Theory of Enthalpy of Mixing in Reactive Charge Asymmetrical Molten Salt Systems. Part I. Binary Solutions

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (24) ◽  
pp. 3971-3985 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Flengas ◽  
A. S. Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Enthalpy Of Mixing ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Central Metal ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Salt Systems

The enthalpies of mixing for the charge asymmetrical molten salt systems; MnCl2-ACl, FeCl2–ACl, CoCl2–ACl, NiCl2–ACl, MgCl2–ACl, and CdCl2–ACl (where A represents Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) have been calculated by separating the mixing process into two parts. One part of enthalpy of mixing results from the "reaction" to form a tetrahedral complex, MCl42−, and another part of the enthalpy of mixing arises from the "mixing" of the complexed species with the remaining free components. The "complex" species are treated as orderly configurations defined by shorter anion to cation distances within which the central metal cation interacts with the surrounding other metal cations through bridging chloride ions. The model takes into account the difference in the coordination number of the mono- and divalent components. The interaction parameters are shown to depend upon the radii of the alkali metal cations.

Theory of Enthalpy of Mixing in Reactive Charge Asymmetrical Molten Salt Systems. Part II. Ternary Solutions

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1352
Author(s):  
S. N. Flengas ◽  
J. M. Skeaff
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Enthalpy Of Mixing ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Enthalpies Of Mixing ◽  
Ternary Solutions ◽  
Products Of Reaction ◽  
Molten Salt System ◽  
Salt Systems

The enthalpies of mixing for a reacting charge asymmetrical ternary molten salt system have been calculated on the basis of an extension of a previously developed model for binary systems. The enthalpy of mixing is considered to consist of a reaction term and a mixing term; the former results from the formation of the tetrahedrally coordinated complex species [Formula: see text] and the latter from the mixing of the products of reaction according to quasichemical theory modified to account for charge asymmetry.The ternary model enables the prediction of the integral enthalpies from a knowledge of the interaction parameters determined for the two charge asymmetrical binary systems. The calculations are compared with experimentally measured integral enthalpies of mixing in the ternary system MnCl2–NaCl–CsCl, and shown to give accurate predictions of the behaviour of the system.

scholarly journals The phenoxyl group-modulated interplay of cation–π and σ-type interactions in the alkali metal series

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (46) ◽  
pp. 27105-27120
Author(s):  
Giacomo Prampolini ◽  
Marco d'Ischia ◽  
Alessandro Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations ◽  
Striking Effect

An extensive exploration of the interaction PESs of phenol and catechol complexes with alkali metal cations reveals a striking effect of –OH substitution on the balance between cation-π and σ-type noncovalent interactions.

Influence of Alkali Metal Cations on the Photodimerization of Bromo Cinnamates Studied by Solid-State NMR

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (50) ◽  
pp. 27614-27620
Author(s):  
Marufa Zahan ◽  
He Sun ◽  
Sophia E. Hayes ◽  
Harald Krautscheid ◽  
Jürgen Haase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations

Derivation of Class II Force Fields. 4. van der Waals Parameters of Alkali Metal Cations and Halide Anions

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (39) ◽  
pp. 7243-7252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwei Peng ◽  
Carl S. Ewig ◽  
Ming-Jing Hwang ◽  
Marvin Waldman ◽  
Arnold T. Hagler
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Force Fields ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations ◽  
Halide Anions

Fluorescence enhancement of dibenzo-18-crown-6 by alkali metal cations

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 994-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Shizuka ◽  
Kiyoshi Takada ◽  
Toshifumi Morita
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Fluorescence Enhancement ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations

scholarly journals The Effects of Alkali Metal Cations and Common Anions on the Frog Skin Potential

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Lindley ◽  
T. Hoshiko
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Frog Skin ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Constant Field ◽  
Alkali Metal Cations ◽  
Ionic Selectivity ◽  
Skin Potential ◽  
Mean Values

The effects on the potential difference across isolated frog skin (R. catesbeiana, R. pipiens) of changing the ionic composition of the bathing solutions have been examined. Estimates of mean values and precision are presented for the potential changes produced by substituting other alkali metal cations for Na at the outside border and for K at the inside border. In terms of ability to mimic Na at the outside border of bullfrog skin, the selectivity order is Li > Rb, K, Cs; at the outside border of leopard frog skin, Li > Cs, K, Rb. In terms of ability to mimic K at the inside border of bullfrog and leopard frog skin: Rb > Cs > Li > Na. Orders of anion selectivity in terms of sensitivity of the potential for the outside border of bullfrog skin are Br > Cl > NO3 > I > SO4, isethionate and of leopard frog skin are Br, Cl > I, NO3, SO4. An effect of the solution composition (ionic strength?) on the apparent Na-K selectivity of the outside border is described. The results of the investigation have been interpreted and discussed in terms of the application of the constant field equation to the Koefoed-Johnsen-Ussing frog skin model. These observations may be useful in constructing and testing models of biological ionic selectivity.

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