Oligoribonucleotide synthesis. IX. Synthesis of sequences corresponding to the dihydrouridine loop neck region common in several transfer RNA molecules

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1714-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. England ◽  
Thomas Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Neck Region ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
Phosphotriester Method

The syntheses of the oligoribonucleotides GpApGpC, GpCpUpC, and ApGpCpUpC by an improved phosphotriester method are described. These sequences are found in the double-stranded region adjacent to the dihydrouridine loop of several transfer RNAs. Of special significance is the improvement in yields that the activating agent, mesitylenesulfonyl triazolide, provides in coupling reactions involving purine residues.

scholarly journals The RNA origin of transfer RNA aminoacylation and beyond

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1580) ◽  
pp. 2959-2964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Suga ◽  
Gosuke Hayashi ◽  
Naohiro Terasaka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Rna Catalysts ◽  
Modern System ◽  
History Of

Aminoacylation of tRNA is an essential event in the translation system. Although in the modern system protein enzymes play the sole role in tRNA aminoacylation, in the primitive translation system RNA molecules could have catalysed aminoacylation onto tRNA or tRNA-like molecules. Even though such RNA enzymes so far are not identified from known organisms, in vitro selection has generated such RNA catalysts from a pool of random RNA sequences. Among them, a set of RNA sequences, referred to as flexizymes (Fxs), discovered in our laboratory are able to charge amino acids onto tRNAs. Significantly, Fxs allow us to charge a wide variety of amino acids, including those that are non-proteinogenic, onto tRNAs bearing any desired anticodons, and thus enable us to reprogramme the genetic code at our will. This article summarizes the evolutionary history of Fxs and also the most recent advances in manipulating a translation system by integration with Fxs.

Functions of cytokinins

1978 ◽  
Vol 284 (1002) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Plant Ribosomes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Mechanisms of action of cytokinins at the cellular and molecular levels are still unknown. Biological functions of cytokinins are presented through specific bioassay systems which are regarded as standard (delay of senescence of leaf tissue and stimulation of cell division) and which have been or may be biochemically investigated. These ‘biochemical functions’ of cytokinins are reviewed. The biochemical significance of the specific occurrence of cytokinins in transfer RNA molecules is discussed with respect to the question of the incorporation of labelled cytokinins into RNA molecules. Also, the significance of the cytokinin binding protein recently isolated from higher plant ribosomes is discussed.

scholarly journals Electrophoretic Deformation of Individual Transfer RNA Molecules Reveals Their Identity

Nano Letters ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Y. Henley ◽  
Brian Alan Ashcroft ◽  
Ian Farrell ◽  
Barry S. Cooperman ◽  
Stuart M. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Rna Molecules

II. Distribution of DNA base sequences - Introductory remarks: DNA and genes

1978 ◽  
Vol 283 (997) ◽  
pp. 305-307
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Code ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Base Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Rna

After the genetic code was discovered in the early 1960s, it was generally accepted that nearly all DNA in higher organisms was used to specify messenger RNA molecules at some time during their development. A small fraction could be set aside for the ribosomal and transfer RNAs and there was a problem about the rapidly turning over nuclear RNA which did not appear in the cytoplasm as message. By and large we considered that most DNA was potentially coding and the lone voices who talked of other kinds of DNA on the basis of somewhat flimsy evidence were largely ignored.

scholarly journals Noncanonical Roles of tRNAs: tRNA Fragments and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangli Su ◽  
Briana Wilson ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Anindya Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Rna Molecules

As one of the most abundant and conserved RNA species, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well known for their role in reading the codons on messenger RNAs and translating them into proteins. In this review, we discuss the noncanonical functions of tRNAs. These include tRNAs as precursors to novel small RNA molecules derived from tRNAs, also called tRNA-derived fragments, that are abundant across species and have diverse functions in different biological processes, including regulating protein translation, Argonaute-dependent gene silencing, and more. Furthermore, the role of tRNAs in biosynthesis and other regulatory pathways, including nutrient sensing, splicing, transcription, retroelement regulation, immune response, and apoptosis, is reviewed. Genome organization and sequence variation of tRNA genes are also discussed in light of their noncanonical functions. Lastly, we discuss the recent applications of tRNAs in genome editing and microbiome sequencing.

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