are monoclinic, space group P21/c, a 8.293(2), b 14.396(6), c 11.305(3) Å, β 107.34(2)º, Z 4, and the structure has been refined to a residual of 0.042 based on 1631 reflections. Crystals of [PtCl2(tacn+H)]2[PtCl4]·2H2O are monoclinic, space group P21/a, a 12.834(4), b 8.206(4), c 13.116(8) Å, β 93.01(4)˚, Z 2, and the structure has been refined to a residual of 0.035 based on 1974 reflections. In [PtCl(tren+H)]2+, the protonated amine forms hydrogen bonds with chloride anions and no close contacts with the metal ion. In [PtCl2(tacn+H)]+, a short intramolecular contact is observed between the metal and the protonated amine and the results of molecular mechanics modelling are consistent with there being a Pt···H hydrogen bond. Molecular mechanics modelling of [PtCl(tren+H)]2+ and [PtCl2(dien+H)]+ shows that the protonated amines could readily form close contacts with the metal. It is concluded that there is evidence for the formation of Pt···H(–N) hydrogen bonds but these bonds are very weak, being similar or lower in energy than Cl···H(–NPt) hydrogen bonds.

Metal ion complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane and their aminoalkyl derivatives. Analysis of chelate rings fusion and molecular mechanics study

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1404-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Pletnev
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chelate Ring ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Molecular Mechanics Calculations ◽  
Metal Ion Complexes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coordination Bonds ◽  
Chelate Rings

Stereochemistry of metal ion complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, their N,N′,N′′-tris(aminoethyl), tris(aminopropyl), and their N,N′-(4,7-diazadecylene) derivatives is described in terms of the fusion of chelate rings at metal–nitrogen coordination bonds. Molecular mechanics calculations and analysis of the X-ray data confirm that the semi-quantitative analysis is valid and that fusion plays a critical role in the structure of the complexes. Molecular mechanics study of puckering of the ethylenediamine chelate ring, an essential part in this study, is also presented.

The conformational properties of calix[4]arenes 1h NMR and molecular mechanics calculations

1989 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 945-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bayard ◽  
D. Decoret ◽  
D. Pattou ◽  
J. Royer ◽  
A. Satrallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Molecular Mechanics Calculations ◽  
Conformational Properties

Crystal structure of pomalidomide Form I, C13H11N3O4

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
James A. Kaduk ◽  
Amy M. Gindhart ◽  
Thomas N. Blanton
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Powder Diffraction File ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Amine Hydrogen

The crystal structure of pomalidomide Form I has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Pomalidomide Form I crystallizes in the space group P-1 (#2) with a = 7.04742(9), b = 7.89103(27), c = 11.3106(6) Å, α = 73.2499(13), β = 80.9198(9), γ = 88.5969(6)°, V = 594.618(8) Å3, and Z = 2. The crystal structure is characterized by the parallel stacking of planes parallel to the bc-plane. Hydrogen bonds link the molecules into double layers also parallel to the bc-plane. Each of the amine hydrogen atoms acts as a donor to a carbonyl group in an N–H⋯O hydrogen bond, but only two of the four carbonyl groups act as acceptors in such hydrogen bonds. Other carbonyl groups participate in C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

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