Jewellery. Determination of silver in silver jewellery alloys. Volumetric (potentiometric) method using sodium chloride or potassium chloride

2015 ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1312-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene D Olsen ◽  
Peter I Jatlow

Abstract The Delves [Analyst (London) 95, 431 (1970)] cup atomic absorption procedure for determination of lead in blood has been studied in detail and modified to permit the direct use of aqueous standards. Precision has been improved by stabilizing the burner mount. The small nonspecific absorption is caused by molecular sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and can be compensated for by including sodium chloride in the aqueous standards. If the cups are pre-coated with albumin, aqueous standards can be used and the more complicated method of additions is obviated. A similar technique was used to examine the analysis of lead in urine.


The wave-length of electrons of energy 40 to 60 keV has been determined from the diffraction patterns of transmission specimens of alkali halides and metals. The accelerating potential was measured by a special potentiometer and hence the quantity h /√( em 0 ) was derived. The results using specimens of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, caesium iodide and aluminium were mutually consistent and their mean value was h /√( em 0 ) = (1*00156 ± 0.00010) x 10 -8 ( e in e. s. u.). Specimens of gold and lithium fluoride gave anomalous results.


1939 ◽  
Vol 17b (8) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Janis ◽  
J. B. Ferguson

A method is described for the accurate determination of the vapour pressure of aqueous solutions of non-volatile salts. Solutions of two salts contained in a large silver dish are rocked in an evacuated desiccator until equilibrium is attained, then the vapour pressure of the one solution is determined from the known vapour pressure of the other. Results on the rate of attainment of equilibrium are given for various types of containers.Sodium chloride is chosen as the standard. Results are given for the system sodium-chloride–potassium-chloride at 25 °C., 30 °C., and 35 °C. Since there is a disagreement amongst the results for sodium chloride calculated from e.m.f. data and those determined from direct vapour pressure data, an arbitrarily selected vapour pressure curve is adopted. This curve is found to yield the activity coefficients of potassium chloride remarkably well. The method yields results whose accuracy is comparable with that of the best e.m.f. measurements.


1943 ◽  
Vol 21d (7) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Harold White ◽  
G. A. Grant

The refractometric determination of the solubility of dried, whole egg powder was found to be affected by the method of defatting, the nature of the fat and protein solvents, the ratio of protein solvent to powder, the method of equilibration, and time of extraction. These factors were standardized by defatting egg powder with petroleum ether and extracting for a period of two hours with a 5% solution of sodium chloride. The refractometric value of the extract was determined at 25 °C. using an Abbé refractometer.The refractometric value was linearly related to the content of water soluble nitrogen of whole powder and to the potassium chloride value of defatted powder. A curvilinear relation was obtained with the content of crude albumin nitrogen and with the potassium chloride value of whole egg powder.


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