Double salts of indium trichloride with the alkali chlorides, with ammonium chloride, and with indium sulfate

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (15) ◽  
pp. 2792-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor M. Kartzmark
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Double Salts ◽  
Alkali Chlorides

From a determination of the phase diagrams, at 25 °C, the following double salts were shown to exist: 3LiCl•InCl3•8H2O in the system LiCl–InCl3–H2O, 2KCl•InCl3•H2O and 3KCl•InCl3•2H2O in the system KCl–InCl3–H2O, 2RbCI•InCl3•H2O in the system RbCl–InCl3–H2O, 2CsCl•InCl3•H2O in the system CsCl–InCl3–H2O, 2NH4Cl•InCl3•H2O in the system NH4Cl–InCl3–H2O, In2(SO4)3•InCl3•(17 ± 1)H2O in the system In2(SO4)3–InCl3–H2O. No double salt was found in the system NaCl–InCl3–H2O, studied previously (1). All the double salts except the two involving potassium chloride are congruently saturating at 25 °C.

The phase diagrams of the chlorides of the metals of Groups IIa and IIb with indium trichloride and water at 24 °C

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor M. Kartzmark
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Indium Chloride ◽  
Double Salts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Metal Organic

The double salt formation between indium chloride and the chlorides of Groups IIa and IIb has been investigated, and a comparison is made with the double salts of the Group I chlorides and indium trichloride. Three double salts of formula 2BeCl2•InCl3•(4–5)H2O, MgCl2•InCl3•(6–8)H2O, and CaCl2•InCl3•7H2O were found. The phase diagrams of the chlorides of Groups IIa and IIb with indium trichloride and water prove that the double salts MgCl2•2InCl3•10H2O, 2MgCl2•InCl3•12H2O, CaCl2•2InCl3•12H2O, 3CaCl2•4InCl3•30H2O, SrCl2•2InCl3•8H2O, SrCl2•InCl3•8H2O, ZnCl2•2InCl3•8H2O, and 2ZnCl2•InCl3•5H2O reported by Ensslin etal. (1) and recorded in Solubility of inorganic and metal organic compounds by Linke and Seidell (2) do not exist.

The Polarographic Determination of Selenium in Urine

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert G Faulkner ◽  
Edward C Knoblock ◽  
William C Purdy
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Polarographic Determination ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Sample Stability

Abstract Polarographic data are presented for the reduction of selenite ion in 3M sulfuric acid, 1M potassium chloride, and 1M ammonia-ammonium chloride. In these first two media two waves are obtained corresponding to the diffusion-controlled reduction of selenite ion to selenium amalgam and the adsorption of selenite ion on the mercury drop, respectively. One wave is obtained in ammonia-ammonium chloride corresponding to the reduction of selenite to selenide ion. Selenium has been determined in urine over a concentration range of 0.0063 to 0.175 mM. (0.5 to 14 µg./ml., in a 10-ml. sample) with an average error of 2 percent. The effects of the time and method of storage on the loss of selenium by urine have been investigated. Although selenium is lost by urine under all methods investigated, storage in a deep freeze results in greater sample stability. It was also found that this loss could be prevented if the urine was made 1 molar to nitric acid.

Existence and characterization of double salts in indium trihalide – potassium halide – water systems at 21 °C (halide = Cl, Br)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (13) ◽  
pp. 1747-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Wignacourt ◽  
G. Mairesse ◽  
P. Barbier ◽  
A. Lorriaux-Rubbens ◽  
F. Wallart
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Chloride System ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Double Salts ◽  
Potassium Halide

The degree of hydration of stable hydrates is discussed on the basis of early literature results and our determination of the phase diagrams for the systems InCl3–KCl–H2O and InBr3–KBr–H2O at 21 °C The existing double salts are formulated: 3KCl•InCl3•H2O and 2KCl•InCl3•H2O in the chloride system, and 3KBr•InBr3•1.5H2O, 2KBr•InBr3•H2O, KBr•InBr3•2H2O, and 3KBr•2InBr3 in the bromide system. All of them are incongruently saturating at 21 °C. A summary of their crystallographic and Raman spectroscopic data is given.

RECIPROCAL SALT PAIRS, INVOLVING THE CATIONS Li2, Na2, AND K2, THE ANIONS SO4, AND Cl2, AND WATER, AT 25 °C

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
E. G. Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Invariant Point ◽  
Double Salt ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Lithium Sulphate ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Chloride Monohydrate

In the reciprocal salt pair Li2, K2, Cl2, SO4, and water, at 25 °C there are large areas in which potassium sulphate and potassium lithium sulphate (KLiSO4) are separately in equilibrium with solution. Two incongruent invariant points exist. At one of these the composition of the solution is 0.917 mole fraction chloride, 0.437 mole fraction lithium, and 19.4 moles of water per total mole of salt, the equilibrium solid phases being potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, and the double salt. At the second, the composition of the solution is 0.967 mole fraction chloride, 0.870 mole fraction lithium, and 13.8 moles of water per mole of salt, the solid phases being potassium chloride, double salt, and lithium sulphate monohydrate. One congruent invariant point exists, at which the composition of the solution is 1.00 mole fraction chloride, 0.960 mole fraction lithium, and 9.6 moles of water per mole of salt, the solid phases being lithium sulphate monohydrate, lithium chloride monohydrate, and potassium chloride.In the reciprocal salt pair Li2, Na2, Cl2, SO4, and water, at 25 °C there is an incongruent invariant point at which the composition of the solution is 0.873 mole fraction chloride, 0.668 mole fraction lithium, and 15.1 moles water per total mole of salt, the solid phases being sodium chloride, solid solution of sodium and lithium sulphates, and lithium sulphate monohydrate. A congruent invariant point exists, at which the composition of the solution is practically entirely lithium chloride, the solid phases present being lithium chloride monohydrate, lithium sulphate monohydrate, and sodium chloride.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document