Metals Intercalated in Graphite. I. Reduction and Oxidation

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (18) ◽  
pp. 3058-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Lalancette ◽  
G. Rollin ◽  
P. Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Selective Method ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Steric Orientation ◽  
Reduction And Oxidation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Reducing Properties

Potassium in graphite shows distinctive reducing properties towards carbonyls. The reaction products can be related to a mechanism similar to electrochemical reduction. The steric orientation of the reduction can be explained by the particular structure of potassium–graphite.Chromic anhydride in graphite offers a new selective method of preparation of aldehydes from the corre sponding primary alcohol. This method is characterized by its specificity, high yields and a simple experimental procedure.

Synthesis of Indole/Benzofuran-Containing Diarylmethanes through Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Indolylmethyl or Benzofuranylmethyl Acetates with Boronic Acids

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Goggiamani ◽  
Antonia Iazzetti ◽  
Antonio Arcadi ◽  
Andrea Calcaterra ◽  
Marco Chiarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boronic Acids ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Reaction Works

AbstractThe palladium-catalyzed synthesis of indole/benzofuran-containing diarylmethanes starting from indolylmethyl or benzofuranylmethyl acetates with boronic acids has been investigated. The success of the reaction is influenced by the choice of precatalyst: with indolylmethyl acetates the reaction works well with [Pd(η3-C3H5)Cl]2/XPhos while with benzofuranylmethyl acetates Pd2(dba)3/XPhos is more efficient. The good to high yields and the simplicity of the experimental procedure make this protocol a versatile synthetic tool for the preparation of 2- and 3-substituted indoles and 2-benzo[b]furans. The methodology can be advantageously extended to the preparation of a key precursor of Zafirlukast.

scholarly journals Premium biofuels from straw – production of advanced biofuels using the Sylvan process

Paliva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Aubrecht ◽  
David Kubička
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Advanced Biofuels ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Noble Metal Catalysts ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Middle Distillates

The increasing demand for transportation fuels, especially middle distillates, stimulates the research of new strategies to obtain or synthesize biofuels. The processing of lignocellulosic biomass (for example straw) is a process of great interest, because after its hydrolysis and subsequent dehydration of the resulting sugar monomers, very valuable substances including furfural are obtained. Then, furfural is selectively hydrogenated to 2-methylfuran, sylvan, that is the basic “building block” in the Sylvan process. This manuscript summarizes the knowledge on Sylvan process as a promising way of biofuels synthesis. By sylvan condensing with aldehydes, ketones or even 2-methylfuran itself, it is possible to prepare C13-C16 oxygenates in high yields up to 100 % under mild reaction conditions (30 - 60 °C) over various heterogeneous catalysts. Based on the overview, the heterogeneous catalysts are preferred and the immobilized sulfonic acids are the most active catalysts, however, expensive. The reaction products then may be hydrodeoxygenated commonly over supported noble metal catalysts to provide premium quality C13-C16 hydrocarbons to produce diesel or kerosene. These fractions have great low-temperature properties such as CFPP (-50 °C) or cetane number (70-72). According to the proposed sustainability prediction, this process could be sustainable in the Czech Republic, where 30 % of produced wheat straw could be used for the production of 130 kt advanced biofuels by Sylvan process required by EU directive RED II. Finally, the future approaches have been suggested.

scholarly journals One-pot multi-component process for the synthesis of 4-azaphenanthrene-3,10-dione, 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives catalyzed by the deep eutectic solvent choline chloride-oxalic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hosein Sayahi ◽  
Maryam Gorjizadeh ◽  
Melan Meheiseni ◽  
Soheil Sayyahi
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Component Process ◽  
High Yields

AbstractAn effective method based on choline chloride (ChCl)-oxalic acid (Ox) deep eutectic solvent was proposed for the synthesis of 4-azaphenanthrene-3,10-dione, 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. The eutectic mixture worked as both the solvent and acidic catalyst for conversion. The impacts of different variables, including the composition and volume of ChCl-Ox, and temperature, on reaction yield were studied for optimization. The crucial advantages of this process are simplicity of the experimental procedure, high yields, short reaction times, high recyclability, and the use of safe and inexpensive components.

Schwefel-Stickstoff-Verbindungen, XI. Elektrochemische Untersuchung einiger aromatisch substituierter Schwefeldiimide/ Sulfur-Nitrogen Compounds, XI. Electrochemical Investigations on Some Aromatic Substituted Sulfurdiimides

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1137-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Brands ◽  
Alfred Golloch
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Reduction And Oxidation

Abstract The electrochemical reduction and oxidation of sulfurdiimines R1-NSN-R2 (R1,2 = C6H5, C6F5, C6H5S, C6F5S) in organic solvents is studied. Both reactions proceed in the sulfur-nitrogen system in a one-electron step. The influences of the substituents are, however, different.

ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION AND OXIDATION OF COBALT(III) DITHIOCARBAMATES

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. BOND ◽  
A. R. HENDRICKSON ◽  
R. L. MARTIN ◽  
J. E. MOIR ◽  
D. R. PAGE
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Reduction And Oxidation
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